共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
本文使用加拿大气候模拟与分析中心(Canadian Center for Climate Modeling and Analysis,CCCma)的耦合模式预报产品,应用以信息论为基础的可预报性理论框架,诊断、分析了耦合模式中Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO)的预报率,包括实际预报技巧和潜在预报率,以及热带季节内尺度变率(Intraseasonal Variability,ISV)最可预报模态的空间分布。并在此基础上讨论了不同时间尺度平均对MJO预报技巧的影响。结果表明:本文使用的2个耦合模式中,MJO的预报技巧与目前全球主要使用的预报模式相近,约为10 d。潜在可预报技巧可以达到30 d以上。随着时间尺度从日平均增加到10 d平均,MJO的实际预报技巧与潜在可预报技巧都相应提高,尤其是潜在可预报技巧的提高更加显著。进一步分析发现,影响实际预报技巧的一个重要因素是初始条件MJO信号的强弱,当MJO信号很强时,预报技巧较高,反之则较低。本文最后分析了模式中ISV最可预报模态的空间分布,并讨论了如何利用这种最可预报空间分布提高ISV的实际预报技巧。 相似文献
2.
印度洋偶极子预报技巧在多模式中的对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用北美多模式集合产品数据，分析了印度洋偶极子指数在不同模式中实际预报技巧和潜在可预报性的差异，并进一步探究其可能的原因。结果表明，印度洋偶极子的有效预报时效在不同模式中差别较大，从2个月到4个月不等。其中东极子海温异常在不同模式中预报技巧的差别较西极子海表面温度异常更明显，表明模式误差和初始误差对东极子海表面温度异常演变的影响更为显著。另外，印度洋偶极子的实际预报技巧和潜在预报技巧存在明显的线性关系，潜在预报技巧高的模式，其实际预报技巧也高。最后，本文诊断、分析了厄尔尼诺对印度洋偶极子预报技巧的影响，发现在厄尔尼诺和印度洋偶极子相关性较高的气候模式中，印度洋偶极子实际预报技巧也较高。 相似文献
3.
东亚季风过渡带地处东亚夏季风北边缘附近,是典型的生态脆弱区与气候敏感带。东亚季风过渡带降水变化同时与东亚夏季风和中高纬西风带环流系统的变化密切关联,变异机理与典型季风区和干旱区降水有较大差别。目前专门针对东亚季风过渡带降水变异机理的研究还比较少。 此文从东亚季风过渡带夏季降水的年际、年代际变化特征和物理机制出发,分别回顾热带关键区的海温异常和中高纬环流系统等对东亚季风过渡带夏季降水年际变化的影响,以及太平洋年代际振荡、大西洋多年代际振荡与气候系统外强迫对东亚季风过渡带降水年代际变化的贡献。最后, 在进展回顾的基础上,展望定量区分外强迫和内部变率对东亚季风过渡带降水年代际变化的相对贡献等未来需进一步开展的研究方向。 相似文献
4.
为理解次季节—季节(subseasonal to seasonal,S2S)模式的预报技巧,利用台站降水观测资料对中国气象局(China Meteorological Administration,CMA)、欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)和美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)模式公共回报期1999—2010 年108°E 以东的中国大陆东部夏季日降水及极端降水预报展开评估。结果表明,ECMWF 预报整体表现最佳、NCEP 次之、CMA 相对较弱,各模式随预报时间的增长均呈现当观测偏湿(干)时预报倾向偏干(湿)的特点,在 S2S 时间尺度基本丧失预报技巧,具有很大的改进空间。极端降水临界阈值的界定方法会直接影响单个台站的评估结果,但对区域整体预报技巧影响不大。S2S 模式预报的均方根误差在观测降水量越多时往往越大;预报值与观测值的相关系数在所有(极端)降水事件中呈连续(振荡)衰减,甚至出现负相关;均方技巧评分在所研究降水事件较多的情况下表现更好。各模式在所有降水事件中的空报率要远高于漏报率,但在极端降水事件中恰好相反。降水预报检验指标在绝对极端降水分级检验中的表现逐级变差,各模式预报中基本不出现特大暴雨,CMA 对极端降水事件发生的预报准确率较低。 相似文献
5.
