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1.
纤蛇纹石石棉及代用纤维粉尘的光谱研究与噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以纤蛇纹石石棉、陶瓷纤维、玻璃纤维、岩棉、硅灰石为受试物,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测染毒72h后V79细胞的存活率,并通过吉姆萨染色观察细胞形态学上的变化。不同浓度ρ/(μg.ml-1)的矿物粉尘(100,200,400,600,800,1000)作用72h后,V79存活率下降,细胞增殖明显受到抑制并出现大量细胞衰亡,呈现出剂量效应关系,且细胞毒性大小为玻璃纤维>纤蛇纹石石棉>陶瓷纤维>硅灰石>岩棉;形态学观察发现染毒细胞出现空泡、肿胀、裸核、黑褐色颗粒以及胞浆胞核模糊、形态变化等现象,且不同的粉尘对V79细胞的影响不同。总体而言,岩棉是五种粉尘中毒性最低的石棉代用纤维。 相似文献
2.
探讨活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)在温石棉激活线粒体通路诱导A549凋亡中的作用。采用不同浓度温石棉粉尘染毒人肺上皮细胞(A549)后,MTT法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测ROS抑制剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC)预处理前后的细胞凋亡率、胞内ROS水平及线粒体膜电位,Western Blot法检测各组细胞半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)、p53蛋白表达水平。实验结果显示,温石棉可降低A549细胞存活率,呈现时间-剂量效应关系;NAC可显著减少胞内ROS水平、阻止线粒体膜电位下降,并下调caspase-3、p53蛋白的表达水平,抑制部分细胞凋亡的发生。表明ROS可通过诱导p53蛋白过表达,激活线粒体凋亡通路,诱导A549细胞发生凋亡。 相似文献
3.
将不同浓度PM_(2.5)降尘作用于A549细胞后,利用MTT法检测其存活率,W-G染色观察细胞形态,荧光探针法检测细胞ROS和MMP相对水平,以探讨PM_(2.5)降尘对A549细胞线粒体氧化损伤的影响及作用机制。结果显示,经12. 5μg/m L的PM_(2.5)降尘作用A549细胞3 h后,细胞存活率为(81. 77±6. 15)%,并随作用浓度及时间增加呈递减趋势。PM_(2.5)染毒后可观察到细胞形态不规则,胞膜溶解破坏,细胞微核出现。PM_(2.5)降尘作用于细胞24 h后,胞内ROS相对含量随暴露浓度增加呈递增趋势,细胞MMP相对水平随染毒浓度增加而降低,且胞内ROS和MMP两者间存在显著相关关系(R2=0. 878)。提示PM_(2.5)降尘处理A549细胞后可通过刺激ROS的产生,诱导细胞MMP下降,造成细胞线粒体氧化损伤。 相似文献
4.
5.
目的：探讨紫外分光光度法测定秋水仙碱中毒血清,为临床秋水仙碱中毒提供诊疗依据。方法取0．5 mL 血清加提取液（三氯甲烷∶甲醇＝95∶5）4．0 mL。充分震荡萃取,高速离心,取有机层于另一试管中氮气吹干,取0．2 mL 甲醇溶解残渣,混匀,取50 mL 做紫外扫描。结果血清中秋水仙碱最大吸收峰（351±1）nm,浓度在5．0～40μg／mL 范围内呈线性,回归方程Y ＝0．0502X ＋0．0013,其相关系数为0．9995,回收率为83．8％～102．8％,相对标准差为3．3％～4．8％。日内、日间相对标准差分别为3．22％～4．74％和3．45％～4．66％,最低检出浓度为1．0μg／mL。结论该方法操作简便,分析快速,结果准确,为临床诊断秋水仙碱中毒提供了一个简便准确的检测方法。 相似文献
6.
《矿物岩石》2016,(1)
为了解国产单晶硅生长用石英坩埚的技术现状,为石英坩埚的研究与应用提供科学依据,采用多种现代检测方法,对四川某企业生产的石英坩埚及其高纯石英原料的化学成分、物相和结构特征进行测试分析,结果表明:单晶硅生长用石英坩埚是一种以高纯石英为原料加工制备的石英玻璃功能材料;石英坩埚的透明情况和分层结构均由内部的气泡引起,透明层中气泡较少,直径?=10μm~100μm,不透明层中复合气泡密集且明显大于透明层,直径?=50μm~300μm。该企业所生产的石英坩埚出现双层、透明单层、不透明单层等3种不同横断面结构,但它们的微量杂质元素含量相似(总量为101×10~(-6)~188×10~(-6))、物相相同(非晶态的石英玻璃),其质量还未达到国家质量标准,一个重要原因是所用的高纯石英原料13种微量杂质元素总量为55×10~(-6),属4N中端产品,与美国尤尼明4N8标准级高端产品还存在很大差距。 相似文献
7.
