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1.
为了反演珠江口过去环境的厌氧氨氧化活动状况,本文分析了来自珠江口3个站位的柱状沉积物中梯烷脂的含量,在所有的样品中均检测到了梯烷脂,表明珠江口地区存在厌氧氨氧化活动。P03沉积柱的梯烷脂总含量为0.16~4.13μg/g,L1为0.15~1.3μg/g,C2T为0.07~2.19μg/g。梯烷脂的垂直分布特征表明3个沉积柱中厌氧氨氧化细菌的来源可能不同,P03沉积柱中梯烷脂可能主要来源于沉积物中的厌氧氨氧化细菌,而L1梯烷脂可能来自上层水体和沉积物,C2T的厌氧氨氧化活动可能主要发生在底层缺氧水体中。将梯烷脂与总有机碳(TOC)作相关性分析,结果显示在TOC含量高的柱状样中,两者相关性好,TOC校准后的梯烷脂与原梯烷脂的分布趋势的一致性,表明梯烷脂含量能够指示厌氧氨氧化活动。对珠江口过去的厌氧氨氧化活动的重建表明P03站位沉积物中厌氧氨氧化活动自1970—1990增强,L1站位的厌氧氨氧化活动近十年来亦逐年增强,C2T站位上覆水体的厌氧氨氧化活动则呈现近几年快速增强的趋势。虽然本研究仅初步探讨了近些年来珠江口厌氧氨氧化活动的变化规律,但为进一步研究珠江口氮循环过程提供了良好的基础。 相似文献
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电感耦合等离子体质谱测定海水中的锂、铷、硼、锶 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定海水中的Li、Rb、B、Sr 不需要像痕量元素一样采用复杂的分离富集方法, 去除基体元素,富集目标元素, 而是直接将海水稀释50 倍, 优化电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)参数, 提高测试灵敏度后, 在线加入内标Re 上机测试, Li、Rb、B、Sr 的方法检测限(3σ)分别为0. 75, 0.25, 14.0 和0.10 μg/L。连续测试10 次海水样品, 计算相对标准偏差(RSD), Li 为1.47%, B 为3.13%, Rb 为2.05%, Sr 为2.01%;并进行加标回收率实验, 回收率在96.5%～105%之间。结果表明, 该操作简单, 测定速度快, 数据稳定,可靠, 满足海水中这4 种元素的测试要求。测定了大西洋底层海水(距离海底200 m)中这4 种元素, 数据偏差小于2.65%, 低于方法测试标准偏差, 该层位水体稳定, 无变化。 相似文献
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采用气相色谱-质谱技术对南极半岛东北海域海底表层沉积物的总有机碳、有机质碳同位素(δ13 Corg)和生物标志化合物等进行了测试分析。研究区表层沉积物总有机碳TOC平均值高于现代深海沉积物中的平均含量。δ13 Corg的变化说明该海域有机碳来源呈海洋水生生物来源和陆源混合的特征。正构烷烃的峰型分布、主峰碳、饱和烃轻重比C-21/C+22和(C21+C22)/(C28+C29)、甾烷组合和藿烷组合证实研究区西部表层沉积物有机质来源以陆源高等植物为主,其陆源可能来自于附近的南极半岛和南舍得兰群岛;研究区东部表层沉积物有机质来源偏以海源为主,且以低等浮游生物、藻类及细菌生物等海源输入为主。碳优势指数(Carbon preference index,CPI)、奇偶优势指数(Odd-even Predominance,OEP)和甾烷C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)比值显示研究区D1-7站位和D5-9沉积物有机质演化程度较高,D5-2和D2-4站位的有机质演化程度低,其他站位介于中间状态。饱和烃中姥鲛烷、植烷及其比值(Pr/Ph)等组合显示研究区西部以氧化-弱还原的沉积环境为主,其可能是受高温低盐别林斯高晋海水流和附近火山喷发的影响所致;研究区东部以还原—强还原沉积环境为主,可能是受低温高盐的威德尔底层水(WSBW)和威德尔海深层水(WSDW)影响所致。 相似文献
