共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
断层破碎带剪切作用下力链结构及演化光弹试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《岩土力学》2020,(8)
断层破碎带颗粒介质体系中力链形成机制及其演化规律,是研究含破碎带断层蠕滑、黏滑以及地震等地质灾害发生的重要基础。借助颗粒体双轴加载双向流动光弹试验装置,对断层破碎带剪切作用下的宏观力学特性、破碎带中光弹力链网络结构及演化、力链空间分布及强度等特征进行研究。结果表明:(1)断层破碎带中,岩体颗粒之间通过力链传递力的相互作用;破碎带与断层诱导裂隙带之间存在易滑段与不易滑段,揭示了剪切作用下破碎带空间变形非均匀特征;破碎带中岩体颗粒物质的重新排列,引起易滑段与不易滑段的动态演化。(2)破碎带中较大粒径角砾岩颗粒承载了断层上下盘之间的主要挤压及摩擦力,起到了骨架支撑的作用;随着剪力的增长,强力链方向发生偏转,向竖直方向靠拢。(3)处于高应力状态的断层远离破碎带边缘位置岩体颗粒更容易发生破坏、碎裂、重新排列,从而引起强力链空间方位的变化;随着竖向荷载的增大,强力链空间方位由明显各向非均匀性向各向均匀性转变。(4)竖向荷载变化对断层破碎带中力链比例和颗粒接触力分布频率影响较小,对力链空间分布及强度影响较大。 相似文献
2.
基于亚像素角点检测的数字图像测量系统能够记录三轴试样表面方块角点的位移,从而获得试样表面每一时刻的局部应变及应变场。分析了试样不同位置的局部径向应变在剪切过程中的变化,获得了以不同初始成样含水率制备的松砂和密砂试样在不同特征时刻的应力与应变的特征值。通过轴向应变场的变化分析了从应变局部化出现到剪切带发育、形成的这一完整的渐进破坏过程,总结了剪切带形成时的局部最大轴向应变特征值,并定性地分析了剪切带内、外土体在渐进破坏过程中不同的轴向应变增长率。试验结果表明：在应变场中试样应变局部化明显,并可以依此确定应变局部化的出现、剪切带的形成;对于密砂及初始含水率为0%制备的松砂试样,应力在应变局部化出现之初即达到峰值,剪切带形成时应力已经开始下降,进入应变软化阶段;以初始含水率为6%和12%制备的松砂试样在达到应力峰值时剪切带已经形成;剪切带内土体的局部轴向应变增长幅度比剪切带外的土体大得多。试样整体轴向应变的增大主要是由剪切带内土体剪切破坏产生的较大轴向应变所致。 相似文献
3.
砂土力学性质的细观模拟 总被引：23，自引：9，他引：14
基于颗粒流理论,对砂土的室内双轴试验和砂土剪切带形成与发展进行了数值模拟,基本再现了砂土试样应力-应变关系。主要研究了颗粒粒径、颗粒摩擦系数等细观参数变化时试样宏观性质的变化情况。对比分析了室内试验和颗粒流数值模拟试验的砂土剪切带特征。同时对比研究了模型试样颗粒粒径、颗粒刚度和摩擦系数等细观参数的变化,对剪切带的形成与发展过程的影响。结果表明：通过颗粒流数值模型试验可以有效模拟砂土剪切带的形成与发展机理。 相似文献
4.