为探讨粘土矿物从溶液中吸附锂的基本特征,选取蒙脱石和高岭石与合成的含锂人工海水(ρ(Li)=1.4mg/L)在室温下进行吸附反应,探讨其吸附平衡时间、pH和水岩比对吸附的影响。实验结果表明蒙脱石和高岭石与锂溶液在2 h内均达到吸附平衡。pH从4升高至8时,高岭石对锂吸附的量从33.2μg/g升高到72.4μg/g。而pH>8时,高岭石对锂吸附的量开始减小。水岩比明显的影响到高岭石的吸附能力。水岩比从50mL/g变化到100 mL/g和200 mL/g,其吸附量从25.2μg/g增加到58.8μg/g和142.6μg/g。这说明所用高岭石量足够与实验溶液达到吸附平衡,可以用本实验来研究吸附过程的锂同位素分馏特征。 相似文献
8.
将中国仓鼠肺细胞(Chinese Hamster Lung Cell, V79细胞)分别暴露于不同浓度的温石棉及代用品粉体悬液中48 h后,MTT检测细胞存活率;免疫组化法检测V79细胞中Survivin、Cap43、Bcl-2、p16和p53肿瘤相关蛋白的分布及表达,分析我国两大主产区的温石棉及4种主要人工代用品对V79细胞的增殖抑制率与肿瘤相关蛋白谱的影响,以探讨我国温石棉及人工代用品是否是导致肿瘤的高危因素之一。结果表明: ① 在6种粉体中,四川新康及陕西陕南温石棉对细胞生长抑制最强,岩棉纤维粉体对细胞生长抑制最弱。各粉体对V79细胞的存活率影响不同,随着暴露粉体浓度的增加,细胞的存活率降低,呈现剂量效应关系。②各染毒组细胞的癌基因Survivin、Cap43、Bcl-2表达的蛋白上调,抑癌基因p16和p53表达的蛋白下调,以胞浆阳性为主。综合以上结果,发现我国不同地区温石棉及其代用品均不同程度抑制V79细胞生长,上调肿瘤相关蛋白Survivin、Cap43及Bcl-2,下调p16和p53,从而诱导癌症的发展。 相似文献
9.
在6．0mol／LHCI介质中,用乙酸丁酯苹取镓,水反革取后,用火焰原子吸收测定镓。方法线性范围为0～100μg／mL,检出限为0．028μg／mL,样品加标回收率为97．9％～101．8％,RSD在2．83％～3．96％之间。方法应用于拜尔溶液中镓的测定,结果满意。 相似文献
10.
通过FT-IR和XRD对四川新康、陕西陕南、甘肃阿克塞和青海茫崖四大矿区温石棉的物相成分、谱学特征进行测试分析,利用MTT法、流式细胞术检测了4种温石棉纤维粉尘染毒A549细胞后的细胞存活率、凋亡率和细胞周期分布,比较和探讨了四大矿区温石棉纤维粉尘抑制细胞增殖能力的大小及其对细胞凋亡和周期阻滞的影响。研究结果显示,四大矿区温石棉的主要物相是斜纤蛇纹石,新康温石棉成分比其他3种温石棉的复杂,阿克塞和茫崖温石棉的成分相似;四大矿区的温石棉化学基团基本相同,阿克塞和茫崖温石棉纤维的表面结构较陕南和新康温石棉的完善。4种温石棉均能不同程度地抑制A549细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡和周期阻滞:茫崖组凋亡率最大(22. 56±2. 56)%,陕南组凋亡率最小(19. 57±3. 07)%;细胞周期阻滞均以G2/M期阻滞为主,新康、陕南、阿克塞和茫崖组处于G2/M期细胞比例分别增加8. 90%、8. 58%、9. 13%和10. 44%。4种温石棉导致细胞凋亡和周期阻滞的能力:茫崖新康阿克塞陕南。 相似文献
11.