东亚夏季气候主要模态的年际变化及其机理 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
主要研究了东亚(中国和日本)夏季气候(降水和气温)主要模态的年际变化及其机理。研究发现,中国区域夏季降水和气温的大尺度年际变化间有很强的耦合:大范围多(少)雨对应大范围低(高)温。奇异值分解的第一个模态的长期变化主要反映了长江中下游地区降水逐年增加(变湿)的趋势而气温逐年降低(变冷)的趋势。在70年代中期以后,长江中下游地区降水和气温耦合变化的准两年分量明显增强。研究表明,影响长江中下游地区夏季降水和气温年际变化的大尺度环流背景异常十分相似,即主要是两个遥相关型:太平洋-日本(PJ)型和欧亚型遥相关型。与夏季东亚梅雨异常相联系的长江中下游地区降水和气温异常是中高纬度干冷空气和低纬度暖湿空气相互作用的结果。热带西太平洋海表温度异常和相关的对流活动的年际变化通过PJ型对东亚地区夏季降水和气温的年际变化产生十分显着的影响。西太平洋对流活动与北半球大气环流遥相关的相互作用有明显的季节性。PJ型不仅是夏季西太平洋对流活动与北半球夏季热带外地区500hPa高度场年际变化耦合相互作用的最重要模态,而且也是两者各自变化的一个十分重要的模态。1984年夏季北半球500hPa位势高度主振荡型分析表明存在着能量从热带西太平洋向东亚北部的PJ型的振荡传播。低纬度的影响可传播到70°N,同时也存在能量从高纬度向低纬度的传播.即从极地传播到70°N。高纬度和低纬度的影响在70°N附近汇合。 相似文献
6.
太平洋海温的季节演变与长江中下游及其以南地区夏季降水的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文首先利用交叉相关场的EOF分解,考查了我国长江中下游及以南地区夏季降水和太平洋海温遥相关关键区的季节演变。然后分别就长江中下游及以南地区旱、涝年份对应的前期和同期季节海温进行复自然正交函数(CEOF)的合成分析,得到了长江中下游及以南地区旱、涝时太平洋海温振幅分布和传播结构的季节演变。并根据这些异常特征,讨论了长江中下游及以南地区夏季降水的长期预报。最后,利用非参数跃变检验诊断了长江中下游及以南地区夏季降水的跃变,并讨论了与太平洋海温季节跃变的联系。 相似文献
7.
《海洋预报》2015,(4)
对比了两套不同空间分辨率的海表热通量和风应力资料的差异,并将这两套外强迫数据作为全球海洋环流模式MOM4的上边界,研究不同的外强迫对全球海温模拟的影响。通过将两组试验的全球海温的气候态SST、经向平均的垂直海温、海温的季节及年际变化特征与SODA数据进行对比分析。结果表明:不同的外强迫对全球海温的模拟具有重要的影响,虽然采用这两套外强迫数据模拟的海温在大尺度的空间分布上与观测较为一致,但同时也存在一定的差异。这些差异总体表现为:采用CFSR数据作为模式外强迫时,模拟的海温表现为印度洋及大西洋区域的海温误差相对较小,而采用NCEP数据作为模式外强迫时,模拟的海温表现为太平洋区域的海温误差相对较小。两组试验模拟的海温差异的分布及特征与这两套数据净热通量差异的分布及风应力差异的分布相一致。未来建立海洋气候预测系统时,应该根据业务需求更加合理的选择外强迫数据。 相似文献
8.