颗粒形状是影响粗粒土密实度、力学与渗流等特性的主要因素之一。为了分析颗粒形状对粗粒土剪切特性的影响,采用离散元法生成4种不同形状的颗粒组,进行粗粒土直剪试验模拟与剪切宏细观响应研究,得出了颗粒形状对剪应力-剪位移、体应变-剪位移的影响,分析了粗粒土剪切应力、应变特性与剪胀特性。通过分析剪切带厚度、颗粒旋转量值、平均接触数、孔隙率及接触力系等宏细观参量的演化规律,研究颗粒形状在宏细观尺度上对粗粒土的影响。研究表明:异形颗粒间的咬合自锁作用大于纯圆颗粒,试样的抗剪强度有随形状系数的减小而增大的趋势。试样颗粒在外荷载作用下发生运动,应变主要表现在颗粒运动剧烈、剪胀幅度较大的剪切带内。颗粒形状系数F减小,试样的初始平均接触数增加,内摩擦角φ增大,剪切带内孔隙率增量越大,剪胀幅度越大。剪切过程中强力链聚集于剪切带内并起骨架作用,随着形状系数的减小,力链长度在0～5所占百分比呈增大趋势;剪切带内强力链的数目随着形状系数的减小而增加,峰值含量在30%～35%之间。 相似文献
5.
针对含细颗粒砂土的反常剪切行为,开展了双轴剪切试验的数值模拟,从宏细观角度分析了其反常剪切行为发生的内在机制。数值模拟结果表明,增加围压能提高含细颗粒砂土的抗剪切液化能力,该反常行为的根本原因在于围压上升使得粗细颗粒更有效地参与了力链传递,增加了颗粒间的接触,增强了土体的密实度。细颗粒在土骨架中的移动对砂土的液化起着至关重要的作用,而粗颗粒仅起次要作用。研究表明,细颗粒在剪切过程中会持续从有效土骨架中移出成为无效颗粒,而部分粗颗粒也因失去细颗粒的支撑作用会脱离土骨架,直至试样最终液化。细颗粒一般参与土骨架中的弱力链,而粗颗粒则一般参与强力链,导致细颗粒较粗颗粒更容易在土骨架中移动。 相似文献
6.
为分析砂土在复杂应力条件下的剪切力学特性,采用商业离散元软件PFC3D对单粒组中密砂的空心扭剪试验进行了仿真模拟,分析了数值试样的应力-应变关系,研究了不同剪切方向下离散介质的强度、体积应变特性以及中主应力比对它们的影响,再现了力链在加载过程中的演化,并对剪切带的倾角做了深入分析。同时,从细观上看,以颗粒接触数和纯转动率变量为中心,观察了试样内部颗粒的运动状态,对比了不同剪切方向下剪切带内外颗粒接触数与纯转动位移的变化。最后,将数值试验结果与已有的室内试验结果进行了对比。此研究实现了复杂应力条件下空心扭剪试样的三维离散元模拟,加深了对空心扭剪试验过程和结果的理解和解释。 相似文献
7.
为研究剑麻纤维和高分子固化剂复合改良对砂土工程特性影响，通过一系列三轴剪切试验，对不同掺量和长度的剑麻纤维与高分子固化剂改良砂土的剪切强度特性进行了研究，从峰值偏应力、应力应变曲线特征和抗剪强度参数等方面分别对改良机理进行了研究。研究结果表明，纯高分子固化剂改良砂土的峰值偏应力和黏聚力明显提升，由于固化剂粘结砂土颗粒，限制了变形过程中颗粒的相对滑动，内摩擦角略微降低。随纤维掺量的增加，不同围压下固化剂改良土体的峰值偏应力明显增加，应力硬化特征愈加明显，土体的黏聚力和内摩擦角随纤维掺量的增加保持单调递增趋势。在单纯添加固化剂的情况下，土体强度与固化剂浓度呈正相关的关系；在给定0.4%的纤维含量下，随着纤维长度的加长，纤维和高分子固化剂复合改良砂土的剪切强度先增强后降低；在纤维长度为18 mm时，土体的剪切强度达到最大，黏聚力达到最大207.57 kPa；纤维长度的改变对试样破坏时的轴向应变和土体的内摩擦角基本没有影响。 相似文献
8.