Sand dunes as a major proximal dust source for late Pleistocene loess in the Negev Desert, Israel 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Grain size analyses of three hilltop, primary eolian loess sequences in the Negev desert, southern Israel, show a bimodal grain-size distribution at 50-60 μm and 3-8 μm. Using analyses of mineralogy and OSL ages we demonstrate that the coarse mode is composed mostly of quartz grains and its relative magnitude increases regionally with time, suggesting an enhancement of a time-transgressive proximal dust source compared to a distal, Saharan fine-grain dust. The only proximal dust source for large amount of coarse silt quartz grains is the sands that advanced into Sinai and the Negev concurrently with the loess accretion during the late Pleistocene as a result of the exposure of the Mediterranean shelf. We therefore propose that the coarse silt quartz grains were formed through eolian abrasion within the margins of an advancing sand sea. This relationship between desert sand seas as a source for proximal coarse dust and desert margin loess deposits can be applicable to other worldwide deserts such as Northern Africa, China and Australia. 相似文献
12.
Zhiwen Dong Zhongqin Li Wenbin Wang Kaiming Li Ping Zhou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(3):1423-1433
Wind-blown mineral dust derived from the crustal surface is an important atmospheric component affecting the Earth’s radiation budget. Deposition of dust particles was measured in snow on the Glacier No. 4, Mt Bogeda, in the eastern Tian Shan, China. The mean number concentration of dust particles with 0.57 < d < 26 μm in the snowpack is 279 × 103 mL?1, with a mean mass concentration of 1,480 μg kg?1. Dust number size distribution showed the dominant particles with d < 2 μm, while volume size distribution showed single-modal structures having volume median diameters from 3 to 25 μm. Results were compared with the data from other sites in the Tian Shan and various northern hemisphere sites. A backward trajectory model was also employed to examine the transport process of dust particles in this region. Most of the air mass originated from the southern and northwestern regions, e.g., the Taklimakan and Gurbantunggut deserts in springtime, during the Asian dust period, which may bring plentiful aerosol dust particles from the sandy deserts. Transport of dust from western Chinese deserts to adjacent mountains is in agreement with a growing body of evidence on the importance of dust inputs to alpine regions. 相似文献
13.
The cytotoxicity of quartz in the human lung is recognized to be dependent on both the inherent properties of the silica dust and external factors related to the history of the dust and including the presence of surface contamination. In this study, the physical and chemical surface properties of quartz grains in commercial bentonite deposits from the western (South Dakota) and southern (Alabama) USA were investigated. Measured quartz contents of bentonites range from 1.9 to 8.5 wt% with the <10 μm size fraction comprising 6–45% of this total. Trace element contents (Fe–Ti–Al) of quartz grains from any given bentonite are similar, indicating a single origin for the quartz with little if any contamination from other sources. Surface coatings are pervasive on all quartz grains and resist removal by repeated vigorous washings and reaction with HCl. Textural attributes and XPS and EDS analyses of these coatings are consistent with most being montmorillonite and, less frequently, mixtures of montmorillonite and opaline silica. Opaline silica (opal-A and opal-CT) occurs in two texturally distinct generations: an early massive grain-coating event and as later lepispheres. Montmorillonite coating thicknesses range from <1 μm to more than 10 μm thick. Surfaces of plagioclase, K-feldspar, and biotite grains are conspicuously devoid of montmorillonite coatings, but may show sparse distributions of opal-CT lepispheres. HRTEM has not confirmed a topotactic relationship or atomic structural concordance between montmorillonite coatings and underlying quartz grains. Alternatively, a precursor volcanic glass phase that coats the quartz surfaces during volcanic eruption and/or preferential early precipitation of opaline silica on quartz may provide substrates for development of montmorillonite coatings. Estimations of montmorillonite biodurability under pulmonary pH conditions suggest possible prolonged sequestration of respired bentonite quartz grains from contact with lung materials and modified cytotoxic reactivity. 相似文献
14.