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本文对西太平洋麦哲伦海山CM3D06富钴结壳进行了钙质超微化石生物地层学研究,发现结壳中有代表白垩纪(晚期)、古新世(晚期)、始新世(早、中、晚期)、中新世(中期)、上新世(晚期)和更新世等各时代的标准钙质超微化石,表明结壳的形成始于白垩纪(晚期);在富钴结壳中检出正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、甾烷类等众多分子化石,分子化石组合特征指数、主峰碳、ΣC-23/C+24、CPI、Pr/Ph、Pr/nC17、Ph/nC18和nC31/nC17显示有机质生物母源主要为海洋浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖非光合作用的菌类,而甾烷类的C29、C28和C27含量分布的变化则说明生物种群具有快速演变的特征。此外,还探讨了CM3D06结壳中Pr/Ph和有机碳同位素组成变化与结壳生长过程中的海洋环境演化的关联程度。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(2)
利用海水池塘陆基实验围隔,研究了三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)和菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)不同混养系统有机碳库储量,分别为蟹-虾混养(CS)、蟹-贝(CB)、虾-贝混养(SB)和蟹-虾-贝(CSB)混养系统,以蟹单养(C)系统作为对照。结果表明:(1)养殖期间各处理水体POC和DOC均值的变化范围分别为2.35~2.91mg C/L和8.82~10.89mg C/L。其中,POC以SB最高,CS次之,CB、CSB和C则显著小于处理SB(P0.05);水体DOC含量以CSB最高,单养系统C最低,但各处理间无显著差异(P0.05)。养殖期间各处理浮游植物有机碳均值变化范围为0.41~0.87mg C/L,其中以处理CSB最高,显著高于其它处理(P0.05),而单养系统C则为最低;各处理浮游动物有机碳均值变化范围为33.43~67.92μgC/L,以单养系统C浮游动物生物量最高,CS次之,均显著高于CB、SB和CSB(P0.05);养殖期间各处理细菌有机碳均值变化范围在0.33~0.61mg C/L之间,以CSB最高,显著高于C、CB和SB(P0.05),而与处理CS无显著差异(P0.05)。(2)实验期间,各处理有机碳组分贡献率为DOC腐质颗粒有机碳浮游植物有机碳浮游细菌有机碳浮游动物有机碳。总体而言,所有处理中CSB中浮游植物有机碳、浮游细菌有机碳以及水体DOC对TOC的贡献均相对高于其它处理,而浮游动物有机碳和腐质颗粒有机碳则相对较低;蟹单养系统C则相反,其浮游动物有机碳和腐质颗粒有机碳对水体TOC的贡献相对较大,而浮游植物有机碳、浮游细菌有机碳和DOC对水体TOC的贡献率相对其它处理均较小。 相似文献
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7.
天然水体中的Sn以Sn(Ⅳ)为主要存在形式.海水中的锡主要以SnO(OH)3-的形式存在,但也有可能与水体中的有机质、微生物等相结合,尤其在缺氧情况下,锡可在细菌作用下发生甲基化[1].尽管海水中锡的测定方法已有发射光谱法[2]、中子活化法[3],但这些方法皆需分离富集手续,至今尚未见有直接测定海水中锡的方法报道.我们在研究中发现,海水体系中以醋酸-醋酸铵为缓冲溶液,锡和铜铁试剂(Hcup)在滴汞电极表面产生灵敏的络合吸附波.若加入表面活性剂吐温-80可消除氧波的干扰,提高灵敏度,因而不必通氮除氧.本文针对海水的组分特征,对痕量锡的分析作了探讨,首次提出了直接测定海水中痕量锡的灵敏、快速的极谱方法,方法的检出限可达ppb级.海水经紫外线照射4小时后便可消除有机质、微生物的干扰,取经紫外线照过的海水20ml即可直接测定. 相似文献
8.
为了寻求性能良好、环保吸附剂,用于去除养殖水体中重金属Cu~(2+),作者利用蒙脱石负载羧乙基壳聚糖制备成复合吸附剂,并利用IR、SEM、XRD等手段分析其表面性能,将其用于处理Cu~(2+)溶液,考察了环境因子对其吸附性能的影响,并从吸附动力学和吸附热力学角度分析吸附剂对Cu~(2+)的吸附机理,最后考察其再生利用效果。结果表明:羧乙基壳聚糖成功进入到蒙脱石层间;在羧乙基壳聚糖与蒙脱石质量比为1︰25、40℃恒温水浴搅拌60min、pH=6.0、最佳投加量为4.0g/L、处理浓度不超过30 mg/L Cu~(2+)溶液时,复合吸附剂对Cu~(2+)去除率可以达到96.23%,将其用于淡水养殖鱼塘水体中, Cu~(2+)去除后可达到《渔业水质标准》规定;吸附剂对Cu~(2+)吸附热力学实验结果表明,符合Langmuir模型,反应过程为自发、吸热反应;吸附动力学结果表明该吸附符合准二级动力学方程,反应属于化学吸附;再生实验中NaOH的再生效果优于HCl。 相似文献
9.
