共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
研究了由球形红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomlonas sphaeroides)、噬菌蛭弧菌(Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus)及黏红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)制成的4种微生态制剂对中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)育苗水质的影响.结果表明,试验组与对照组相比都能明显净化水质,试验组中以添加噬菌蛭弧菌和黏红酵母组的效果最差,添加球形红假单胞茵和噬茵蛭弧茵组的效果最好,此组水质的pH值稳定,NH4+-N明显下降,而亚硝酸盐、化学需氧量及硫化物等指标也优于其他试验组.统计分析显示,试验组与对照组相比,细菌数降低了3个数量级,添加嗜菌蛭弧菌试验组在减少异养茵(包含有害细菌)方面效果较好.同时用鳗弧菌攻毒,在5 d内,对照组的死亡率显著高于试验组(P<0.05),试验组免疫保护率为29.4%～58.5%,以添加嗜菌蛭弧菌和球形红假单胞菌组最高.建议联合使用噬菌蛭孤菌和球形红假单胞菌,混合密度初步定为2×105个/mL. 相似文献
2.
几种海洋溶藻菌溶藻效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择海南三亚红沙港易发赤潮--塔马亚历山大藻(Alexandriumtamarense)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonemacostatum)做为实验藻类,从三亚红沙港海域筛选的海洋细菌中分离出一株溶藻细菌,编号为B7和已发现具有抑藻作用的:恶臭假单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌、巨大芽孢杆菌作为实验材料与两种藻共同培养表现的牛态关系的差异性.结果表明:在实验室条件下,分别在藻细胞生长的延滞期和指数期加入细菌过滤液,发现4种海洋细菌的过滤液对两种藻生长有不同的抑制作用效果.同时文中对海洋细菌抑藻作用机理、赤潮的生物防治可能性进行了讨论. 相似文献
3.
本实验研究4种单胞藻与海洋红酵母(Rhodomonas sp.)搭配以及单胞藻混合投喂对刺参浮游幼虫体长生长及变态存活率的影响。采用三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)、小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closteriumf.minutissima)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)和等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)与海洋红酵母分别以1∶0、0.8∶0.2、0.6∶0.4、0.4∶0.6、0.2∶0.8和0∶1的比例搭配投喂刺参浮游幼虫,观测浮游幼虫每天的体长变化以及变态成活率。结果表明,单胞藻与海洋红酵母以适当比例混合投喂能提高刺参幼虫的体长日增长率,单独投喂海洋红酵母的刺参变态成活率也显著高于单独投喂单胞藻组。采用2种单胞藻以0.5∶0.5的比例混合投喂浮游幼虫,结果表明牟氏角毛藻与小新月菱形藻混合投喂组刺参浮游幼虫的变态成活率高于牟氏角毛藻与等鞭金藻的混合组。 相似文献
4.
海洋光合细菌的分离鉴定及其生长条件的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用红色硫细菌培养基从青岛沿海潮间带海泥中分离出8株光合细菌,经鉴定菌株HD_1属最小着色菌(Chromatium minutissimum),HD_2、HD_4为细着色菌(Chromatium gracile);菌株SL_1、SL_1x、PL_1和PL_2为嗜酸红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas acidophila),菌株HCx为沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonaspalustris)。分离菌株均具运动性,不需生长因子。菌株HD_1、HD_2和HD_4在厌氧光照条件下利用硫化物,且在细胞内贮存硫粒。菌株HD_1、HD_2的最适盐度为4.0％,最适pH为7.0,8.0。当培养基中硫化物含量为0.01—0.04％时,菌株HD_1、HD_4生长良好。菌株PL_2在初始pH为6时生长最好。酵母膏对菌株HCx具有明显的促生长作用。 相似文献
5.
