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1.
PM_(2.5)降尘作用于A549细胞后,MTT法检测细胞存活率,扫描电镜观察细胞形态,流式细胞术检测细胞周期改变,RT-PCR检测周期阻滞相关基因p53、p21、CDK1、c-myc和lncRNA H19的表达水平,Western-blot检测周期蛋白cyclin B1表达。通过转染H19 siRNA干扰H19的表达,RT-PCR检测其对p53、c-myc及CDK1表达的影响,以探讨PM2.5降尘诱导A549细胞周期阻滞的作用机制。结果显示,PM2.5降尘暴露可降低A549细胞存活率,随作用浓度及时间增加呈递减趋势,并可观察到细胞形态破坏,细胞膜表面吸附聚集大量粉尘颗粒。PM2.5作用于细胞24 h后,A549细胞增殖阻滞在G2/M期,周期阻滞相关基因p53、p21及H19表达增加,CDK1及cyclin B1表达降低。此外,转染H19 siRNA后成功干扰H19的表达,并调控CDK1表达进一步降低。综合以上结果,PM2.5降尘处理A549细胞后可通过激活p53及p21活性,抑制CDK1和cyclin B1表达水平,诱导G2/M期阻滞从而抑制细胞增殖。短期暴露于PM2.5后,lncRNA H19在染毒细胞中可能发挥特异性癌基因的作用,通过与p53及c-myc结合参与调控细胞周期,干扰H19低表达使细胞G2/M期阻滞更加明显。 相似文献
2.
探讨活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)在温石棉激活线粒体通路诱导A549凋亡中的作用。采用不同浓度温石棉粉尘染毒人肺上皮细胞(A549)后,MTT法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测ROS抑制剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC)预处理前后的细胞凋亡率、胞内ROS水平及线粒体膜电位,Western Blot法检测各组细胞半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)、p53蛋白表达水平。实验结果显示,温石棉可降低A549细胞存活率,呈现时间-剂量效应关系;NAC可显著减少胞内ROS水平、阻止线粒体膜电位下降,并下调caspase-3、p53蛋白的表达水平,抑制部分细胞凋亡的发生。表明ROS可通过诱导p53蛋白过表达,激活线粒体凋亡通路,诱导A549细胞发生凋亡。 相似文献
3.
为探讨复合维生素B(叶酸、B_6和B_(12))能否抑制PM_(2.5)对大鼠的急性肺损伤作用,本研究将56只SD大鼠随机分成对照组、不同剂量(0. 4、2. 0、10. 0 mg/m L) PM_(2.5)染毒组和相应的复合维生素B干预组(0. 02 mg/m L叶酸、1 mg/m L维生素B6、0. 002 5 mg/m L维生素B12),取肺组织进行HE染色观察组织病理学形态变化并进行病理学评分;收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)测定总蛋白(TP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的含量。结果显示,PM_(2.5)染毒能对大鼠肺组织造成不同程度的病理性损伤,复合维生素B能减缓此损伤;与对照组相比,低、中、高剂量的PM_(2.5)染毒大鼠可引起BALF中LDH、AKP、ACP、TP和MDA含量显著升高(P 0. 05),而SOD和CAT活性显著降低(P 0. 05),且TP和MDA含量随染毒剂量的增加而升高(P 0. 05),CAT活性随染毒剂量的增加而降低; 3个染毒剂量的复合维生素B干预组LDH、TP和MDA含量显著降低(P 0. 05),而SOD和CAT活性显著升高(P 0. 05); PM_(2.5)低、高剂量+复合维生素B组BALF中ACP含量显著降低(P 0. 05); PM_(2.5)中剂量+复合维生素B组BALF中ACP含量无显著改变;仅有PM_(2.5)低剂量+复合维生素B组AKP含量降低(P 0. 05),其余干预组AKP含量无显著变化。因此认为,PM_(2.5)降尘能打破机体的氧化-抗氧化平衡,造成大鼠急性肺损伤,而复合维生素B能减缓此损伤,对机体起到保护作用。 相似文献
4.