分析了西太平洋海山CM1D03富钴结壳中超微化石生物地层学记录,结合钙质微浮游生物印痕,对结壳进行了地质年代的划分,其年代为晚古新世—早始新世(54~51Ma)、中始新世(45~40Ma)、中新世—上新世(22~2.4Ma)、上新世—更新世(3.6~1.2Ma)。利用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱联用检测了结壳中的正构烷烃、类异戊二烯、甾烷等分子化石,探讨结壳生长过程中的生源构成、沉积环境以及古生态演替特征。结果表明,结壳中氯仿沥青"A"/有机碳(TOC)比值为10.51%~21.74%,具有明显的烃类运移特征。正构烷烃的轻/重烃比值(ΣC-23/ΣC+24)为0.74~1.47,碳优势指数(CPI)为0.80~1.45,碳稳定同位素(δ13 C)为-24.00‰~-25.48‰,指示有机质主要来源于海洋表层水体的浮游植物。研究还表明,有机质物源,C27、C28、C29甾烷的丰度变化,TOC保存及δ13 C等均与结壳生长所处海洋环境、全球气候和南极底流的结构变化有关。 相似文献
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改性粘土法是一种高效、环保的有害藻华应急处置技术,可通过絮凝作用有效去除水体中藻华生物。但利用改性粘土絮凝产毒藻后,水体中胞内外藻毒素的变化情况目前尚不清楚。文章考察了I型改性粘土(MCI)絮凝典型产毒甲藻——太平洋亚历山大藻(Alexandriumpacificum)后,水体中残留藻细胞内和胞外麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PSTs)含量、组分的变化情况。实验结果表明, MC I对密度为6.11×10~3 cells/mL的A. pacificum 3小时去除率达62%,水体中残留藻细胞单细胞毒素含量和PSTs组分与对照组无显著差异,但水体中总PSTs含量大大降低,其中由絮凝沉降导致的胞内PSTs被去除量占水体中PSTs总减少量的90%以上。另外,针对MC I对胞外PSTs吸附效果的研究发现,低于0.5 g/L的MC I对胞外PSTs无明显吸附效果,而在利用0.2 g/L MC I絮凝去除大部分亚历山大藻后,水体中胞外PSTs含量无明显变化。由此可以推测该用量下的MC I未造成大量藻细胞破裂向水体中释放毒素。该研究结果将为改性粘土治理有毒甲藻藻华的现场应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
南大洋普里兹湾沉积物中生物硅含量与分布 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
利用中国第18,21次南极考察获得的沉积物样品,对南大洋普里兹湾沉积物中生物硅(BSiO2)的含量以及分布特征进行了初步研究.结果表明:普里兹湾表层沉积物中生物硅含量丰富,生物硅含量在4.89%~85.41%之间变化,平均为30.90%.最高值出现在湾内的IV-10站.生物硅的垂向分布与间隙水中硅酸盐呈现相反的变化趋势.表层沉积物中生物硅和有机碳分布趋势与表层海水中叶绿素a、初级生产力的分布趋势密切相关,最大值均出现在普里兹湾环流中心区域,较好地反映了上层水体中初级生产力的变化状况. 相似文献
12.
沉积物孔隙毛细管压力与甲烷水合物饱和度关系研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
To better understand the relationship between the pore capillary pressure and hydrate saturation in sediments, a new method was proposed. First, the phase equilibria of methane hydrate in fine-grained silica sands were measured. As to the equilibrium data, the pore capillary pressure and saturation of methane hydrate were calculated. The results showed that the phase equilibria of methane hydrates in fine-grained silica sands changed due to the depressed activity of pore water caused by the surface group and negatively charged characteristic of silica particles as well as the capillary pressure in small pores together. The capillary pressure increased with the increase of methane hydrate saturation due to the decrease of the available pore space. However, the capillary-saturation relationship could not yet be described quantitatively because of the stochastic habit of hydrate growth. 相似文献
13.
