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基于垂向混合坐标系统的海洋模式HYCOM建立了全球大洋气候态环流场.在此基础上与前人研究工作进行对比,分析和讨论了全球风生大洋环流场的季节变化情况.从模拟结果看该模式具有较好的模拟能力,可以合理地模拟南极绕极流、赤道流系、黑潮和湾流等世界各主要大洋流系.从断面温度场、流函数分布和断面流量场等分析显示:南极绕极流堪称世界最强流,湾流整体强于黑潮,3者都具有夏季增强、冬季减弱的特点.HYCOM模式在国外的研究方兴未艾,而在国内的应用尚处在起步阶段.本文通过对该模式的介绍和结果分析,向读者推荐使用该模式. 相似文献
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全球大洋环流诊断模式研究--流场及流函数 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
基于GFDL的MOM模式建立一个全球大洋环流的诊断模式(R0bust diagnostic model)来研究全球大洋环流.水平空间分辨率1°×1°.垂向分为21层.分别进行月平均和年平均模拟,积分的时间长度为11a.模式水流来自DBDB5(National Geodetic Center,Boulder,Colorado).所用的温度、盐度数据根据Levitus(1994)的资料,表面风应力根据Hellerman and Rosenstem(1983)的全球风场数据插值而来.从模拟结果看,全球大洋中的主要环流结构均得到体现.北太平洋副热带流圈得到合理的模拟,其最大的输运超过50 Sv.北赤道流在12.N附近分为南北两支.北支形成黑潮,而南支为棉兰老海流,在其东边,棉兰老冷涡得到很好的再现.在吕宋海峡有海水进入南海,在南海形成一个气旋式流圈,进而通过南海南部水道流入印度尼西亚海.模拟结果表明南极绕极流和黑潮可以深达底层.湾流则不能深达底层,其下方在1 000～2 000 m深度存在南向的深层流,显示了大西洋深层水的流动. 相似文献
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黑潮——一支世界著名的大洋強流 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
翻开世界大洋的海流图,在北太平洋赤道与付热带区域之间,有一个巨大的顺时针转动的环流系统映入我们的眼帘。这就是由北赤道流-黑潮-黑潮延续体-北太平洋流-加利福尼亚流共同组成的付热带环流。黑潮位于大洋的西部边界,它以流幅窄、流速强、厚度大著称,成为这个大环流系统中最重要的环节。黑潮是与大西洋中的湾流齐名的世界大洋两大强流。 相似文献
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吕宋海峡水交换季节变化的数值研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
提要利用POM(Princeton Ocean Model)对吕宋海峡附近的环流情况进行数值模拟,结果表明,吕宋海峡净流量季节变化明显,除5月和6月为东向净流外,全年自7月至翌年4月皆为西向净流。7月至11月净流量由1.6Sv(1Sv=1×106m3/s)持续增加至14Sv,12月至翌年4月净流量从13.8Sv持续减小至3.1Sv。年平均值为5.7Sv。500m以上,秋、冬季有明显的黑潮分支进入南海,而在春、夏季黑潮南海分支消失或者较弱。在500m以下,黑潮位置由于北赤道流分岔位置的变化而发生南北移动,从而影响黑潮深层入侵南海。作者以保持与表层流速方向相一致的最大深度为界将流场分为上下两层,上层西向(入)流区域占据吕宋海峡南部、中部,秋、冬季范围最大,夏季向中部收缩,其深度空间分布呈东浅西深结构,在吕宋海峡入口处,入流深度呈南北浅中间深的结构。上层东向(出)流主要分布在海峡北部,夏季向南部扩展,范围最大。120.75°E断面除9月和10月外,下层净输运量与上层反方向。9月和10月上、下层净输运量皆为西向。上层年平均净流量为?7.6Sv(这里"?"表示净流量向西,下同),下层为1.8Sv。上层出入流深度随季节上下浮动范围可达数百米,海峡中部入、出流最深可达1800m。 相似文献