《岩土力学》2017,(8):2234-2240
土工格栅广泛应用于各类加筋土结构工程实践,在这些实际的加筋土结构中,加筋土体一般处于平面应变状态。为了更详尽地描述平面应变状态下土工格栅加筋土的复合力学性状,加深对土工格栅加筋机制的认识,通过以砾石和具有不同横肋数量的土工格栅为研究对象,进行大型双轴压缩试验,探究了平面应变状态下土工格栅横肋对加筋土强度和变形特性的影响。试验结果表明:土工格栅显著提高了加筋土试样的最大轴向应力,最大轴向应力随土工格栅横肋数量的增加而增大;基于数字图像相关(DIC)技术,获得了同一围压下未加筋土和各加筋土试样土颗粒的位移和旋转情况,直观地展现了土工格栅的加筋效果;加筋土试样中土工格栅在双轴压缩荷载作用下的纵向拉伸应变分布规律呈现中部最大、朝格栅试样两端递减的规律;在相同轴向应变条件下,上层格栅的拉伸应变略大于下层格栅的拉伸应变;在相同轴向应力作用下,土工格栅的纵向拉伸应变随横肋数量的增加而减小。 相似文献
9.
对某高坝心墙黏土进行了三轴压缩过程中的轴向渗透试验，观测了不同压实密度的试样在不同围压下轴向渗透系数随轴向应变的变化过程以及试样的变形形态。试验发现，三轴压缩过程中试样的渗透系数的变化趋势与压实密度和围压有关。当围压大于试样的前期固结压力时，试样在三轴压缩过程中一直呈现体缩，变得更密实，因而渗透系数随着轴向应变的增加而减小，最后趋于稳定。当围压远小于试样的前期固结压力时，试样产生了对抗渗不利的集中剪切带，集中剪切带成为渗流通道，使得试样的表观轴向渗透系数随轴向应变的增加而显著增大。重度压实的黏土在低围压下的大剪切变形下会产生高渗漏性的集中剪切带的试验事实，可以用来解释土石坝心墙的局部渗漏现象。 相似文献
10.
转动阻抗被定义为作用颗粒接触上的一对对称力偶,用来抵抗颗粒之间的相互转动。将转动阻抗引入到离散元模拟中是对传统离散单元法的重要改进。开发出考虑颗粒转动阻抗的接触模型,并将其嵌入到PFC2D中,利用该模型进行粗粒土的双轴剪切数值模型试验,研究剪切过程中转动阻抗对粗粒土的宏细观力学性质的影响。结果显示,在宏观方面,颗粒转动阻抗对粗粒土的宏观力学行为（应力-应变及体应变-轴应变行为）有重要的影响,随着转动阻抗的增加,粗粒土的剪切强度和最大摩擦角随之增加,这与已有的研究结果一致,证明所建模型是可靠的;在微观方面,考察转动阻抗对粗粒土内部微观结构的影响发现,随着转动阻抗的增加,粗粒土的内部的接触数目减少,而粗粒土的剪切强度增加,表明转动阻抗能够提高粗粒土力链网络的稳定性,同时发现随着转动阻抗的增加,粗粒土的各向异性增加主要是强力链各向异性的增加,说明转动阻抗增强了强力链的传递力的能力以及抵抗力链屈曲破坏能力。数值模拟结果表明,增加颗粒转动阻抗,粗粒土出现组构与轴应变非共轴的现象。 相似文献
11.
12.