为评估大气重污染期间北京市可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))的毒性,采集2016年3月份一次大气重污染过程中北京市大气PM_(10)样品,应用质粒DNA损伤评价法来研究其氧化损伤能力。结果表明,雾霾期间PM_(10)对DNA的损伤率高于雾霾逐渐消退时期,远高于雾霾前期清洁天,颗粒物对DNA损伤率随剂量的增加而增加。雾霾前后PM_(10)水溶样品的平均TD_(20)值表现为雾霾前清洁天(788.01μg/mL)雾霾消退后期(470.40μg/mL)雾霾期间(55.78μg/mL),说明氧化能力雾霾期间雾霾消退后期雾霾前清洁天。另外通过雾霾前后数据对比得到,暴露毒性指数TI大小顺序为雾霾期间(13 245.06)雾霾消退后期(1 658.87)雾霾前清洁天(254.08),说明雾霾期间PM_(10)对人体危害更大。 相似文献
5.
6.
通过噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法、微核试验、单细胞凝胶电泳实验(SCGE),检测了3种硅酸盐矿物粉体(绢云母、石英、钠长石)对V79和A549细胞存活率、微核及DNA损伤的影响,比较和探讨了3种硅酸盐矿物粉体细胞遗传毒性的差异。研究结果表明,3种硅酸盐矿物粉体均不同程度抑制细胞增殖,诱发细胞染色体和DNA损伤,作用大小顺序均为绢云母石英钠长石,且对V79细胞的增殖抑制率和DNA损伤率均明显强于A549细胞,推测一定浓度范围内的硅酸盐矿物粉体对细胞遗传物质的稳定性可能存在影响,对人体可能具有遗传毒性。 相似文献
7.
纤蛇纹石石棉及代用纤维粉尘的光谱研究与噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以纤蛇纹石石棉、陶瓷纤维、玻璃纤维、岩棉、硅灰石为受试物,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测染毒72h后V79细胞的存活率,并通过吉姆萨染色观察细胞形态学上的变化。不同浓度ρ/(μg.ml-1)的矿物粉尘(100,200,400,600,800,1000)作用72h后,V79存活率下降,细胞增殖明显受到抑制并出现大量细胞衰亡,呈现出剂量效应关系,且细胞毒性大小为玻璃纤维>纤蛇纹石石棉>陶瓷纤维>硅灰石>岩棉;形态学观察发现染毒细胞出现空泡、肿胀、裸核、黑褐色颗粒以及胞浆胞核模糊、形态变化等现象,且不同的粉尘对V79细胞的影响不同。总体而言,岩棉是五种粉尘中毒性最低的石棉代用纤维。 相似文献
8.
《地球化学》2020,(3)
细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))对气候、空气质量和人体健康具有显著影响,水溶性无机离子是PM_(2.5)主要成分。在2018-01-24至2018-02-20期间,宁波地区经历了一系列低温和PM_(2.5)浓度较高的天气过程,利用在线离子色谱(MARGA)和颗粒物化学组分监测仪(ACSM)监测宁波气溶胶的无机离子,研究了PM_(2.5)和亚微米细颗粒物(PM_(1.0))中硫酸根(SO_4~(2-))、硝酸根(NO_3~-)和铵根(NH_4~+)(三者统称为SNA)的变化特征。结果表明,SNA的质量浓度均与PM_(2.5)有明显正相关;随PM_(2.5)质量浓度的增加,SO_4~(2-)当量浓度(摩尔浓度×所带电荷数)百分比呈现减少趋势,而NO_3~-百分比呈现增加趋势;NH_4~+百分比未呈现明显变化趋势;NH_4~+主要分布在1.0μm以下粒径的颗粒物中,SO_4~(2-)主要分布在1.0～2.5μm的粒径的颗粒物中;PM_(2.5)中NH_4~+当量浓度百分比低于PM_(1.0)。0～1.0μm粒径段的颗粒物中NH_4~+可以完全中和SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-,形成硫酸铵和硝酸铵,还可形成其他形态的铵盐;1.0～2.5μm粒径段的颗粒物中NH_4~+不能完全中和SO_4~(2-)及NO_3~-,NH_4~+当量浓度低于SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-两者当量浓度之和,SNA主要以硝酸铵和硫酸铵形式存在,还存在其他形态的硝酸盐或硫酸盐。本次工作通过对PM_(2.5)和PM_(1.0)中SNA存在形式及其在不同粒径中主导成分的研究,为宁波市大气污染特征的了解提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
