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利用一个极地中尺度数值模式(Polar MM5)对北极地区大气环流进行了2005年7月17-19日48 h的中尺度数值模拟研究。数值分析表明,2005年7月19日500 hPa高度上,北冰洋上空北极点以东由一个冷低压控制,在极点以西则是一个暖性高压系统,在地面图上对应的则是一个气旋性环流和反气旋性环流;整个极区呈现出高(反气旋)-低(气旋)-低(气旋)-高(反气旋)的波动分布型态。选择了5个北极地区探空站与相应温度场和风场的数值模拟结果进行了对比;气象变量统计分析和垂直分布表明了数值模式很好地再现了观测大气特征,表现为小的模式偏差和较高的相关系数。在Barrow站2 m处空气温度,感热通量和潜热通量具有明显的日变化特征,PolarMM5还有效地反映出此处极地逆温层和下降风的垂直结构特征。 相似文献
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台风影响下渤海及邻域海面风场演变过程的MM5模拟分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
在装有 L inux操作系统的 PC机上运行美国大气研究中心 ( NCAR)的非静力中尺度大气模式 MM5。运用 MM5的嵌套功能 ,以 30 km水平分辨率对台风 KAI- TAK( 2 0 0 0年第 4号 )影响渤海海区的时段进行数值模拟 ,同时给出了水平分辨率为 10 km的嵌套区内逐时的渤海海面风场。通过对台风中心位置、中心气压、风速分布与雨区分布等要素的模拟结果与实况的比较 ,证实该实验对台风过程的模拟较为成功。嵌套区内渤海海面风场也明显体现出了地形影响的特征。并尝试以T10 6格点资料的三维客观分析场结合高空及地面观测为模式提供初值场 ,6h/次预报场为模式提供时变边界条件 ,对渤海海面风场进行了 2 4 h时预报 相似文献
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大气-海浪耦合模式对台风“碧利斯”的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文将海表粗糙度作为耦合大气、海浪模式的重要因子,实现中尺度大气模式MM5(V3)和第三代海浪模式WAVEWATCHⅢ的双向耦合,建立充分考虑大气、海浪相互作用的大气.海浪耦合模式.将该大气-海浪耦合模式应用于对0604次台风"碧利斯"的数值模拟,在耦合模式中引入Smith92海表粗糙度参数化方案,探讨其对台风和台风浪的影响.研究结果表明,大气-海浪耦合模式能够抓住台风过程的总体特征.Smith92海表粗糙度参数化方案对台风路径影响不大.但在台风系统强度的模拟上影响明显,采用Smith92方案使得台风系统强度显著增强,对台风系统强度的模拟有明显改善.同样,大气-海浪耦合模式能够很好的模拟台风过程中海浪的传播和演变.采用Smith92方案使得海面有效波高明显增高,对海面有效波高的模拟有一定程度改善.因此,在大气-海浪耦合模式中恰当的选择海表粗糙度参数化对改进大气-海浪耦合模式的模拟效果是很有意义的. 相似文献
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本文基于中尺度大气模式MM5、区域海洋模式POM及第三代海浪模式WW3建立了综合考虑海气间动力、热力相互作用的区域海气耦合模式系统.利用耦合模式模拟中国南海的两次典型的台风过程,并利用iasotl-1卫星高度计资料验证耦合模式模拟台风浪的有效性.结果表明:耦合模式能够较好地模拟南海台风的移动和强度,但模拟台风系统略偏弱,耦合模式对正常路径台风的模拟效果优干转向型台风;耦合模式能够模拟出南海台风过程中海浪场的演变特征,模拟结果与iason实测值相关性较好,相对误差在可接受范围;区域海气耦合模式为台风等强天气过程中海洋、气象要素演变特征及海-气界面相互作用过程的研究开辟了一条有效途径. 相似文献
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本文研究0519号"龙王"台风中尺度螺旋雨带结构特征及其与闽东北沿海地区特大暴雨的关系。通过对台风中尺度螺旋雨带特征的分析确定其引发福建暴雨的事实,并采用MM5模式对台风的中尺度降水进行数值模拟。模拟得到的降水分布和强度与实况基本相符,效果较好。在此基础上,我们对此降水过程进行B、C方案的地形敏感性试验,结果表明地形高度增加使迎风坡及山脉东侧的降水增加,地形降低则反之,山脉东侧地势较低地带受地形影响较小,台风降水受地形影响呈现出类重力波式正负相间的降水差值波列形式,但MM5对短时强降水的模拟效果较差。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(10):1841-1851
An unusual region of high meso-scale turbulence has been identified in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. It has been shown that this is the result of eddy shedding from the Antarctic Polar Front. These eddies may dramatically affect the local distribution of marine organisms. To investigate this, the euphausiid community structure and species composition in the region of a cold eddy within the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone (APFZ) was investigated during April 2005. Water masses within the core of the eddy were typically Antarctic, showing they had come from south of the Antarctic Polar Front. Results of numerical analyses indicate that the euphausiid community within the survey area consisted of three distinct groups: those in APFZ waters, those at the edge of the eddy and those in the core of the eddy. These results indicate that eddies generated by the interaction of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current with the South-West Indian Ridge play an important role in transporting Antarctic euphausiid species equatorward, thus contributing to the spatial heterogeneity of the zooplankton community within the region. 相似文献
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针对极地科学考察的实际情况与科学数据管理的迫切需求,对基于XM L的极地数据模型技术进行研究,提出了模型的逻辑设计与物理设计,并以中国第13次南极考察走航气象观测数据进行验证,实现了XM L标准格式的转换。 相似文献
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The Polar Floats Program, an adaptation of midlatitude SOFAR float technology to the polar regions, is used to monitor subsurface circulation patterns over large spatial and temporal scales as well as to track mesoscale features in near realtime. The program is comprised of three major components that are now under development: an 80-Hz float transducer, American and French sea-ice-deployable listening stations using ARGOS data telemetry (ARS and SOFARGOS, respectively), and the software needed for real-time tracking. The adaptation of SOFAR technology to the planar regime demands modifications of the existing design from both environmental and acoustical standpoints. The authors describe the development and use of SOFAR technology within a relatively small sector of the north polar region that encompasses several thousand kilometers around Fram Strait (located between Greenland and Spitsbergen) 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(4):591-607