由青岛沿岸潮间带表层沉积物分离出４株光合细菌，经鉴定属于荚膜红假单胞菌（Ｐｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｃａｐｓｕｌａｔａ）（菌株ＨＤ３、ＲＳ、ＭＤ２）和球形红假单胞菌（Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐｈｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ）（菌株ＰＳ２－２）。光照厌氧培养生长实验表明ＨＤ３的最适盐度为Ｓ＝１５～２５，ＰＳ２－２为一淡水菌株。菌株ＨＤ３的最适ＰＨ范围为６．３５～８．３。ＨＤ３、ＲＳ均不能利用硫化物且其生长受较高浓度的硫化物抑制。 相似文献
6.
红色无硫细菌处理高浓度鱼品废水的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从城市生活污水的沉降污泥中分离出三株红色无硫细菌,经鉴定R1为胶质红假单胞菌(Rhodopscudomonas gelatinosa),R2为沼泽红假单胞菌(R palustris)、RS-1为红螺属(Rhodosprillum)的一种。R1与R2均为兼性需氧和兼性光能利用菌,RS-1为专性厌氧光合菌。作者提出了它们的主要生理、生化特性和最适生长条件,最后确定R1、R2是较有利用前途的优势种类。作者利用上述分离的菌株对高浓度的鱼品废水进行了净化处理试验,得出R1对CODcr的去除率约为65％,R2的去除率为74％以上。二者混合使用可提高至87％。作者还发现废水中的非光合性杂生菌有助于提高光合细菌的净化力。 相似文献
7.
本研究以海洋微藻——赤潮藻海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)与饵料藻青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis)为研究对象,采用单培养和共培养的方法,研究二者间的竞争关系,并在此基础上研究海洋卡盾藻去藻过滤液和藻细胞裂解液对青岛大扁藻的化感作用,同时进一步探讨两种海洋微藻间的化感作用对UV-B辐射增强的响应。结果显示:共培养条件下,海洋卡盾藻在2个高浓度下对青岛大扁藻的生长产生显著抑制(P0.05);海洋卡盾藻去藻过滤液和藻细胞裂解液对青岛大扁藻的生长也具有显著抑制作用(P0.05),且藻细胞裂解液的抑制作用更强,说明海洋卡盾藻对青岛大扁藻产生化感作用,且通过细胞间直接接触传递的化感物质多于通过介质传递的。不同密度比例的2种藻共培养组用UV-B辐射(2.16J/m2)处理后,海洋卡盾藻对青岛大扁藻生长的化感作用有所减弱。 相似文献
8.
三株光合细菌应用于对虾饲料及其养殖效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
光合细菌（ＰｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃＢａｃｔｅｒｉａ简称ＰＳＢ）作为一类能充分利用光能和各种低分子有机物生长繁殖的微生物，由于其独特的生理功能和菌体内所含的丰富营养，已引起环保、水产及其有关部门的广泛重视。为了进一步探讨光合细菌在水产养殖中的作用，我们在１９８７～１９８９年对沼泽红假单胞菌（Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｐａｌｕｓｔｒｉｓ）在中国对虾饲料和脊尾白虾、中国对虾育苗中的作用进行初步探讨的基础上，又进一步分离了球形红假单胞菌Ｒ．ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ和荚膜红假单胞菌Ｒ．ｃａｐｓｕｃ… 相似文献
9.
为研究与生物膜相关的海洋细菌的多样性,在青岛近海海域,选取黏管藻、裙带菜、囊藻和浒苔4种大型海藻,分离其附生海洋细菌。使用2216E、海水R2A、TCBS和海水琼脂4种培养基平板,分离纯化得到99株海洋细菌。16SrD-NA序列分析表明,变形菌门细菌在数量、种类等方面,均占主导地位。这些菌株绝大多数为变形菌门的γ-变形菌纲(94株)和α-变形菌纲(3株),仅有1株为放线菌门,1株为厚壁菌门。其中丰度最高的3个属分别为假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas,22株)、弧菌属(Vibrio,20株)和盐单胞菌属(Halomonas,15株),其次为食烷菌属(Alcanivorax,9株)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter,8株)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,7株)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas,5株)、交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas,4株),其它9个属丰度较低。本研究为进一步探讨与生物膜相关的海洋细菌的多样性及其应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
孔石莼与2 种海洋微藻的胞外滤液交叉培养研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在实验室条件下,采用海洋大型海藻石莼(Ulva pertusaKjellm.)和海洋微藻青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandicaKylin var.tsingtaoensis)、亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense(Lebour)Balech)的滤液做了交叉培养研究,初步探索藻间的克生机制。试验结果表明,不同温度处理下,2种微藻滤液对石莼生长的影响均有显著的差异。不同温度处理的石莼滤液对青岛大扁藻生长的影响差异显著,而对亚历山大藻生长的影响差异不显著。可以推测:石莼对亚历山大藻的抑制作用很可能是通过细胞的直接接触来完成的;而石莼对青岛大扁藻的抑制作用和两种微藻对石莼的抑制作用主要是通过分泌胞外产物(Extracellular products,ECP)来实现的,至于其它的方式和途径有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
11.
