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1.
1 背景人们通常认为太平洋、费拉隆和菲尼克斯板块早白垩世时期在靠近 Nova-Canton海槽的三联点处汇合。位于 Nova-Canton海槽正西边的 M0磁异常条带证实 ,直到 1 2 1 Ma时这个三联点还存在。三联点向东南发展 ,最后与磁异常条带 3 4和较年轻异常的交叉点重合。磁极性稳定时期 ( 1 2 1～ 84Ma) ,由于没有线性磁异常资料 ,对汇集带的构造演化还没有明确的解释。L arson和 Chase( 1 972 )提出了一个从北到南板块年龄稳步递减的简单模式 ;而 Winterer等和 Joseph等则认为从 Nova-Canton海槽到马尼希基高原南部的三联点地段有一个大的突… 相似文献
2.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(6)
南海北部莺歌海盆地为新生代沉积盆地,地处欧亚板块、太平洋板块和印度-澳大利亚板块交汇处,构造位置独特,复杂的地质构造现象使其形成演化的动力学机制成为国内外研究的热点。同一类型盆地具有相似的构造、沉降、沉积演化历史与成因机制。莺歌海盆地与渭河盆地均位于多板块交汇处,存在长期相对快速沉积、沉降及构造演化迁移等典型走滑型盆地特征。在明确渭河盆地成因机制的基础上,对比两盆地构造、沉降及沉积演化历史,结合莺歌海盆地特殊的构造位置及南海扩张的构造背景,分析得出:莺歌海盆地形成演化和印度-澳大利亚板块与青藏板块碰撞、印支板块逃逸及自身旋转、华南板块向东挤出及太平洋板块俯冲关系密切,受多板块构造活动影响较大,新生代以来先后依次经历左旋走滑、伸展—热沉降—右旋走滑、伸展三大成盆演化期。另外,与渭河盆地相比,莺歌海盆地发育有高温、高压及泥底辟等特殊地质现象,主要受控于热沉降阶段,与渐新世以来(33~15Ma)南海扩张事件具有重要关系。 相似文献
3.
大洋钻探与南海的形成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
南海是太平洋西部边缘海之一。由于其特殊的大地构造位置和复杂的地 质结构，多年来其形成演化一直是地学界研究和争论的焦点。在南海开展大洋钻 探，不仅可以回答南海形成演化方面的一系列问题，而且对于研究边缘海的形成演 化过程和欧亚板块、印一澳板块、太平洋板块的相互作用与影响，以及全球构造运 动都有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
新几内亚-所罗门弧(PN-SL)位于印度-澳大利亚板块与太平洋板块汇聚边界、新特提斯构造域东端。晚白垩世以来,逐渐演化形成复杂的沟-弧-盆-台、俯冲时序完整的俯冲构造体系。受多期次、多类型板块俯冲起始作用的制约,PN-SL俯冲体系深部结构呈现出明显的空间差异性:板块俯冲深度由500 km减小至不足100 km,板块俯冲角度则由70°减小至30°。俯冲体系东侧毗邻的翁通爪哇海台作为世界上最大的海台,其显著的"凸起"构造以及低密度结构,重新塑造了PN-SL俯冲体系的构造格局,但不同于低密度结构俯冲诱发海沟位置后移、俯冲极性反转二元经典模式,弧后所罗门海盆发生反向俯冲的同时,中新世以来呈现出NW向、NE向和SW向的多向俯冲过程。这意味着翁通爪哇海台与PN-SL俯冲体系汇聚形变过程并非仅依据板块密度变化来简单解释,需要考虑其复杂的构造环境和诸多的构造要素。特别是作为岩石圈强度的重要影响因子—俯冲体系流体活动,导致岩石圈强度减弱、熔点降低的同时,伴随板块俯冲向地球深部运移,促使板片脱水并与地幔楔发生水化交代作用,进而改变壳幔物质组成及流变学性质,诱发地幔楔部分熔融和岛弧岩浆活动,是理解板块俯冲构造动力的关键切入点。 相似文献
5.