城市大气颗粒物暴露与人群健康不利效应密切相关,由于颗粒物来源广泛、组成复杂,其引致的健康毒性效应不尽相同。本研究旨在探查城市颗粒物的化学组成、来源及其对人体细胞的毒性效应。采集泰国曼谷城区一年的大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品,分析水溶性离子、微量金属元素、碳质组分及有机分子标志物含量,并利用正定矩阵因子(PMF)模型解析曼谷TSP来源;测定人肺上皮细胞A549暴露于TSP水萃取组分和有机萃取组分后细胞毒性的变化,包括细胞存活率、活性氧(ROS)生成、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)及细胞凋亡。结果表明,曼谷TSP浓度呈现干季高、湿季低的季节趋势,有机组分和水溶性离子是TSP的主要组分(>50%)。PMF模型解析结果显示,生物质燃烧(24.7%)、陆地化石燃料燃烧(21.1%)和土壤扬尘(20.6%)是干季内曼谷TSP质量浓度的主要贡献者,而湿季内曼谷TSP的主要来源为陆地化石燃料燃烧(29.5%)、生物质燃烧(16.6%)及海盐(16.0%)。曼谷TSP水萃取组分和有机萃取组分均可引起A549细胞毒性,其中TSP有机萃取组分暴露后的细胞具有更高的死亡率、ROS水平和凋亡率,而TSP水萃... 相似文献
10.
为了探索大气颗粒物中石英粉尘诱导气道炎症反应的分子机制,采用XRD对石英粉尘进行了物相分析,并以支气管上皮细胞作为染毒对象,将石英粉尘作用于细胞24 h后,CCK-8检测细胞存活率,ELISA检测培养上清液中的白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的浓度,Western Blot检测TLR4的表达,使用Toll样受体4特异性抑制剂TAK 242预处理后检测IL-6、IL-8、TLR4水平。实验结果显示,石英粉尘的主要物相是石英,并含部分方解石;随着石英粉尘染毒浓度的增加,细胞相对存活率下降;与对照组相比,100μg/mL组上清液中IL-6与IL-8浓度显著增加(P<0.01);50、75和100μg/mL组的高水平IL-6和IL-8可被TAK 242拮抗,使用TAK 242预处理后,100μg/mL组IL-6、IL-8浓度显著降低(P<0.01);TLR4的表达量随石英粉尘浓度增加而升高,且TAK 242的干预可以有效阻止TLR4通路的活化。研究结果表明,石英粉尘可以刺激支气管上皮细胞分泌高浓度的炎症因子,其机制可能是TLR4信号通路的活化。 相似文献
11.
Elastic and thermoelastic constants of large single crystals of Ca2MgSi2O7 and Ca2ZnSi2O7 have been derived from ultrasonic resonance frequencies of plane-parallel plates and their shift upon variation of temperature, respectively. In addition, coefficients of thermal expansion and dielectric constants were determined. Both species possess quite similar properties. As observed in other isotypic magnesium and zinc compounds, the mean elastic stiffness and the deviation from the Cauchy relations are significantly larger in the zinc compound, due to a covalent contribution of the Zn–O bond. Positive thermoelastic constants T44 and T66 in Ca2MgSi2O7 allow temperature-independent ultrasonic generators and oscillators to be manufactured. 相似文献
12.
含Ti硅酸盐玻璃在基础科学研究和应用技术开发上均有重要价值,亟需对其进行准确的成分分析,为进一步的科研工作提供重要的数据支撑.对玻璃进行电子探针分析时,由于样品的易损性和其中(Na和K)阳离子在电子束轰击下极易发生迁移和扩散,因此往往需要经过条件实验来确定合适的分析条件,确保样品在该条件下能够保持尽量稳定的状态,才能获... 相似文献
13.
