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以2006-2008年的南四湖4条入湖河流水质监测数据为基础,以溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、5日生化需氧量和氨氮作为监测项目,采用综合水质标识指数评价法对南四湖入湖河流进行水质评价.结果表明,除泗河监测断面水质为Ⅲ类水体外,其他都属于Ⅳ、Ⅴ类水体,污染较为严重.本研究可为南四湖主要入湖河流的污染治理提供一定的科学依据. 相似文献
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利用实测降水量，水位和计算出的入湖水量，可利用水量、年用水量等资料，分析南四湖近四十年中水文要素的变化趋势，并用倾向率作定量描述，结果表明：南四湖流域降水量，湖内水位，入湖水量，可利用水量等均呈下降趋势，而年用水量却呈增长趋势，年用水量已超过兴利库容，因此，应采取措施解决南四湖的缺水问题。 相似文献
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南四湖上生活着十几万湖、渔民。几百年来,他们生产在水泊中,居住在水泊中的村宅上。旧社会,竹篱草舍,冬修夏没,他们与风浪、洪水搏斗,同严寒、冰凌抗争,洪水期弃舍逃移,洪水过后又重回故里。他们有多少村?多少人?经多方面查证,1964年上级湖蓄水前,湖内共有自然村231 相似文献
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长江三角洲地区1万年以来洪水与气候变化的关系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
对长江三角洲地区埋藏古树、泥炭以及海相贝壳测年资料作了分析，结果表明，长江下游地区1万年以来古洪水的发生与气候变化有着密切的联系，洪水频繁发生的时期往往也是气候转型期。由于长江三角洲地区地势低平这一地貌特征使海面变化对于研究区洪水发生有着重要的影响，气候变化导致的海面上升对长江下游河段径流的顶托作用导致河流上溯以及地面排水不畅，导致洪水发生频率加大以及洪水灾害程度的加强，以至于出现“小水大灾”的现象。长江三角洲地区古洪水发生频率与美洲地区古洪水发生频率的对比研究结果表明，长江三角洲地区乃至整个长江流域在大的气候变化趋势上与全球其他地区可能有着遥相关关系，既有全球气候变化的特点，同时又具有区域响应的特征。 相似文献
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南四湖的形成及水环境演变 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
采用重力活塞取样器在南四湖的独山湖和微山湖分别采取了两个湖底沉积剖面的样品。通过对湖底沉积物高分辨率的粒度、矿物、磁化率、有机碳、色素等环境指标和沉积年代学的综合研究 ,结合研究区的历史文献资料 ,探讨了南四湖形成近 2 5ka以来的水环境演变过程。研究表明 ,南四湖的形成和发展可分为 4个阶段 :初时 ,湖区为古泗水及其沿岸平原 ;西汉时期古泗水中下游段形成分散的湖沼地 ;唐—明代受黄河夺泗入淮和开挖京杭运河等人类活动的影响 ,湖沼扩张、合并 ;清同治 1 1年黄河大决于东明后 ,先后出现的南阳、昭阳、独山、微山四湖合并为统一的南四湖。 相似文献
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山东省济宁市以南的南阳湖、独山湖、昭阳湖和微山湖连成一片，通称南四湖，也叫微山湖。是被淹没的河道洼地湖，泗河及其三角洲，是该湖流域中流量最大的河流和最活跃的三角洲。三角洲表层沉积物，自河口向外和自分流河道向两侧，直至湖湾，存在着粒度由粗变细，分选由好到差，有机质含量由少到多，重矿物含量由高到低和还原程度逐渐增高的规律。这一高能带向低能带递变的特点与沉积构造平面展布上， 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
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Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献