对南海南部25个表层沉积样进行了生物硅的测定分析，试图揭示南海南部表层沉积生物硅的分布及其对现代海洋环境的指示意义，以便为古海洋学研究提供进一步的科学依据。研究发现，表层沉积物中生物硅含量与其所处水深呈显著正相关关系，相关系数达到0．782。陆架浅水区表层沉积物中生物硅含量非常低，不能反映表层水体中硅质生物生产力情况，这可能与沉积类型和陆源物质输入影响有关。深水区表层沉积物中生物硅的含量分布表明，其不仅能反映出表层水体中硅质生物的古生产力水平，而且还能指示上升流的强弱，从而进一步证实了利用沉积物中生物硅含量来追踪上升流发育和变化的有效性与可信度。研究结果还显示，在研究区域中北部表层沉积生物硅中放射虫和海绵骨针较硅藻占有更大的比重，这可能是由于硅藻易被溶解并易被其他生物体摄食的缘故。在有上升流发育的海域，放射虫、硅藻和海绵骨针基本上均表现出较高的丰度，这与高的生物硅含量相一致。 相似文献
14.
Shizuo Tsunogai Shinichiro Noriki Koh Harada Taro Kurosaki Yasunori Watanabe Masaru Maedaa 《Journal of Oceanography》1986,42(2):83-90
Settling particles were collected at 1,460 m and 3,760 m depth in the Antarctic Ocean with sediment traps of time series type. The total deployment period of 40 days was divided into four terms of 10 days each. Seawater samples were collected both at deployment and retrieval of the traps at each site. During the 42 days the concentration of silicate in the surface water decreased by 32%, whereas those of nitrate and phosphate decreased by only 4–5%. The total particulate flux in the Antarctic Ocean is the largest among those hitherto observed in the world ocean. The time variation of the particulate flux at 1,460 m depth almost coincided with that at 3,760 m. The settling particles were comprised roughly of 80% biogenic silica, 15% organic matter and 5% other substances including sea salt. The clay fraction was only 0.05% at 1,460 m depth. The settling flux of biogenic silica agrees fairly well with the calculated rate of change in the concentration of silicate in the surface 100 m. Thus it is concluded that preferential propagation of diatoms reduces the concentration of silicate prior to other nutrients in the Antarctic Ocean. 相似文献
15.
南海南部表层沉积物中生物硅的分布及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对南海南部25个表层沉积样进行了生物硅的测定分析,试图揭示南海南部表层沉积生物硅的分布及其对现代海洋环境的指示意义,以便为古海洋学研究提供进一步的科学依据。研究发现,表层沉积物中生物硅含量与其所处水深呈显著正相关关系,相关系数达到0.782。陆架浅水区表层沉积物中生物硅含量非常低,不能反映表层水体中硅质生物生产力情况,这可能与沉积类型和陆源物质输入影响有关。深水区表层沉积物中生物硅的含量分布表明,其不仅能反映表层水体中硅质生物的古生产力水平,而且还能指示上升流的强弱,从而进一步证实了利用沉积物中生物硅含量来追踪上升流发育和变化的有效性与可信度。研究结果还显示,在研究区域中北部表层沉积生物硅中放射虫和海绵骨针较硅藻占有更大的比重,这可能是由于硅藻易被溶解并易被其他生物体摄食的缘故。在有上升流发育的海域,放射虫、硅藻和海绵骨针基本上表现出较高的丰度,这与高的生物硅含量相一致。 相似文献
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以2011年6月和8月在长江口邻近海域采集的沉积物和间隙水样品为研究对象,讨论了沉积物中生物硅（BSi）和间隙水中溶解硅（DSi）的分布情况和影响因素,并初步探讨了生物硅的循环和保存。结果表明,表层沉积物中BSi的含量较低,且均小于1%。柱状沉积物中BSi的含量范围为0.34%~0.52%。C3、D1站位柱状沉积物中BSi的记录主要是由早期成岩过程控制,33#站位的分布特征主要是由水动力等变化控制。沉积物间隙水中DSi的浓度范围为101.6~263.9 μmol/L,低于纯BSi的溶解度;间隙水的pH值越大,沉积物的含水率越低,还原性越强,间隙水中DSi的含量越高。3站位生物硅的埋藏效率均较高,表明长江口邻近海域是潜在的硅的汇。沉积通量的分布与沉积速率和埋藏效率的分布一致,均有近岸高于远海的趋势。 相似文献
17.