Jai Krishna Pandey Deepa Agarwal Sanjoy Gorain Rajnish Kumar Dubey Manoj Kumar Vishwakarma Kamlesh Kumar Mishra Asim Kumar Pal 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(7):183
This paper presents dust exposure study of 69 workers engaged in 11 categories of jobs over seven coalmines of Jharia Coalfields. Dust samples were analysed for dust concentration, maximum exposure limit (MEL), free silica and other minerals present, and particle size and shape. Study reveals that workers engaged in vicinity of coal/rock cutting operation, are exposed to higher dust concentration (50% samples exceeding MEL), and contain more fine particles (d 50 < 5 μm) with sharp edges. Samples exceeding MEL are classified as high-risk category which needs special attention for taking preventive and protective measure like use of personal protective equipments, job rotation and reduction in dust generation through engineering control using appropriate technology of dust suppression and dust extraction as per their applicability. The study also suggests presence of kaolinite and asbestos along with quartz which make the dust more harmful in nature necessitating further investigation and careful control measures. 相似文献
15.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
In this study A549 cell viability, extracellular activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were investgated after incubation with quartz (KWC-Q4 and KWC-Q3), Nano-SiO2, and KWC-M, the micronucleaus test and comet assay was carried out to evaluate the genotoxicity. The results showed that, there were significant difference in the cell death rate and extracellular LDH activity compared with the control group, and appeared a good linear relationship in certain concentration range. All mineral particle tested can induce the increase of TNF-α after incubation with mineral powders at 200 μg/mL for 3h merely, and significant increase of IL-6 for 24h, the results indicated the inflammatory reaction can be triggered by the exposure of KWC-Q4, KWC-Q3, Nano-SiO2, and KWC-M. The micronucleus test result showed the MNF (Micronucleus frequency) listed as Nano-SiO2>KWC-Q3>KWC-Q4. There is no significant increase of KWC-M compared with the control group, maybe resulted from its high cell death rate at low concentration. The comet assay confirmed the genotoxicity of all samples tested, the DNA damage: KWC-M > Nano-SiO2 > KWC-Q4 > KWC-Q3. 相似文献
16.
S. Hussain J. van Leeuwen R. Aryal B. Sarkar C. W. K. Chow S. Beecham 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(4):847-862
One of the key challenges in water treatment industry is the removal of organic compounds by cost-effective methods. This study evaluated the adsorptive removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from reservoir water using fuller’s earth (FE) in comparison with natural (SQ) and modified quartz (MSQ) sands. The removal capacities of FE at different contact times, pH levels, adsorbent dosages and initial DOC concentrations were compared with both the quartz sands. The optimum DOC removals by FE and SQs were achieved at contact time of 60 and 30 min, pH level of 6 and 4, and at adsorbent dose of 1.5 g/150 mL and 10 g/100 mL, respectively. The adsorption capacity of FE (1.05 mg/g) was much higher compared to the MSQ (0.04 mg/g) and SQ (0.01 mg/g). Adsorption equilibrium data better fitted to the Freundlich model than to the Langmuir model, suggesting that adsorption occurred primarily through multilayer formation onto the surfaces of FE and SQ. The pseudo-second-order model described the uptake kinetics more effectively than the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models, indicating that the mechanism was primarily governed by chemisorption. These observations were well supported by the physiochemical characteristics and charge behaviour of the adsorbents. In mass-transfer study, the results of liquid film diffusion model showed that the adsorption of DOC on FE was not controlled by film diffusion, but other mechanisms also played an essential role. This study demonstrates that FE is an effective adsorbent for the removal of DOC in surface water treatment. 相似文献
17.
Landslides frequently occur during large earthquakes and storms in Taiwan, supplying large volumes of sediment to downslope areas. When coupled with the intense northeast monsoon over Taiwan in the dry winter season, this can lead to high concentrations of airborne particulates that are hazardous to human health. Air quality monitoring stations near unvegetated riverbanks recorded high concentrations of particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) after Typhoon Morakot in 2009. The objective of this study was, therefore, to analyze the effects on air quality of sediment caused by the typhoon. A deflation module was simulated, and the resulting estimates were compared with observed data from the Taitung monitoring station for 2004 and 2005. The relationship of dust flux to average atmospheric dust concentration was analyzed for October to December 2001–2010. Analysis showed that the 2001–2008 data are highly correlated (0.78) with the average concentration. The intercept of 28.07 represented the background concentration with no dust emission, from October to December of 2001–2008. Based on the dust flux potential in 2009, the average yearly PM10 concentration would be 37.98 µg/m3; however, the measured concentration was 61.67 µg/m3 from October to December. This suggests the strong influence of dust re-suspended from unvegetated riverbanks by Typhoon Morakot. 相似文献
18.