Nearly 36,000 vertical temperature profiles collected by 15 king penguins are used to map oceanographic fronts south of New Zealand. There is good correspondence between Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) front locations derived from temperatures sampled in the upper 150 m along the penguin tracks and front positions inferred using maps of sea surface height (SSH). Mesoscale features detected in the SSH maps from this eddy-rich region are also reproduced in the individual temperature sections based on dive data. The foraging strategy of Macquarie Island king penguins appears to be influenced strongly by oceanographic structure: almost all the penguin dives are confined to the region close to and between the northern and southern branches of the Polar Front. Surface chlorophyll distributions also reflect the influence of the ACC fronts, with the northern branch of the Polar Front marking a boundary between low surface chlorophyll to the north and elevated values to the south. 相似文献
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Makarevich P. R. Larionov V. V. Vodopyanova V. V. Bulavina A. S. Ishkulova T. G. Venger M. P. Pastukhov I. A. Vashchenko A. V. 《Oceanology》2021,61(6):930-943
Oceanology - This paper describes the comprehensive studies of phytoplankton carried out in April 2018 in the northwestern Barents Sea, in the Polar Front region (74.8°–76.2° N), at... 相似文献
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Mark R. Abbott James G. Richman Jasmine S. Nahorniak Brett S. Barksdale 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2001,48(19-20)
The Antarctic Polar Front is a complex set of meandering jets, which appear to support enhanced primary productivity. The US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study conducted a series of survey and process studies in part to study the processes regulating primary productivity in this high nutrient, low chlorophyll region. We deployed a set of surface velocity drifters, some of which were equipped with bio-optical sensors, to study the temporal and spatial scales of biological and physical processes in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone. There were two primary sets of deployments: November 1997 before the spring bloom and January 1998 after the spring bloom. The November deployment revealed a strong spring bloom that lasted about 10 days. In late spring, when incoming solar radiation began to increase, the vertical motions associated with the meanders strongly affected the accumulation of phytoplankton biomass, primarily through their impact on light availability. Weaker meandering was observed in the January deployment, and chlorophyll values remained relatively constant. As the bloom began to decay, it appears that nutrient availability became more important in regulating phytoplankton photosynthesis. Some of the drifters in the November deployment were deployed in coherent clusters, thus allowing us to calculate vertical velocities associated with the meanders. Estimates of fluorescence/chlorophyll suggest that areas of upwelling and downwelling alternately decrease and increase photosynthetic stress, perhaps as a result of changes in the availability of iron or light during the formation of the bloom. 相似文献
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COARE算法估算海气界面热通量的个例对比分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文先对NCEP分析风、QSCAT/NCEP混合风、MM5中尺度模式分析风场进行了比对分析,发现具有高分辨率的QSCAT/NCEP混合风资料给出的高风速数值较好,但给出的高风速开始时间相对较早;NCEP分析风资料给出的高风速数值明显偏小;MM5分析风场较为可信,只不过模拟的高风速数值还是相对偏小.使用COARE算法（版本3.0）计算了四种资料情况下的渤、黄海海域一次冷空气大风过程的海表面湍流热通量,并与MM5诊断分析结果进行了对比分析.结果发现相同资料情况下,MM5结果跟COARE算法所算海气热通量（包括感热和潜热）在区域分布和时间变化规律上均较为一致,中、低风速情况下,结果比较接近;但是高风速情况下两者差异显著. 相似文献
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A. V. Polyakov Yu. M. Timofeev Ya. A. Virolainen 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2008,44(4):448-458