The impacts of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Alexandrium catenella Balech, causative species of the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea, were studied under laboratory conditions. According to bloom densities, the effects of monoculture and mixture of the two species were examined on the egg-hatching success of Argopecten irradians Lamarck, and the population growth of Brachionus plicatilis Müller and Moina mongolica Daday. The results showed that monoculture of A. catenella had a significant inhibition on the egg hatching success of A. irradians, and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The median effective densities (ED_50) inhibiting the egg hatching success of A. irradians for 24 h and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica for 96 h were 800, 630, and 2 400 cells/cm3, respectively. Monoculture of P. donghaiense has no such inhibitory effect on the egg hatching success of A. irradians; P. donghaiense at lower suitable densities could sustain the population growth of B. plicatilis (1×104~3×104cells/cm3) and M. mongolica (2×104~5×104cells/cm3); P. donghaiense at higher densities had significantly adverse effect on the population growth of B. plicatilis (4×104~10×104cells/cm3) and M. mongolica (10×104cells/cm3). When the two algae were mixed according to bloom densities, P. donghaiense at suitable densities to some extent could decrease the toxicity of A. catenella to B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The results indicated that the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea could have adverse effect on zooplankton, and might further influence the marine ecosystem, especially when there was also Alexandrium bloom. 相似文献
12.
Our laboratory study concerns the competitive interaction between two marine rotifer species Brachionus plicatilis and Brachionus rotundiformis at five algal (Nannochloropsis salina) concentrations (0.4×106 to 32.4×106 cells/ml) and at four initial inoculation densities (numerically, 100% B. plicatilis; 75% B. plicatilis and 25% B. rotundiformis, 50% each of the two species; 25% B. plicatilis and 75% B. rotundiformis and 100% B. rotundiformis. The initial biomass varied as 0.33 and 0.22 μg/ml for B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis respectively. Experiments were performed at (25±1)℃. Population densities were enumerated and the medium was changed daily up to 8 d in the experiment. At the lowest food level tested, B. rotundiformis formed superior competitor than B. plicatilis, regardless of starting inoculation density. Generally when the food concentrations increased, B. plicatilis showed a greater increase in biomass than B. rotundiformis. B. rotundiformis formed the largest in population growth, regardless of increasing food concentrations. When grown alone, B. plicatilis reached peak abundances of (1.311 5±0.028) and (137.5±0.014) μg/ml at low and high food densities respectively. The corresponding values of B. rotundiformis were 0.724 5±0.016 and 18.15±0.021. The adverse effects of B. rotundiformis on the peak abundances of B. plicatilis were observed at the lowest food level and higher initial density. The rate of population growth in controls varied from (0.792±0.162) to (1.482±0.132) μm/d for B. plicatilis and (0.445±0.041) to (0.856±0.012) μm/d for B. rotundiformis, depending on food level. When both species were introduced together, low food levels favoured higher abundance of B. rotundiformis than B. plicatilis, suggesting that increased population density of the smaller B. rotundiformis was more successfull than larger B. plicatilis in brackish waters. Our work reveals that available food (type and quantity) along with starting inoculation density had significant effect on the interspecific competition between marine sibling rotifer species in zooplankton community structure. 相似文献
13.