Hydrometallurgical processing and recovery of molybdenum trioxide from spent catalyst 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Kyung Ho Park B. Ramachandra Reddy D. Mohapatra Chul-Woo Nam 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006,80(2-4):261-265
Hydrometallurgical processing of spent hydrodesulphurisation (HDS) catalyst for the recovery of molybdenum using sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide mixtures was investigated. The results indicated that the recovery of molybdenum was largely dependent on the concentrations of Na2CO3 and H2O2 in the reaction medium, which controls the acidity of the leach liquor and carry over of impurities such as Al, Ni, P, Si and V. Leaching process was exothermic and leaching efficiency of molybdenum decreased with increasing solid to liquid ratio. Large scale leaching of spent catalyst, under optimum conditions: 20% pulp density, 85 g/L Na2CO3, 10 vol.% H2O2 and 1 h reaction, resulted a leaching efficiency of 84% Mo. The obtained leach liquor contained (g/L): Mo — 22.0, Ni — 0.015 and Al — 0.82, P — 1.1, Si — 0.094 and minor quantities of V — 8 mg/L, As and Co — < 1 mg/L. Recovery of Mo from leach solution as MoO3 of 97.30% purity was achieved by ammonium molybdate precipitation method. 相似文献
14.
Classical atomistic simulation techniques have been used to investigate the energies of hydrogen defects in Mg2SiO4 and Mg2GeO4 spinels. Ringwoodite (γ-Mg2SiO4) is considered to be the most abundant mineral in the lower part of the transition zone and can incorporate large amounts
of water in the form of hydroxyls, whereas the germanate spinel (γ-Mg2GeO4) corresponds to a low-pressure structural analogue for ringwoodite. The calculated defect energies indicate that the most
favourable mechanisms for hydrogen incorporation are coupled either with the reduction of ferric iron or with the creation
of tetrahedral vacancies. Hydrogen will go preferentially into tetrahedral vacancies, eventually leading to the formation
of the hydrogarnet defect, before associating with other negatively charged point defects. The presence of isolated hydroxyls
is not expected. The same trend is observed for germanate, and thus γ-Mg2GeO4 could be used as a low-pressure analogue for ringwoodite in studies of water-related defects and their effect on physical
properties. 相似文献
16.
Gianluca Iezzi Mario Tribaudino Giancarlo Della Ventura Fabrizio Nestola Fabio Bellatreccia 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(7):515-523
The synthetic amphibole Na0.95(Li0.95Mg1.05)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 was studied in situ at high-T, using IR OH-stretching spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. At room-T the sample has P21
/m symmetry, as shown by the FTIR spectrum. It shows in the OH region two well-defined and intense absorptions at 3,748 and
3,712 cm−1, respectively, and two minor bands at 3,667 and 3,687 cm−1. The main bands are assigned to the two independent O–H groups in the primitive structure. The two minor bands evidencing
the presence of small amount of vacant A-site (A□0.05). With increasing T, these bands shift continuously and merge into a unique absorption at high temperature. A change as a function of increasing
T is revealed by the evolution of the refined unit-cell parameters, whose trend shows a transition to C2/m at about 320–330°C. The spontaneous scalar strain, fitted with a tricritical 2–6 Landau potential, gives a T
c of 325(10)°C (β parameter = 0.27). Comparison with the second-order P21
/m ⇔ C2/m phase transition at 255°C for synthetic amphibole ANa0.8B(Na0.8Mg1.2)CMg5Si8O22(OH)2 indicates that the substitution of Na with Li at the B-sites strongly affects the thermodynamic character and the T
c of the phase transition. The comparison of LNMSH amphiboles with cummingtonitic ones shows that the high-T thermodynamic behaviour is affected by A-site occupancy. 相似文献
17.
We present results from low-temperature heat capacity measurements of spinels along the solid solution between MgAl2O4 and MgCr2O4. The data also include new low-temperature heat capacity measurements for MgAl2O4 spinel. Heat capacities were measured between 1.5 and 300 K, and thermochemical functions were derived from the results.
No heat capacity anomaly was observed for MgAl2O4 spinel; however, we observe a low-temperature heat capacity anomaly for Cr-bearing spinels at temperatures below 15 K. From
our data we calculate standard entropies (298.15 K) for Mg(Cr,Al)2O4 spinels. We suggest a standard entropy for MgAl2O4 of 80.9 ± 0.6 J mol−1 K−1. For the solid solution between MgAl2O4 and MgCr2O4, we observe a linear increase of the standard entropies from 80.9 J mol−1 K−1 for MgAl2O4 to 118.3 J mol−1 K−1 for MgCr2O4. 相似文献
18.