越南的版图属于欧亚岩石圈板块的东南部，并位于太平洋构造带和特提斯构造带的接合处，由于这种独特的构造位置，越南的成矿带也很不相同，计有前寒武纪陆块，在另里东、海西上印支造山期碰撞形成的古生代和早中生代活动带，各种中一新生代裂谷成因的重新活动的构造，以及产出多种有关矿产资源的现代边缘海。主要褶皱带间的边界往往与古太平洋型和古特提斯型蛇绿岩组合相伴生的深位断裂为标志。 相似文献
6.
太平洋板块、印度板块和欧亚板块的演化对中国东部古近纪沉积盆地的沉降及充填具有控制作用。讨论了我国东部新生代断陷盆地群的深部构造背景,在相对统一的板块构造背景中初步分析了陆缘断陷盆地和陆内断陷盆地的形成演化与周边板块主要构造运动事件的关系,并对这种关系的一致性进行了简要讨论。在此基础上,对不同构造演化阶段内的陆缘和陆内断陷盆地的沉积建造特点和沉降中心迁移规律进行了对比分析,对位于中国东部复杂构造体制内不同位置的陆缘与陆内断陷盆地每个构造演化阶段的沉积响应特征及其一致性和差异性进行了初步研究。将东部陆内和陆缘断陷盆地的沉积建造渐变特征或变异规律与深部构造过程表现进行综合分析,对深入理解我国东部陆相断陷盆地群系的盆间关系,深入认识新生代断陷盆地浅部过程与深部过程之间的耦合具有重要理论意义。 相似文献
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8.
中国东部中朝与华南(或扬子)板块在晚二叠世—三叠纪期间碰撞形成大别-苏鲁超高压造山带,这一碰撞结合带过黄海在朝鲜半岛的延伸方式一直是国内外学者关注的焦点。通过梳理近年关于这一板块边界划分问题的最新研究成果,发现多数成果趋向于认为京畿地块及其以南地区仍属中朝板块,苏鲁造山带并未延伸至整个朝鲜半岛。结合郯庐断裂带中生代活动特征及下扬子区弧形构造的成因分析,支持板块碰撞的嵌入模式,并对嵌入模式的边界带进行了新的修订,即朝鲜半岛大多归属中朝板块,仅京畿地块西南局部归属扬子板块东延。郯庐断裂南段与朝鲜半岛Jooggaryeong断裂在黄海海域的延伸分别为下扬子向中朝板块嵌入的转换边界,两者具有相似的演化特征。印支期这两条断裂为碰撞的转换断裂,燕山期又发生了走滑活动,并向北延伸分叉。 相似文献
9.
莱州湾地区郯庐断裂带的构造特征及其新生代演化 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
郯庐断裂带中段分东西两支从莱州湾进入渤海,在莱州湾地区的构造特征与演化历史一直鲜为人知。通过对横穿研究区的两条地震测线的解释和分析,揭示了该区郯庐断裂带中段在研究区的构造差异,研究表明郯庐断裂带东西两支在该研究区表现出不同的断裂性质,西支断裂表现为正断层,东支断裂表现为走滑断层。郯庐断裂是本研究区的主控断裂,通过对本地区地层形态及其组合、断层的剖面形态和空间展布规律的深入研究,揭示了郯庐断裂带在莱州湾地区新生代以来的构造演化历史:古新世—始新世的伸展阶段、渐新世—中新世早期的挤压和右行走滑阶段、中新世中晚期至今的稳定发展阶段,这几个不同时期的演化阶段主要受太平洋板块运动的方向和速度变化的控制。 相似文献
10.
块体理论起源于大陆,通过与大洋板块学说从空间域、时间域、基本构造单元、驱动力等方面的对比分析认为,该理论也可以延伸并推广到全球范围,使得以大陆地壳为主要研究对象的块体学说,与以大洋地壳为主要研究对象的大洋板块学说遥相呼应并互为补充,使得全球构造理论体系趋于完善。块体理论对中国海陆构造格架演化的有效应用是勾画出了"块体构造理论"的最基本框架体系。由此得出块体的主要地学特征:首先是在块体内需要一个可以成为内核的生长中心(一般是年代古老的块体核心——元古代甚至是太古代),其后是在古老内核周边出现岩浆活动以及活化的造山带,两者逐渐依附于或是粘贴在块体核心部位的外围,使块体在后来的演化过程中体量不断增长,直到出现新的崩裂(形成新的块体)或是与其他块体一起汇聚于未来的超级大陆。其次是明确了块体的边界有3种基本类型:对区域构造有控制作用的深大断裂、主动型大陆边缘和被动型大陆边缘。块体的一般地质构造演化阶段也可以分为胚胎期、幼年时期、成长发育时期、衰亡期4个主要阶段,这4个阶段构成了块体地质演化的一个完整的生命周期。 相似文献
11.