尝试利用卫星遥感高分辨率海表温度资料GHRSST (Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature) 与海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)数值预报产品之间的误差, 建立一种南海SST模式预报订正方法。首先, 利用南海的Argo浮标上层海温数据对GHRSST 海温数据进行验证, 结果表明两者之间均方根误差约为0.3℃, 相关系数为0.98, GHRSST 海温数据可用于南海业务化数值预报SST的订正。预报订正后的SST与Argo浮标海温数据相比, 24h、48h和72h的均方根误差均由0.8℃左右下降到0.5℃以内。与GHRSST 海温数据相比, 南海北部海域(110°E—121°E, 13°N—23°N)订正后的24h、48h和72h的SST预报空间误差均显著减小, 在冷空气影响南海期间或中尺度涡存在的过程中, SST预报订正效果也较为显著。因此, 该方法可考虑在南海业务化SST数值预报系统中应用。 相似文献
9.
长江中下游夏季降水与西北太平洋海温的耦合模态分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用NOAA_ERSST海温资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国160站降水资料,借用多种统计方法研究了夏季长江中下游地区降水与西北太平洋的耦合关系.奇异值分解(SVD)和相关分析显示出长江中下游夏季降水与西北太平洋夏季海表温度(以下简称"海温")密切相关,而与其他海区没有明显的关系,并且这种关系主要反映年代际变化;夏季多变量经验正交函数展开(MV-EOF)分析结果证明夏季长江中下游降水、东亚-太平洋地区上空850hPa风场、西北太平洋海温之间存在显著的耦合模态,这种耦合模态反映出长江中下游夏季降水异常偏多时,东亚-太平洋上空自南向北有异常的反气旋、气旋、反气旋波列(即东亚-太平洋型遥相关或P-J波列),东亚夏季风偏弱、北界位置偏南.依赖季节的多变量经验正交函数展开(SRMV-EOF)分析结果表明,长江中下游夏季降水与西北太平洋的耦合模态与前期ENSO密切相关:前一年秋季,赤道东太平洋开始出现ENSO信号,冬季发展成熟,同时在菲律宾以东的西北太平洋上空有一个反气旋形成;春季,ENSO开始减弱,西北太平洋出现暖海温异常,反气旋发展;夏季,ENSO信号消失,西北太平洋异常暖海温范围扩大,反气旋发展很强,同时在东亚-太平洋上空出现P-J波列,华南上空的西南风与来自北方的偏北风在长江中下游地区辐合,造成长江中下游夏季降水偏多. 相似文献
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11.
The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) constitutes a major source of potential predictability in the tropics. The majority of past seasonal prediction studies have concentrated on precipitation anomalies at the seasonal mean timescale. However, fields such as agriculture and water resource management require higher time frequency forecasts of precipitation variability. Regional climate models (RCMs), with their increased resolution, may offer one means of improving general circulation model forecasts of higher time frequency precipitation variability.
Part I of this study evaluated the ability of the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model (RCA), forced by analysed boundary conditions, to simulate seasonal mean precipitation anomalies over the tropical Americas associated with ENSO variability. In this paper the same integrations are analysed, with the focus now on precipitation anomalies at subseasonal (pentad) timescales.
RCA simulates the climatological annual cycle of pentad-mean precipitation intensity quite accurately. The timing of the rainy season (onset, demise and length) is well simulated, with biases generally of less than 2 weeks. Changes in the timing and duration of the rainy season, associated with ENSO forcing, are also well captured. Finally, pentad-mean rainfall intensity distributions are simulated quite accurately, as are shifts in these distributions associated with ENSO forcing. 相似文献
Part I of this study evaluated the ability of the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model (RCA), forced by analysed boundary conditions, to simulate seasonal mean precipitation anomalies over the tropical Americas associated with ENSO variability. In this paper the same integrations are analysed, with the focus now on precipitation anomalies at subseasonal (pentad) timescales.