Characterisation of a Natural Quartz Crystal as a Reference Material for Microanalytical Determination of Ti,Al, Li,Fe, Mn,Ga and Ge 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 Andreas Audétat Dieter Garbe‐Schönberg Andreas Kronz Thomas Pettke Brian Rusk John J. Donovan Heather A. Lowers 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2015,39(2):171-184
A natural smoky quartz crystal from Shandong province, China, was characterised by laser ablation ICP‐MS, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and solution ICP‐MS to determine the concentration of twenty‐four trace and ultra trace elements. Our main focus was on Ti quantification because of the increased use of this element for titanium‐in‐quartz (TitaniQ) thermobarometry. Pieces of a uniform growth zone of 9 mm thickness within the quartz crystal were analysed in four different LA‐ICP‐MS laboratories, three EPMA laboratories and one solution‐ICP‐MS laboratory. The results reveal reproducible concentrations of Ti (57 ± 4 μg g?1), Al (154 ± 15 μg g?1), Li (30 ± 2 μg g?1), Fe (2.2 ± 0.3 μg g?1), Mn (0.34 ± 0.04 μg g?1), Ge (1.7 ± 0.2 μg g?1) and Ga (0.020 ± 0.002 μg g?1) and detectable, but less reproducible, concentrations of Be, B, Na, Cu, Zr, Sn and Pb. Concentrations of K, Ca, Sr, Mo, Ag, Sb, Ba and Au were below the limits of detection of all three techniques. The uncertainties on the average concentration determinations by multiple techniques and laboratories for Ti, Al, Li, Fe, Mn, Ga and Ge are low; hence, this quartz can serve as a reference material or a secondary reference material for microanalytical applications involving the quantification of trace elements in quartz. 相似文献
19.
S. K. Kuznetsov E. N. Svetova S. N. Shanina V. N. Filippov 《Geochemistry International》2012,50(11):911-925
Vein quartz from the Nether Polar Ural Province was examined by atomic emission spectrometry, gas chromatography, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electron microscopy. According to atomic emission spectrometric analysis, the total concentration of Al, Fe, Mg, Ti, Ca, Na, K, and other minor elements in the quartz varies from 8 to 47 ppm. The lowest concentrations of minor elements were detected in the granulated quartz. Giant-crystalline milk-white quartz is noted for higher concentrations of minor elements, including Na, K, and Ca, because it contains gas-liquid inclusions. The fine-grained quartz contains very small mineral inclusions and is thus noted for elevated concentrations of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and Ti. Gas chromatographic data on the gas phase separated from the quartz at its heating indicate that this phase contains H2O, CO2, and other components. The H2O concentration reaches 429 ??g/g, while the CO2 content is commonly no higher than 20 ??g/g. Gas separation is at a maximum at temperatures of 100?C600°C, when gasliquid inclusions decrepitate, as is typical, first of all, of the giant-crystalline milk-white quartz. Gas separation continues at higher temperatures (below 1000°C) but is much less intense. The electron microscopic examination of quartz grains after their acid treatment indicates that the surface of these grains is covered by caverns of various morphology and size, which were produced by the partial dissolution of the quartz and the opening of its gas-liquid and mineral inclusions occurring near the surface; the inclusions were not, however, completely removed. The crystal structure of the quartz contains minor Al, Ge, Na, Li, Ti, and Fe. The lowest concentrations of Al and Ge paramagnetic centers are typical of the granulated (recrystallized) and fine-grained quartz. The giant-crystalline quartz, including its transparent varieties, and individual quartz crystals, first of all their smoky-citrine varieties, contain higher concentrations of minor elements. In the Nether Polar Ural Province, granulated quartz is potentially promising for producing especially pure quartz concentrates. The quality of the translucent coarse-to giant-crystalline quartz, which predominates in the resources and reserves, is deteriorated by gas-liquid inclusions in it and requires deep processing of the raw minerals. 相似文献
20.
乌鲁木齐河源区大气降水的化学特征 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：11
根据乌鲁木齐河源区一个完整年周期的大气降水样品，初步探讨了该研究区域的降水化学特征，结果表明，在所有被测离子中，阳离子成分以Ca^2 为主，阴离子成分以SO4^2-为主，Ca2 ,Mg2 ,Na ,K ,SO4^2-,NO3^-和Cl-的浓度范围分别为0－12．63ug.g^-1,0-2.0ug.g^-1,0.03-5.56ug.g^-1,0-5.57ug.g^-1,0.19-40.46ug.g^-1,0-11.58ug.g^-1和0－24．43ug.g^-1，通过相关分析和经验正交函数分析，确定降水化学成分主要来源于区域性粉尘物质，局地来源物质，人类活动产生的酸性成分以及海洋或周围盐湖来源物质等，虽然区域性粉尘物质对降水化学特征的影响居于主导地,但降水中的Ca^2 受局地来源物质的影响较大，NO3－为主要的污染物，并在相当大程度上控制降水的酸碱性，海洋或周围盐湖来源物质处于非常次要的位置。 相似文献