The high-pressure behavior of a vanadinite (Pb10(VO4)6Cl2, a = b = 10.3254(5), c = 7.3450(4) Å, space group P63/m), a natural microporous mineral, has been investigated using in-situ HP-synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 7.67 GPa with a diamond anvil cell under hydrostatic conditions. No phase transition has been observed within the pressure range investigated. Axial and volume isothermal Equations of State (EoS) of vanadinite were determined. Fitting the P–V data with a third-order Birch-Murnaghan (BM) EoS, using the data weighted by the uncertainties in P and V, we obtained: V 0 = 681(1) Å3, K 0 = 41(5) GPa, and K′ = 12.5(2.5). The evolution of the lattice constants with P shows a strong anisotropic compression pattern. The axial bulk moduli were calculated with a third-order “linearized” BM-EoS. The EoS parameters are: a 0 = 10.3302(2) Å, K 0(a) = 35(2) GPa and K′(a) = 10(1) for the a-axis; c 0 = 7.3520(3) Å, K 0(c) = 98(4) GPa, and K′(c) = 9(2) for the c-axis (K 0(a):K 0(c) = 1:2.80). Axial and volume Eulerian-finite strain (fe) at different normalized stress (Fe) were calculated. The weighted linear regression through the data points yields the following intercept values: Fe a (0) = 35(2) GPa for the a-axis, Fe c (0) = 98(4) GPa for the c-axis and Fe V (0) = 45(2) GPa for the unit-cell volume. The slope of the regression lines gives rise to K′ values of 10(1) for the a-axis, 9(2) for the c-axis and 11(1) for the unit cell-volume. A comparison between the HP-elastic response of vanadinite and the iso-structural apatite is carried out. The possible reasons of the elastic anisotropy are discussed. 相似文献
19.
The influence on the structure of Fe2+ Mg substitution was studied in synthetic single crystals belonging to the MgCr2O4–FeCr2O4 series produced by flux growth at 900–1200 °C in controlled atmosphere. Samples were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analyses, optical absorption-, infrared- and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The Mössbauer data show that iron occurs almost exclusively as IVFe2+. Only minor Fe3+ (<0.005 apfu) was observed in samples with very low total Fe. Optical absorption spectra show that chromium with few exceptions is present as a trivalent cation at the octahedral site. Additional absorption bands attributable to Cr2+ and Cr3+ at the tetrahedral site are evident in spectra of end-member magnesiochromite and solid-solution crystals with low ferrous contents. Structural parameters a0, u and T–O increase with chromite content, while the M–O bond distance remains nearly constant, with an average value equal to 1.995(1) Å corresponding to the Cr3+ octahedral bond distance. The ideal trend between cell parameter, T–O bond length and Fe2+ content (apfu) is described by the following linear relations: a0=8.3325(5) + 0.0443(8)Fe2+ (Å) and T–O=1.9645(6) + 0.033(1)Fe2+ (Å) Consequently, Fe2+ and Mg tetrahedral bond lengths are equal to 1.998(1) Å and 1.965(1) Å, respectively. 相似文献
20.
Baghdadite from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan shows a bright yellow fluorescence under UV (Hg 253.7 nm) excitation. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum at 300 K consists of one large band near 580 nm and two small UV bands at 318 and 397 nm. The optical excitation spectrum of the bright yellow fluorescence consists of two bands near 220 and 250 nm. The temperature dependence of the PL intensity exhibits linear thermal quenching. To reveal the origin of the bright yellow fluorescence from baghdadite, powder Ca3(Zr,Ti)Si2O9 crystals are synthesized. Synthetic Ca3(Zr,Ti)Si2O9 shows luminescence spectra similar to those of baghdadite, and the intensity of the yellow fluorescence is markedly increased by titanium addition. The origin of the bright yellow fluorescence from baghdadite is ascribed to the existence of titanium. 相似文献