不同饵料对真鲷稚鱼消化酶活性的影响 总被引：31，自引：2，他引：29
用轮虫、水丝蚓、鱼糜和配合饲料投喂40日龄的真鲷稚鱼,2d天后蛋白酶比活力以轮虫组为最高,鱼糜组次之,水丝蚓和配合饲科组活性极低;淀粉酶比活力以配合饲料组最高,轮虫和鱼糜组次之,水丝蚓蛆最低;脂肪酶比活力以配合饲料组最高,轮虫和水丝蚓组次之,鱼糜组最低.由试验结果看出,淡水的水丝蚓和以植物蛋白为主的配合饲料并非真鲷稚鱼的合适蛋白源;淀粉酶的活性明显受食物诱导,脂肪酶活性与食物脂肪含量呈负相关.研究结果对真鲷稚鱼投饵及配合饲料研制等有指导意义. 相似文献
14.
几种饵料浮游动物脂肪酸组成分析及营养效果评价 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文采用气相色谱分析法对海水鱼类育苗常用的4种饵料浮游动物的脂肪酸组成和含量进行了测定分析.结果表明卤虫无节幼虫、皱褶臂尾轮虫、蒙古裸腹溞和太平洋纺锤水蚤的粗脂肪含量分别占其体重的21.54％、9.70％、6.67％和4.66％.单不饱和脂肪酸的含量排序分别为蒙古裸腹溞＞纺锤水蚤＞轮虫＞卤虫；多不饱和脂肪酸含量则为卤虫＞裸腹溞＞轮虫＞纺锤水蚤.此外，太平洋纺锤水蚤尚含有C226(DHA)高不饱和脂肪酸，这在其它饵料生物中并未检出.卤虫无节幼虫和褶皱臂尾轮虫的脂肪酸组成中，油酸(C181)、亚油酸(C182)和亚麻酸(C183)占有较大比例，而二十碳以上的不饱和脂肪酸含量很低.文中讨论了脂肪酸组成和含量与营养效果的关系. 相似文献
15.
褶臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis O.F. Müller，以下简称Bp)和圆形臂尾轮虫(B.rotundiformis Tschugunoff，简称Br)(Segers，1995)是轮虫门(Rotifera)单卵巢纲(Monogononta)的两个海水种或半咸水种，过去曾分别被认为是褶皱臂尾轮虫的L型和S型品系，现统称为褶皱臂尾轮虫复合种(B.plicatilis complex)(Yufera，2001)。由于该种分布广，在世界范围内被广泛用作多种海水鱼的种苗培育的重要开口饵料，因而成为单卵巢纲中最具经济意义和极受各国研究者关注的种类。作为单卵巢纲轮虫的共同特征Bp和Br轮虫进行无性生殖(或孤雌生殖)兼有性生殖，两种生殖世代交替发生而完成其生活周期，休眠卵即是有性生殖的最终产物——卵膜加厚的受精卵(King et al，1977a，b；Snell，1987).在实际生产中，休眠卵是轮虫储存、运输和孵化应用的最理想形式；而在生物学意义上，它不仅是轮虫用以抵抗或度过不良环境期，并向新的生存空间散布或拓展的特殊生活阶段，而且可通过一定时间的休眠和一定条件下的孵化，决定着下一生活周期的起始，从而控制着轮虫生活周期的节奏。尤其是休眠卵经孵化而启动新一轮无性生殖世代，一方面承传和实现了前一世代的遗传特性和基因重组结果，另一方面也为轮虫的生殖表现和遗传特性得以在新环境下产生新的适应性变化提供了条件。鉴于上述重要的实际和理论意义，多年来对休眠卵的休眠与孵化的研究深受各国学者的重视。Gilbert(1974)、 Pourriot等(1983)已就国际上的有关研究进行了详细综述，最近席贻龙等(1999)结合国内的有关报道对该领域的进展亦作了进一步概括。这些论述均泛指单卵巢纲诸多种类的休眠与孵化问题，且多数结果来自淡水轮虫的研究。本文的讨论将主要针对海水或半咸水的褶皱臂尾轮虫复合种，就有关调控或影响其休眠卵孵化的各种内、外因子及其作用机理的研究概况作一综述。 相似文献
16.
