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沉积物中磷的存在形态及其生物可利用性研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
用MgCl2,NaOH和HCl对大亚湾的大鹏澳、南海的珠江口、厦门湾的胡里山沉积物进行了逐级提取和总磷分析,并以这3种沉积物为惟一磷源培养小球藻和球等鞭金藻,估算了藻类对沉积物中磷的可利用量.结果表明,3种沉积物总磷含量分别为449.3,650.1和643.9mg/kg;MgCl2和NaOH提取的生物可利用的非磷灰石无机磷分别为168.8,146.6和118.1mg/kg.非磷灰石无机磷占总磷的18.3%～32.6%.3种提取剂对3种沉积物提取的磷是HCl提取相最大,NaOH提取相次之,MgCl2提取相最小.小球藻和球等鞭金藻在3种沉积物中的最大相对生长率为4.3%～26.9%,两种藻在3种沉积物中的生长与非磷灰石无机磷和藻类可利用的颗粒磷量相对应.颗粒磷占非磷灰石无机磷的42.4%～78.2%,占沉积物中总无机磷的21.1%～27.1%,占总磷的11.8%～20.3%. 相似文献
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洞头近海养殖水域沉积物碳含量空间分布格局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《应用海洋学学报》2015,(4)
为揭示近海养殖活动在碳埋藏中的作用,对洞头近海3个不同养殖年份(2、10、30a)的紫菜养殖区沉积物总有机碳(TOC)、总无机碳(TIC)、水溶性有机碳(WSOC)及水溶性无机碳(WSIC)含量的空间分布格局进行了研究.近岸养殖区沉积物TOC、WSOC含量高于远岸.沉积物柱样中TOC含量在上层0~20 cm最高,而WSOC含量在下层40~60 cm最高.不同养殖年份的养殖区沉积物WSOC含量有显著差异,最高值出现在养殖30a的水域.近海养殖水域沉积物碳库中TIC含量高于TOC含量,TIC含量占总碳(TC)含量的58%,远岸TIC含量高于近岸.沉积物水溶性碳库以有机碳形式为主,WSOC含量占总水溶性碳库的73%.研究表明,洞头近海紫菜养殖区沉积物中不同形态碳含量的空间分布格局有一定差异,无机碳特别是深层无机碳对近海沉积物中碳的长期固定贡献较大. 相似文献
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环雷州半岛近海表层沉积物有机碳分布及其控制因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对环雷州半岛近海43个海底表层沉积物的总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、沉积介质条件(包括沉积物粒度)进行了分析,探讨了沉积物TOC、TN的区域分布特征以及影响有机碳分布的主要因素。结果表明,环雷州半岛近海海域海底表层沉积物有机碳含量在0~0.79%之间,平均值为0.26%。与中国其它近海海域相比,环雷州半岛大部分近海区域海底表层沉积物有机碳含量明显偏低,为有机质贫乏区,仅雷州半岛西南部流沙湾近海海域为TOC相对高值区。总氮含量也不高,在0.011%到0.100%之间,TOC与TN存在较强的正相关性,且平面上TOC与TN分布高度重合,显示氮元素主要以有机化合物形式存在。TOC/TN比值在5.1~14.3之间,表明沉积有机质具有陆源输入和海洋自生来源的混合特征,但以雷州半岛西侧北部及东侧中部海域受陆源有机质输入影响更大。大多数站位海底沉积物粒度构成以粉砂为主、粘土次之,少数站位以砂质沉积为主。沉积物有机碳含量与粘土及粉砂含量呈弱正相关性,与沉积物pH值、Eh值及砂含量呈弱负相关性,这表明海底沉积物有机质丰度受有机质来源输入、海底氧化还原状态和沉积水动力条件(沉积物粒度)等因素综合控制。 相似文献
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酸化过程对海洋沉积物中有机碳同位素分析的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
海洋沉积物中有机碳同位素(δ13C)可以示踪海洋生态系统中有机质来源,对环境研究具有重要意义。分析沉积物中有机物的δ13C,需要对样品进行酸化,以去除无机碳的影响。由于不同来源的沉积物中无机碳的含量和组份存在差异,需要针对样品性质,优化酸化处理过程。本研究分别选取了无机碳含量不同的温带与热带河口、海湾沉积物样品,比较了3种不同酸化过程对有机物δ13C分析的影响。研究结果表明:方法1(酸洗法)中6%H_2SO_3和1mol/L H_3PO_4对无机碳含量较高的热带河口、海湾样品去除效率较低,而2mol/L HCl去除无机碳酸盐的效果较理想。方法2(酸蒸法)并不适用于无机碳含量较高的热带河口、海湾样品;而对于无机碳含量相对较低的温带河口、海湾样品,9h酸蒸较为适宜。方法3(非原位酸洗)的结果较方法1和方法2偏正,表明其对含13C丰富的有机组分破坏较小,且方法3中残留的酸对δ13C的分析没有影响。因此,方法3是去除海洋沉积物中无机碳较理想的方法。 相似文献