The strain space multiple mechanism model idealizes the behavior of granular materials based on a multitude of virtual simple shear mechanisms oriented in arbitrary directions. Within this modeling framework, the virtual simple shear stress is defined as a quantity that depends on the contact distribution function as well as the normal and tangential components of inter‐particle contact forces, which evolve independently during the loading process. In other terms, the virtual simple shear stress is an intermediate quantity in the upscaling process from the microscopic level (characterized by the contact distribution and inter‐particle contact forces). The stress space fabric (i.e. the orientation distribution of the virtual simple shear stress) produces macroscopic stress through the tensorial average. Thus, the stress space fabric characterizes the fundamental and higher modes of anisotropy induced in granular materials. Comparing an induced fabric associated with the biaxial shear of plane granular assemblies obtained via a simulation using Discrete Element Method to the strain space multiple mechanism model suggests that the strain space multiple mechanism model has the capability to capture the essential features in the evolution of an induced fabric in granular materials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
This paper presents a numerical investigation into mechanical behavior and strain localization in methane hydrate (MH) bearing sediments using the distinct element method (DEM). Based on the results of a series of laboratory tests on the bonded granules idealized by two glued aluminum rods and the available experimental data of methane hydrate samples, a pressure and temperature dependent bond contact model was proposed and implemented into a two-dimensional (2D) DEM code. This 2D DEM code was then used to numerically carry out a series of biaxial compression tests on the MH samples with different methane hydrate saturations, whose results were then compared with the experimental data obtained by Masui et al. [9]. In addition, stress, strain, void ratio and velocity fields, the distributions of bond breakage and averaged pure rotation rate (APR) as well as the evolution of strain localization were examined to investigate the relationships between micromechanical variables and macromechanical responses in the DEM MH samples. The numerical results show that: (1) the shear strength increases as methane hydrate saturation SMH increases, which is in good agreement with the experimental observation; (2) the strain localization in all the DEM MH samples develops with onset of inhomogeneity of void ratio, velocity, strain, APR, and distortion of stress fields and contact force chains; and (3) the methane hydrate saturation affects the type of strain localization, with one shear band developed in the case of 40.9% and 67.8% methane saturation samples, and two shear bands formed for 50.1% methane saturation sample. 相似文献
14.
A simulation study of microstructure evolution inside the shear band in biaxial compression test 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We study the development of microstructure inside the shear band in granular media consisting of elliptical‐shaped particles. Plane strain biaxial compression test was simulated using two‐dimensional distinct element method. The generation of large voids and concentration of excessive particle rotation inside a shear band are found in a quite similar manner to those observed in natural soils. Evolution of the microstructure inside and outside the shear band is studied. The magnitude and direction of particle rotation inside the shear band is influenced by orientation of long axes of elliptical particles. Because of such particle rotations inside the shear band, the preferred alignment of particles becomes horizontal in the residual state, which results in a more anisotropic contact normal distribution oriented along the major principal stress axis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
This paper presents a micromechanics-based approach to investigate the effects of fabric anisotropy on the behavior of localized failure in granular materials. Based on a micromechanical analysis, the origin of deviatoric stress is decomposed into two components: contact force anisotropy and fabric anisotropy. Using a micro–macro approach, the back stress is interpreted as an contribution to the change of the fabric’s principal direction. The evolution of the back stress is deduced from the stress–fabric relationship and determined with reference to the deviation of the principal directions between the rate of the reduced stress tensor and the actual reduced stress tensor. With this micro–macro framework, a mixed (isotropic–kinematic) hardening model is developed based on the classical isotropic hardening theory. A laboratory simple shear test is first analyzed to validate the proposed model and illustrate the kinematic-hardening mechanism which is usually displayed under non-proportional loading. The analysis further focuses on the anisotropic aspect of localized failure. It has been discovered that the fabric anisotropy can play an important role in the occurrence of shear banding. An increasing degree of fabric anisotropy tends to delay the initiation of the strain localization and result in higher failure strength. The effects of fabric anisotropy have also been illustrated by comparing the theoretical predictions and measured results on the shear band inclination angle, shear strain level and dilatancy at bifurcation. 相似文献
16.
Use of acoustic emissions to investigate localization in high-porosity sandstone subjected to true triaxial stresses 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Acoustic emissions were used to investigate the evolution of damage and strain localization in Castlegate sandstone specimens subjected to true triaxial states of stress, where the intermediate principal stress ranged from equal to minimum compression to equal to maximum compression. Three failure modes were observed: shear band formation at low mean stresses, compaction localization at intermediate stresses, and no localization at high mean stresses. For shear bands, the onset of localization consistently occurred prior to peak stress, while compaction localization initiated at the beginning of a stress plateau. The band angle (defined as the angle between the band normal and the maximum compression direction) determined by fitting a plane through the localized acoustic emission events corresponded well with the shear band angle expressed on the specimen jacket. As expected, the band angle decreased with increasing mean stress. The theoretically predicted dependence of band angle on deviatoric stress state was not confirmed; however, data scatter due to natural variations in material could obscure such a trend. Each failure mode displayed a unique acoustic emission rate response; therefore, this rate response alone can be used to determine the failure mode and the onset of localization in Castlegate sandstone. 相似文献
17.