Microbial communities flourish at gas hydrate occurrences in ocean sediments. Studies are reported in this paper on the laboratory production, separation, characterization and hydrate catalysis of biosurfactants from cultures of the Bacillus subtilis bacterium associated with Gulf of Mexico gas-hydrate accumulations. The B. subtilis bacterium from ATCC 21332 species was cultured anaerobically with glucose as carbon-source to produce surfactin, one of the more potent surface active agents known. The surface-active agent was removed from the broth in foam created by bubbling inert gas through the mixture, and biosurfactant was then recovered from the collapsed-foam distilled water solution by acid precipitation and dichloromethane extraction. According to HPLC spectra, five surfactin isomers were identified in the sample of laboratory-generated biosurfactant. Recovered surfactin was then used to perform gas-hydrate formation studies in porous media saturated with the surfactin-water solution. Gas-hydrate induction time and formation rate determinations showed that the anaerobically-produced biosurfactants catalyzed hydrate formation markedly. The tests suggest prolific surfactin production by the B. subtilis bacterium and of other species under prevailing anaerobic conditions around seafloor gas hydrates that promotes hydrate formation and the propensity of the bioproduct to be dispersed in the porous media by natural gas vents. 相似文献
17.
Sooji Shimura Yukuya Yamaguchi Yusho Aruga Yoshihiko Fujita Shun-ei Ichimura 《Journal of Oceanography》1978,34(5):181-188
Extracellular release of photosynthetic products by a pelagic blue-green alga,Trichodesmium thiebautii, was scrutinized in relation to pre-treatments in14C-method for measuring the primary productivity.The extracellular release increased markedly by the pre-treatments with such strong fixative solutions as formaldehyde and mercuric chloride. In such a case, the amount of extracellular fraction reached even almost 78 % of the total photosynthates. The extracellular release of photosynthates was dependent both on light intensity and on physiological state of algal cells. When photosynthesis was terminated by a fixative, the extracellular release was noticed even just after the fixation, and it increased with time. Thus, it appears to be difficult to deduce the real photosynthetic production capacity from the amount of cellular fraction only.The amount of extracellular fraction for unfixed samples filtered immediately after the incubation was less than 8 % of the total photosynthetic products inT. thiebautii. This value is nearly comparable to the amount of excretion reported in many cultured algae. 相似文献
18.
19.
一株产褐藻酸多糖的海洋假单胞细菌Pseudomonas sp.QDA的筛选和鉴定 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据已获褐藻酸多糖生物合成基因簇中褐藻胶裂解酶基因(αlgL)的序列设计特异性引物，利用PCR技术从海洋微生物中筛选到1株能够分泌胞外多糖的细菌。采用形态学观察和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株，结果为假单胞属细菌，命名为Pseudomonas sp.QDA；系统发育树显示该菌株与P.putida亲缘关系最近。菌株产生的胞外多糖可被褐藻胶裂解酶(AlgL)降解，并在紫外234nm处检测到特征性吸收，初步证明含有褐藻酸多糖。 相似文献
20.
从红树植物红海榄叶片中分离一株对芘具有较好降解作用的海洋细菌,命名为B11,并对其菌体特征、生长条件及降解效能等进行了系统研究。结果发现该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,结合其生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列比对,表明此菌株属于交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas sp.)。菌株在芘的起始浓度为100 mg/L,pH为中性或偏碱性条件下,盐度35时对芘的降解作用最强。外加碳源对B11对芘的降解效果都具有一定的抑制作用,其中水杨酸的抑制作用更为显著。综合菌株B11的生长特性和降解效能,初步认为B11菌株较适合用于降解多环芳烃芘,可用于红树植物多环芳烃生态污染的原位修复。 相似文献