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利用三维海洋环流数值模型(Regional Ocean Model System,ROMS)对东中国海海域黑潮流系系统(东中国海黑潮流系)的季节变化和年际变化进行了模拟和研究,给出了东海黑潮流系穿越东海大陆架200 m等深线的体积通量及其变化规律。研究发现,黑潮的西南段,其主轴位置在春、夏季更加偏东;中间段具有最稳定的流径;而东北段则表现出最大的季节性变化。此外,从月平均结果看,黑潮流系穿越东海大陆架200 m等深线的体积通量,时间上表现为,在夏季减到最小,为0.479 6 Sv(1 Sv≡10~6m~3·s~(-1)),冬季达到最大值,为1.69 Sv;空间上表现为在西南段和中间段较大,而东北段较小。这反映了黑潮水与东中国海大陆架水的水交换区位置,在冬季在向岸方向上离黑潮主轴较远,在夏季离主轴较近。通过对长时间模型结果的时间序列分析,揭示了相对与2000年前,2000年后的黑潮在台湾岛东部水体积通量的季节变化呈现出减弱的趋势。 相似文献
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副热带逆流二十年研究概况 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
副热带环流系统(或副热带流涡,Subtropical Gyre)是世界大洋总环流最显著的特征之一。长期以来,人们认为它是一个由单一的顺时针转动(北半球情况)的环流系统(即“单涡”)所组成,其西边界海流(如黑潮或湾流)强而窄,东边界海流(如加利福尼亚海流或Canary流)弱而宽,内区则为微弱的西向流且少变化。70年代发现大洋内区存在着强有力的中尺度涡这一现象剧烈地动摇了人们对大洋环流结构的传统认识。这确实是 相似文献
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琉球海流起源及其变化特征的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用1977年1月～2006年12月高分辨率全球大洋环流模型OFES输出结果,对琉球群岛附近海域水文要素进行了统计分析.结果表明:(1)琉球海流从西南到东北逐渐加强,其中在宫古海峡东侧断面琉球海流流量约为同断面黑潮流量的70％.(2)琉球海流的来源有4部分,分别为台湾以东黑潮的分支、宫古海峡以南的西向流、东海黑潮通过庆良间水道次表层流出的部分以及冲绳群岛和奄美群岛东面的西向流.(3)黑潮的流核主要位于表层至水深400m,而琉球海流的流核主要位于水深200～600m.(4)琉球海流受中尺度涡的影响十分剧烈,纬度越低,其受中尺度涡的影响越明显.(5)琉球海流和黑潮都存在1个约10 a的显著变化周期. 相似文献
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基于南海观测得到的垂向混合率修改KPP垂向混合方案,利用大洋环流模式HYCOM首次模拟得到了吕宋海峡深层环流的空间分布特征,并通过3个不同水平分辨率的实验(1/6(°)、1/12(°)、1/24(°))讨论水平分辨率对模拟吕宋海峡深层环流空间结构的影响。模拟结果表明:(1)1/6(°)水平分辨率过于粗糙,无法分辨巴士海峡和台东海峡地形特征,无法得到吕宋海峡深层环流的空间分布特征;(2)1/12(°)的水平分辨率可以很好的分辨吕宋海峡和台东海峡的地形特征,模拟得到吕宋海峡深层环流的空间分布和流场特征;(3)1/24(°)水平分辨率的模拟结果表明,更高的水平分辨率不会改变吕宋海峡深层环流的空间分布和主要出入口的垂向结构,只是会显示更细节的环流结构。1/12(°)和1/24(°)水平分辨率的模式结果都表明,西北太平洋深层水通过巴士海峡和台东海峡进入吕宋海沟,年平均流量分别为1.1和0.4Sv,然后沿吕宋海沟向南海方向流动,最后主要通过位于恒春海脊上的2个缺口进入南海,年平均流量分别为0.5和0.9Sv。 相似文献
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作为世界两大洋流，黑潮和湾流有许多共同之处，但也有不少差异，其中之一是这两支强流的西侧陆架特征基本上是相反的。在湾流的离岸点——哈特拉斯角以北，陆架比较宽而离岸点以南则很窄。相反，黑潮离岸点——犬吠角以北则陆架很窄，而其南方，从台湾到九州这一段的西侧则有着很宽广的东海陆架。故对于位于副热带大洋西边界流西侧宽陆架上的这一流系的研究，在世界海洋的陆架环流研究中具有独特的意义。基于实际观测到的海流和水文资料，管秉贤［１４］指出，在我国东南近海存在着自海南岛以东海区向东北流经台湾海峡，穿过东海陆架并流向… 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献