Samuela Capellacci Cecilia Battocchi Silvia Casabianca Marco Giovine Giorgio Bavestrello Antonella Penna 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(1):103-111
In this study, we demonstrate that dissolved silica obtained from mineral (crystalline quartz), biogenic amorphous (diatomaceous earth) and artificial amorphous sources (Aerosil) influence the growth rate of two marine diatoms, Chaetoceros sp. and Skeletonema marinoi. Diatoms were reared in four different experimental conditions in artificial seawater containing either dissolved silica previously obtained through dissolution of the mineral crystalline quartz or two amorphous substrates, biogenic diatomaceous earth or artificial Aerosil silica. Sodium metasilicate was used as control. When the silica in the different media reached concentrations higher than 107 μm , particles were eliminated by filtration and the diatom cells were inoculated. Maximum cell density, growth and silica assimilation rates of both species in the presence of dissolved silica derived from crystalline quartz and metasilicate were higher than those obtained with the other silica sources. These results are discussed against the background of previous geochemical studies that have shown that silica–water interactions are strictly dependent on the silica polymorphs involved and on the ionic composition of the solution. Our results demonstrate that the soluble silicon compounds generated in seawater by crystalline sources are highly bioavailable compared with those generated by biogenic and amorphous materials. These findings are potentially of considerable ecological importance and may contribute to clarifying anomalous spatial and temporal distributions of siliceous organisms with respect to the presence of lithogenic or biogenic silica sources in marine environments. 相似文献
18.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2001,48(11):2473-2495
The diatom species composition of settling biogenic silica particles collected in sediment traps was compared with the underlying sediment to determine the preservation of the various diatom species and to investigate the potential of biogenic silica as an indicator for changes in paleo-upwelling intensity. During the Netherlands Indian Ocean Programme (NIOP), settling particles were collected at two sampling sites off Somalia (NW Indian Ocean) for 9 months, from June 1992 to February 1993. One sediment trap array was deployed on the Somali slope directly below one of the main upwelling gyres, and a second array, meant as a reference site to reflect pelagic sedimentation, was moored in the Somali Basin away from direct coastal upwelling influence. At both sites diatoms represented over 90% of the total opal microorganisms. On the Somali slope, total annual diatom flux was 12.6×109 valves m−2, 76% of which was collected during the 112 d of the southwest monsoon, with peak fluxes in October, the end of the upwelling season. In the Somali Basin, the total annual flux was lower, 4.8×109 valves m−2, and only 39% was collected during the SW monsoon period (98 d). At both sampling sites, a distinct seasonal diatom species succession of ‘pre-upwellers’, ‘upwellers’ and ‘oceanic species’ was apparent. Although only a small part of the diatom assemblage escaped dissolution at the sediment–water interface, two species, Thalassionema nitzschioides and Chaetoceros resting spores, were preserved in the sediment, indicating that they are resistant to dissolution at the sediment–water interface. Eighty one percent of the deposition of Thalassionema nitzschioides and 78% of the deposition of Chaetoceros occurred during the upwelling period. Since these two species are the dominant component of the diatom assemblage in the sediments, and thus determine the biogenic silica content, we conclude that this preserved biogenic silica reflects the upwelling in the surface layer of the water column. On the Somali Margin, variations in biogenic silica flux as inferred from sedimentary records can therefore be used as an indicator for changes in paleo-upwelling intensity. 相似文献
19.
1 IntroductionKnowledge of suspended particle size and distri-bution is the key elements for better understandingthe sediment transport processes ( Wang et al.,2004), primary production (Ning et al., 2004),water quality controlling and pollution predictio… 相似文献
20.
Katsutoshi Kido 《Marine Chemistry》1974,2(4):277-285
The concentrations of particulate silica and inorganic suspended matter in the surface water of the North Pacific were determined. The concentration of particulate silica depends on latitude, and increases with increasing degree of the north latitude. The concentration of inorganic suspended matter shows a similar distribution pattern, but it is of much smaller magnitude. There exists a high positive correlation between the concentrations of particulate silica and nutrients. On the other hand, a weak negative correlation is found between the concentrations in surface seawater of particulate silica and radioactive 210Pb which originate chiefly from precipitation and dry fallout. This evidence suggests that the particulate silica in the sea is mainly of biogenic origin and the contribution of nonbiogenic silica, i.e., of terrestrial origin, is small. 相似文献