RCA simulates the climatological annual cycle of pentad-mean precipitation intensity quite accurately. The timing of the rainy season (onset, demise and length) is well simulated, with biases generally of less than 2 weeks. Changes in the timing and duration of the rainy season, associated with ENSO forcing, are also well captured. Finally, pentad-mean rainfall intensity distributions are simulated quite accurately, as are shifts in these distributions associated with ENSO forcing. 相似文献
12.
Sea surface temperature (SST) prediction based on the multi-model seasonal forecast with numerous ensemble members have more useful skills to estimate the possibility of climate events than individual models. Hence, we assessed SST predictability in the North Pacific (NP) from multi-model seasonal forecasts. We used 23 years of hindcast data from three seasonal forecasting systems in the Copernicus Climate Change Service to estimate the prediction skill based on temporal correlation. We evaluated the predictability of the SST from the ensemble members' width spread, and co-variability between the ensemble mean and observation. Our analysis revealed that areas with low prediction skills were related to either the large spread of ensemble members or the ensemble members not capturing the observation within their spread. The large spread of ensemble members reflected the high forecast uncertainty, as exemplified in the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension region in July. The ensemble members not capturing the observation indicates the model bias; thus, there is room for improvements in model prediction. On the other hand, the high prediction skills of the multi-model were related to the small spread of ensemble members that captures the observation, as in the central NP in January. Such high predictability is linked to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) via teleconnection.
相似文献13.
Yanjie Cheng Youmin Tang Tongwen Wu Xiaoge Xin Xiangwen Liu Jianglong Li Xiaoyun Liang Qiaoping Li Junchen Yao Jinghui Yan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(5):99-109
The El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) ensemble prediction skills of the Beijing Climate Center(BCC) climate prediction system version 2(BCC-CPS2) are examined for the period from 1991 to 2018. The upper-limit ENSO predictability of this system is quantified by measuring its “potential” predictability using information-based metrics, whereas the actual prediction skill is evaluated using deterministic and probabilistic skill measures.Results show that:(1) In general, the current operational BCC ... 相似文献
14.
基于CESM气候模式的ENSO后报试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)开发的通用地球系统模式(CESM),本文设计了nudging次表层海温的同化方案,进行了后报实验。对1982-2011年后报结果的分析表明,通过nudging同化,模式对ENSO现象有一定的模拟和预报能力,对赤道太平洋SST、纬向风、降水等海洋、大气要素等的后报结果与GODAS和NCEP再分析资料较接近,可以较好地重现历次厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件中异常东传的过程,超前1、3、6个月时,模式预报的Nio3指数与CPC指数的相关性分别达到0.88、0.81、0.70。但模式同时也表现出一定的春季预报障碍,秋季起报的后报效果最好,春季最差。对1982/1983和1997/1999两个厄尔尼诺事件的分析表明,模式后报的纬向风、热通量、风应力等大气变量的响应较实际滞后,而海洋的变化与实际情况相似,这与我们的同化方案设置有关,即模式只同化了次表层海温,进而强迫大气的响应,从而导致大气的变化较滞后。 相似文献
15.
海洋盐度在水循环、海洋环流、海洋生态系统、全球天气和气候变化等方面起着至关重要的作用。然而, 受观测的限制, 以往对海洋盐度的研究相对匮乏, 对其进行预报的工作更为少见。本文采用线性马尔可夫模型对印度洋海表面盐度(sea surface salinity, SSS)开展初步的预报工作。根据混合层盐度收支方程, 选择海表面高度(sea surface height, SSH)、海表面温度 (sea surface temperature, SST)、SSS等物理量的异常值作为模型的组成部分, 对印度洋SSS开展预报工作。结果表明, 马尔可夫模型可提前9个月对印度洋SSS进行较好的预报。此外, 南太平洋海表面温度异常(sea surface temperature anomaly, SSTA), 海表面高度异常(sea surface height anomaly, SSHA)和印度洋偶极子(Indian Ocean dipole, IOD)系数等遥相关因素的加入可将线性马尔可夫预报对印度洋SSS的预报效果(相关系数)平均提高10%。利用改进的模型对印度洋SSS进行提前1~11个月的“实时”预测, 得出预报的SSS时空变化特征与观测场相吻合。综上所述, 改进的线性马尔可夫模型对印度洋SSS具有一定的预测能力, 未来可进一步完善。 相似文献
16.