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采用野外连续调查和实验分析方法，连续3年研究了海三菱藨草根际沉积物重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd）生物有效性的主要影响因素（生长季节、pH、P、Eh和DO等）。结果表明，植物不同生长季节的变化影响根际沉积物生物有效性的季节变化。具体表现为：Cu和Pb均在春、夏季可交换态含量较高，生物有效性较高，而秋、冬季可交换态较低，生物有效性较低，但碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化态二者之和也比较高，具有一定的潜在生物有效性；Zn在任何季节的可交换态比例均不高，以有机结合态和残渣态的形态为主，生物有效性较低；Cd一般以残渣态为主，基本不具有生物有效性。pH值下降，春、夏季可交换态和铁锰氧化物结合态增加，而有机结合态和碳酸盐结合态减少，提高了生物有效性，而秋、冬季正好相反；磷对重金属生物有效具有直接影响的为无机磷，春、夏季随着无机磷的减少，pH值下降，提高了生物有效性。春、夏季根际Eh和溶解氧含量增加，降低了其生物有效性。 相似文献
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长江河口及邻近海域表层沉积物中铁溶解和磷释放活性的动力学表征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用溶解动力学实验及活性连续体模型表征了长江河口至东海邻近海域表层沉积物中铁(Fe)和磷(P)的活性。通过动力学数据拟合得到了活性组分的理论含量m0和表观速率常数k。结果表明，Fe(Ⅱ)普遍存在于表层沉积物中，这应是高活性有机络合态Fe(Ⅲ)絮凝/沉淀到沉积物中后快速还原的结果。沉积物中黏土及总有机碳（TOC）含量对Fe(Ⅱ)的m0及其k值起重要控制作用。从长江河口至邻近海域沉积物中Fe(Ⅱ)均以FeCO3形态为主，FeCO3的溶解及与之相结合磷(主要为交换态P和自生P)的释放导致Fe(Ⅱ)和P具有相似的溶解动力学特征。与吸附于Fe(Ⅱ)矿物相的P相比，与Fe(Ⅱ)矿物相共沉淀的P的m0较高，但k较低。与TOC含量较低的粗粒沉积物中的Fe(Ⅲ)相比，TOC含量较高的细粒沉积物中Fe(Ⅲ)的m0值较小，但k值较大。以上特征是Fe不同的氧化还原过程导致的。Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物的含量(m0)和活性(k)总体上控制着与之相结合P的含量(m0)及溶解活性(k)。虽然传统活性Fe形态分析未能揭示出长江河口沉积物中活性Fe的富集作用，但溶解动力学表征结果表明，Fe的絮凝/沉淀导致河口沉积物中活性Fe的明显富集，且该过程主要发生在盐度明显增加的低盐度河口区。 相似文献
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厦门西港表层沉积物的化学特征 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
本文根据1990年厦门西港重要站点的表层沉积物中的重金属(Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg)、有机污染物(总有机碳、石油、DDT、666)和磷(无机磷、有机磷和总磷)等测定资料,讨论了它们的地球化学性质及环境影响。结果表明,沉积物中Pb和Zn含量明显偏高,Pb、cu含量与1983年相比已有一定积累,也产生了有机污染现象。 相似文献
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长江口崇明东滩地貌发育过程中的活性铁变化及环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2002—2003年在崇明东滩采得的CDS、CDM和CDN三个典型沉积物剖面样品,测定了其中的Fe3 、Fe2 、Fe3 /Fe2 以及有机碳、粒度等特征参数,分析了活性铁分布变化特征并对其沉积物氧化还原环境的变化进行了探讨。结果表明Fe3 含量在整个研究区域均是从表层向下逐渐递减的,Fe2 含量逐渐增加。从实验结果判断,所研究区域沉积环境上层以氧化环境为主,呈弱氧化型,中下层以还原环境为主。分析发现其分布变化受粒度、有机碳的影响,氧化还原界面与中、高潮滩划分界大致相当。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献