Peter Lonsdale 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1977,3(3):295-315
The geography of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) between 10°N and 6°S, redetermined by new surface ship surveys, is characterized by long spreading axes orthogonal to infrequent transform faults. Near 2°10N the EPR is intersected by the Cocos-Nazca spreading center at the Galapagos triple junction. The present pattern was established 27-5.5 m.y.b.p. by a complex sequence of rise-crest jumps and reorientations from a section of the Pacific-Farallon plate boundary. Transverse profiles of the rise flanks can be matched by thermal contraction curves for aging lithosphere, except between the triple junction and 4°S, where the east flank is anomalously shallow and almost horizontal. Most sections of spreading axis have the 10–30 km wide, 100–400 m high, axial ridge that is characteristic of fast spreading centers. However, within 60 km of the triple junction the rise crest structure is atypical, with an axial rift valley and elevated rift mountains, despite a spreading rate of 140 mm/yr. With the exception of this atypical section, the bathymetric profile along the spreading axis is remarkably even, with continuous, gentle slopes for hundreds of kilometers between major transform faults, where step-like offsets in axial depths occur. Most of the observations can be accommodated by a model in which the long spreading axes are underlain by continuous crustal magma chambers that allow easy longitudinal flow of magma, and whose size controls the style and dimensions of EPR crestal topography.Contribution of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, new series. 相似文献
12.
Patriat Philippe Sauter Daniel Munschy Marc Parson Lindsay 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1997,19(6):457-480
The study of very low-spreading ridges has become essential to ourunderstanding of the mid-oceanic ridge processes. The Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) , a major plate boundary of the world oceans, separating Africa fromAntarctica for more than 100 Ma, has such an ultra slow-spreadingrate. Its other characteristic is the fast lengthening of its axis at bothBouvet and Rodrigues triple junctions. A survey was carried out in thespring of 1993 to complete a multibeam bathymetric coverage of the axisbetween Atlantis II Fracture Zone (57° E) and the Rodrigues triplejunction (70° E). After a review of what is known about the geometry,structure and evolution of the SWIR, we present an analysis of the newalong-axis bathymetric data together with previously acquiredacross-axis profiles. Only three transform faults, represented byAtlantis II FZ, Novara FZ, and Melville FZ, offset this more than 1000 kmlong section of the SWIR, showing that the offsets are more generallyaccommodated by ridge obliquity and non-transform discontinuities. From comparison of the axial geometry, bathymetry, mantle Bouguer anomaly and central magnetic anomaly, three large sections (east of Melville FZ, between Melville FZ and about 65°30 E, and from there to the Rodrigues triple junction) can be distinguished. The central member, east of Melville FZ, does not resemble any other known mid-oceanic ridge section: the classical signs of the accretion (mantle Bouguer anomaly, central magnetic anomaly) are only observed over three very narrow and shallow axis sections. We also apply image processing techniques to the satellite gravity anomaly map of Smith and Sandwell (1995) to determine the off-axis characteristics of the Southwest Indian Ridge domain, more especially the location of the triple junction and discontinuities traces. We conclude that the large-scale segmentation of the axis has been inherited from the evolution of the Rodrigues triple junction. 相似文献
13.
The structural development of the central North Fiji Basin triple junction is revealed in SeaMARC II sidescan imagery. All three limbs have unique morphotectonic characteristics and the adjacent sea-floor fabric is oblique to the limb axes. The triple junction is interpreted to be a recent phenomenon and to have formed by a discrete jump to its present site. 相似文献
14.