The spectral aerosol-extinction coefficients (SAECs) obtained from SAGE III measurements are used to study the physical and integral microphysical characteristics of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). Different criteria for PSC identification from SAEC measurements are considered and analyzed based on model and field measurements. An intercomparison of them is performed, and the agreement and difference of the results obtained with the use of different criteria are shown. A new criterion is proposed for PSC identification, which is based on the estimate of how close the measured vector of the spectral attenuation coefficient is to a model distribution of the PSC ensemble. On the basis of different criteria, cases of PSCs are isolated from all SAGE III observations (over 30000). All selection criteria lead to a qualitatively and quantitatively similar space-time distribution of the regions of PSC localization. The PSCs observed in the region accessible to SAGE III measurements are localized in the latitudinal zones 65°–80° in the Northern Hemisphere and 45°–60° in the Southern Hemisphere during the winter-spring period. In the Northern Hemisphere, PSCs are observed within the longitudinal zone 120° W–100° E with the maximum frequency of PSC observation in the vicinity of the Greenwich meridian. In the Southern Hemisphere, the region of PSC observation is almost the same in longitude but with a certain shift in the maximum frequency of PSC observation to the west. This maximum is observed in the vicinity of 40°W, and the region of usual PSC observation is the neighborhood of 60° of the maximum’s longitude. The physical parameters of PSCs are estimated: the mean heights of the lower and upper boundaries of PSCs are 19.5 and 21.9 km, respectively, and the mean cloud temperature is 191.8 K. The integral microphysical parameters of PSCs are estimated: the total surface of NAT particles S NAT = 0.41 μm2/cm3; the total volume of NAT particles V NAT = 1.1 μm3/cm3; and, for all aerosol and cloud particles together, S is 2.9 ± 1.5 at a standard deviation of 2.7 μm2/cm3 and V is 2.8 ± 1.5 at a standard deviation of 4.2 μm3/cm3. A high frequency of PSC occurrence and high values of S and V in PSCs both for all particles and for NAT particles have been noted in January–February 2005 as compared to the rest of the period of SAGE III measurements for 2002–2005. 相似文献
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Seventy-nine total-mercury analyses of seawater samples, collected from the surface down to 5,700 m depth in the northeastern Pacific Ocean and in the South Polar seas, showed a homogeneous distribution of mercury with depth at all stations, although its absolute concentration in the northeastern Pacific (12–30 ng/kg) was 3 to 5 times less than that in the polar waters (50–150 ng/kg). The high concentrations are ascribed to an input of mercury resulting from submarine volcanism.The mercury content was also determined in 8 surface-film samples, 3 sediment cores (0–30 cm), 2 pack-ice samples and 1 sample each of snow and sea smoke. 相似文献
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Abstract. The consequences of the following episodic phenomena for the pelagic-benthic coupling in the Nordic Seas are illustrated: (1) Advection of water masses between fjords and shelf environments, (2) freshwater run-off and vertical stability, (3) dynamics of the marginal ice zone in the central and northern Barents Sea and the Polar Ocean, (4) drift patterns of sinking particles along the North Norwegian coast, (5) advection of zooplankton into subarctic fjords and the southern Barents Sea, zooplankton overwintering and composition, and (6) transport of organic particulate matter from the Barents Sea shelf. It is shown that physical processes in the north-eastern North Atlantic and Polar Ocean can be strongly variable on time scales of days to decades. They have a significant influence on the dynamics of pelagic-benthic coupling. The physical oceanography influences the vertical and horizontal particle flux not only directly (mixing, advection, up- and down-welling), but also indirectly through its impact on the biota (for example radiation, wind, ice cover, freshwater run-off and overwintering, advection and retention of zooplankton). Understanding pelagic-benthic coupling at high latitudes depends even more on a best possible understanding of the physical oceanography and the time scales involved than elsewhere. 相似文献