With the observational wind data and the Zebiak-Cane model, the impact of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) as external forcing on El Ni(n)o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictability is studied. The obs... 相似文献
17.
Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) constitute a major source of predictability in the tropics. We evaluate the ability of a regional climate model (the Rossby Centre Atmospheric Model; RCA) to downscale SST and large-scale atmospheric anomalies associated with ENSO. RCA is configured over the tropical east Pacific and tropical Americas and runs for the period 1979–2005, using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) lateral and surface boundary conditions. We study the ability of RCA to represent regional patterns of precipitation, with respect to both the climatology and interannual variability associated with ENSO. The latter is achieved by grouping the simulations into El Niño and La Niña composites and studying the delayed response of precipitation to SST forcing in four regions of Central and South America.
In this paper, we concentrate on seasonal mean timescales. We find that RCA accurately simulates the main features of the precipitation climatology over the four regions and also reproduces the majority of the documented regional responses to ENSO forcing. Furthermore, the model captures the variability in precipitation anomalies between different ENSO events. The model exhibits a wet bias over the northern Amazon and slightly overestimates the magnitude of ENSO anomalies over Central America. 相似文献
In this paper, we concentrate on seasonal mean timescales. We find that RCA accurately simulates the main features of the precipitation climatology over the four regions and also reproduces the majority of the documented regional responses to ENSO forcing. Furthermore, the model captures the variability in precipitation anomalies between different ENSO events. The model exhibits a wet bias over the northern Amazon and slightly overestimates the magnitude of ENSO anomalies over Central America. 相似文献
18.
Xiaoqin Xiong Xuhua Cheng Niansen Ou Tao Feng Jianhuang Qin Xiao Chen Rui Xin Huang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(5):78-89
Seasonal and interannual variability of ocean bottom pressure(OBP) in the Southern Ocean was investigated using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) data and a Pressure Coordinate Ocean Model(PCOM)based on mass conservation. By comparing OBP, steric sea level, and sea level, it is found that at high latitudes the OBP variability dominates the sea level variability at seasonal-to-decadal time scales. The diagnostic OBP based on barotropic vorticity equation has a good correlation with t... 相似文献
19.
Pacific Basin climate variability and patterns of Northeast Pacific marine fish production 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A review of oceanographic and climate data from the North Pacific and Bering Sea has revealed climate events that occur on two principal time scales: a) 2–7 years (i.e. El Niño Southern Oscillation, ENSO), and b) inter-decadal (i.e. Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO). The timing of ENSO events and of related oceanic changes at higher latitudes were examined. The frequency of ENSO was high in the 1980s. Evidence of ENSO forcing on ocean conditions in the North Pacific (Niño North conditions) showed ENSO events were more frequently observed along the West Coast than in the western Gulf of Alaska (GOA) and Eastern Bering Sea (EBS). Time series of catches for 30 region/species groups of salmon, and recruitment data for 29 groundfish and 5 non-salmonid pelagic species, were examined for evidence of a statistical relationship with any of the time scales associated with Niño North conditions or the PDO. Some flatfish stocks exhibited high autocorrelation in recruitment coupled with a significant step in recruitment in 1977 suggesting a relationship between PDO forcing and recruitment success. Five of the dominant gadid stocks (EBS and GOA Pacific cod, Pacific hake and EBS and GOA walleye pollock) exhibited low autocorrelation in recruitment. Of these, Pacific hake, GOA walleye pollock and GOA Pacific cod exhibited significantly higher incidence of strong year classes in years associated with Niño North conditions. These findings suggest that the PDO and ENSO may play an important role in governing year-class strength of several Northeast Pacific marine fish stocks. 相似文献