The Woodlark triple junction region, a topographically and structurally complex triangular area of Quaternary age, lies east of Simbo Ridge and southwest of the New Georgia island group, Solomon Islands, at the junction of the Pacific, Australian and Solomon Sea plates. SeaMARC II side-scan imagery and bathymetry in conjunction with seismic reflection profiles, 3.5 kHz records, and petrologic, magnetic and gravity data show that the active Woodlark spreading centre does not extend into this region.South of the triple junction region, the Woodlark spreading centre reoriented at about 2 Ma into a series of short ESE-trending segments. These segments continued to spread until about 0.5 Ma, when the lithosphere on their northern sides was transferred from the Solomon Sea plate to the Australian plate. Simultaneously the Simbo transform propagated northwards along the western side of the transferred lithosphere, forming a trench-trench-transform triple junction located NNW of Simbo island and a new leaky plate boundary segment that built Simbo Ridge.As the Pacific plate approached, the area east of northern Simbo Ridge was tilted northwards, sheared by dominantly right-lateral faults, elevated, and intruded by arc-related magmas to form Ghizo Ridge. Calc-alkalic magmas sourced beneath the Pacific plate built three large strato-volcanic edifices on the subducting Australian plate: Simbo at the northern end of Simbo Ridge, and Kana Keoki and Coleman seamounts on an extensional fracture adjoining the SE end of Ghizo Ridge.A sediment drape, supplied in part from Simbo and Kana Keoki volcanoes, mantles the east-facing slopes of northern Simbo and Ghizo Ridges and passes distally into sediment ponded in the trench adjoining the Pacific plate. As a consequence of plate convergence, parts of the sediment drape and pond are presently being deformed, and faults are dismembering Kana Keoki and Coleman seamounts.The Woodlark system differs from other modern or Tertiary ridge subduction systems, which show wide variation in character and behaviour. Existing models describing the consequences of ridge subduction are likely to be predictive in only a general way, and deduced rules for the behaviour of oceanic lithosphere in ridge subduction systems may not be generally applicable. 相似文献
15.
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin S. Sutisna T. Padmasari K. J. Villanueva J. Kahar 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):291-304
Indonesia has maritime boundaries with 10 countries namely: Australia, Timor Leste, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Palau, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. Many treaties have been ratified concerning these boundaries. Unfortunately, many coordinates of boundary points mentioned in the treaties are not clear in relation to their geodetic datum. The uncertainty in geodetic datum of boundary points introduces complications and problems in spatial management of Indonesia's maritime boundaries, since it can displace the boundary lines from their assumed true location. This study investigates the possible original geodetic datums for the maritime boundaries between Indonesia and neighboring countries, in the case they are not explicitly stated in the treaties. The displacements of boundaries in WGS84 datum are generally in the order of a few hundred meters, i.e., about 200 to 400 m, depending on the assumed original geodetic datum being considered. These boundary displacements are spatially advantageous for Indonesia in some cases and also disadvantageous in others. The study will sum up with some conclusions and recommendations. 相似文献
16.
The southern end of the Shackleton Fracture Zone is subducted below the South Shetland forearc, while the basal detachment of the forearc continues eastward of the Shackleton ridge as a thrust fault. The western boundary between the Antarctic/Scotia plates is located at the eastern margin of the Shackleton ridge, where an elongated depositional basin and a morphological trough delineates the contact. The boundary of the Antarctic/Scotia plates and the South Shetland forearc form a triple junction at the intersection of the Shackleton Fracture Zone with the trench, between these two plates, and an independent South Shetland block. 相似文献
17.
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin S. Sutisna T. Padmasari K. J. Villanueva J. Kahar 《Marine Geodesy》2005,28(4):291-304
Indonesia has maritime boundaries with 10 countries namely: Australia, Timor Leste, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Palau, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. Many treaties have been ratified concerning these boundaries. Unfortunately, many coordinates of boundary points mentioned in the treaties are not clear in relation to their geodetic datum. The uncertainty in geodetic datum of boundary points introduces complications and problems in spatial management of Indonesia's maritime boundaries, since it can displace the boundary lines from their assumed true location. This study investigates the possible original geodetic datums for the maritime boundaries between Indonesia and neighboring countries, in the case they are not explicitly stated in the treaties. The displacements of boundaries in WGS84 datum are generally in the order of a few hundred meters, i.e., about 200 to 400 m, depending on the assumed original geodetic datum being considered. These boundary displacements are spatially advantageous for Indonesia in some cases and also disadvantageous in others. The study will sum up with some conclusions and recommendations. 相似文献
18.