利用空心圆柱扭剪仪对饱和砂土进行了应力主轴固定和偏应力比增大（即定向剪切）、偏应力比不变和应力主轴单调旋转（即纯应力主轴单调旋转）、偏应力比和应力主轴偏转角同时增加、偏应力比和应力主轴偏转角分段增加4个系列的排水剪切试验,着重分析不同应力路径下饱和砂土的变形特性及主应力和主应变增量方向变化规律。试验结果表明,纯应力主轴单调旋转下,主应力增量方向在45°～135°范围内变化,主应变增量方向逐渐偏向主应力方向;偏应力比和应力主轴偏转角同时增加下,砂土变形不断增大,当主应力增量方向 45°时,主应变增量方向与主应力增量方向基本一致,但当 45°时,主应变增量方向逐渐偏离主应力增量方向。当应力状态在偏应力比 0.75、应力主轴偏转角 45°范围内时,体应变、最大剪应变与应力路径无关,且后期纯应力主轴旋转下砂土变形不受前期加载历史的影响。 相似文献
18.
Brittle deformation of Caledonian age affects the Harris (Scotland) meta-anorthosite and occurs as restricted areas with penetrative networks of shear fractures, frequently associated with pseudotachylite. Plagioclase is cut by both transcrystalline and intracrystalline fractures, the latter being of two types: those directly induced by the transcrystalline shear fractures and those which appear to be independent of them. Several orientations of intracrystalline fractures may occur in any one grain.Whereas the orientations of the transcrystalline fractures may be independent of the plagioclase lattice, intracrystalline fractures are clearly crystallographically controlled. The most common intracrystalline fractures follow the main cleavage planes, (001) in all cases, but also frequently (010), (110) and (110). Other fracture directions, often conjugate, are very common. They include (021) and others near (111)–(121) and (111)–(121) close to the [101] and the [112] and [112] zones. These latter planes are those which also occur as cleavages in experimentally shocked microcline and as slip planes and deformation bands in experimentally deformed feldspars.The easy slip and low cohesion in plagioclase can be explained in terms of periodic bond chains in the feldspar structure. The close agreement in orientation between the unusual cleavages developed in the meta-anorthosite and experimentally produced deformation bands in plagioclase suggests that fracture occurs along the deformation bands parallel to dislocation glide planes. 相似文献
19.
The paper provides an in-depth exploration of the role of particle crushing on particle kinematics and shear banding in sheared granular materials. As a two-dimensional approximation, a crushable granular material may be represented by an assembly of irregularly shaped polygons to include shape diversity of realistic granular materials. Particle assemblies are subjected to biaxial shearing under flexible boundary conditions. With increasing percentage of crushed particles, mesoscale deformation becomes increasingly unstable. Fragmented deformation patterns within the granular assemblies are unable to form stable and distinct shear bands. This is confirmed by the sparsity of large fluctuating velocities in highly crushable assemblies. Without generating distinct shear bands, deformation patterns and failure modes of a highly crushable assembly are similar to those of loose particle assemblies, which are regarded as diffuse deformation. High degrees of spatial association amongst the kinematical quantities confirm the key role that non-affine deformation and particle rotation play in the generation of shear bands. Therefore, particle kinematical quantities can be used to predict the onset and subsequent development of shear zones, which are generally marked by increased particle kinematic activity, such as intense particle rotation and high granular temperature. Our results indicate that shear band thickness increases, and its speed of development slows down, with increasing percentage of crushed particles. As particles crush, spatial force correlation becomes weaker, indicating a more diffuse nature of force transmission across particle contacts. 相似文献