The junction between oceanic crust generated, within the Antarctic plate, at the Southeast Indian Ridge and the Southwest Indian Ridge has been studied using a SEABEAM swathe bathymetry mapping system and other geophysical techniques between the Indian Ocean Triple Junction (approximately 25°S, 70° E), and a point some 500 km to the southwest (at 28°25 S, 66°35 E). The morphotectonic boundary which marks this trace of the ridge-ridge-ridge triple junction is complex and varies with age. Recent theories proposing a cyclicity of volcanic and tectonic processes at this mode of triple junctions appear to be supported by a series of regularly spaced, en echelon escarpments facing the slowly spreading (0.6 to 0.8 cm a-1, half rate) Southwest Indian Ridge axis. The en echelon escarpments intersect at approximately right angles with the regularly spaced oceanic spreading fabric formed on the Antarctic plate at the Southeast Indian Ridge and together locally flank uplifted northward-pointing corner sections of ocean floor. The origins for the localised elevations are unclear, but may relate to intermittent and/or alternating rifting and volcanic episodes. Variations of degree of asymmetry and/or obliquity in spreading on the Central Indian Ridge and the Southwest Indian Ridge are suggested to explain detailed structural changes along the triple junction trace. It is suggested that discontinuities of the trace may be related to an intermittent development of new spreading centres beneath the most easterly part of the Southwest Indian Ridge, coupled with a more continuous process beneath the faster spreading Central Indian Ridge (2 to 2.5 cm a-1) and the Southeast Indian Ridge (2.5 to 3 cm a-1). A detailed history of triple junction evolution may be thus inferred from basic morphological and structural mapping along the three triple junction traces. 相似文献
19.
内波吸引子的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
密度稳定层结的流体中产生的内波沿着由内波固有频率、流体浮力频率等因素所确定的特征线(或内波射线)传播。边界上的反射不改变内波的频率,从而也不改变反射后的内波特征线与重力方向所成的夹角。侧边界倾斜的封闭容器内,内波能量沿特征线传播的过程中经侧壁、表面和底面的反射可能会集中在一个封闭的轨道上,形成内波吸引子。该现象已经得到水槽试验、线性理论和数值试验的验证。本文利用非线性非静压的环流模式MITgcm,模拟了二维封闭区域中(1,1)-吸引子和(2,1)-吸引子的形成过程,并讨论初值条件对它们的影响。稳定的(1,1)-吸引子其极限环两侧流速出现很强的剪切流。当减小地形的坡度时,由于线性因素的增加,吸引子的结构不变,但吸引子厚度在相空间中的收缩速度加快。对于(2,1)-吸引子,由于轨道所成的两个环中间的节点耗散了部分能量,吸引子的收敛速度较慢。节点处,流体速度始终为0,但存在强烈混合,流体浮力频率呈现振幅较大的周期变化。 相似文献
20.
《Marine Policy》2017
Treaties, establishing boundaries to exclusive economic or exclusive fisheries zones, are generally based on environmental and economic circumstances. They delimit maritime entitlements, which are dependent upon coastal geography and they must, as a matter of law, represent equitable solutions. All perpetual treaties are based on the assumption that the circumstances leading to the conclusion of a treaty remain current as long as the treaty is enforceable. However, climate-related changes - such as sea level rise, coastal erosion, extreme weather events, ocean warming and ocean acidification - are altering the environmental circumstances that are essential to many maritime boundary agreements.An unforeseen fundamental change of circumstances can be invoked as grounds for terminating a treaty when the change relates to an essential basis of the treaty and radically transforms the obligations still to be performed. However, a fundamental change cannot justify termination of a treaty if it is caused by the party invoking it or if the treaty establishes a boundary. This rule is codified in Article 62 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.Treaties delimiting sovereign rights to fisheries are not actual boundary treaties because the travaux préparatoires suggest that the boundary exclusion covers only boundaries delimiting territorial sovereignty. Furthermore, the reason for excluding boundary treaties - the need for permanence and stability - is less pertinent for maritime frontiers that fluctuate until settled through treaties or adjudication. Therefore, maritime boundaries can be subject to termination when their essential basis is affected by fundamental environmental changes. 相似文献