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1.
西秦岭印支期花岗岩类分布十分广泛,形成时代集中于248~234Ma和224~211Ma两个阶段.其中,夏河岩体(248~238Ma)和温泉岩体(223~216Ma)的部分样品被厘定为埃达克岩(Sr>400×10-6,Yb<2×10-6),指示陆壳厚度大于50km.本文对西秦岭同仁地区舍哈力吉岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年、岩石学、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究.舍哈力吉岩体主要由石英二长岩组成,同时含有许多暗色镁铁质微粒包体(MME).寄主岩中发育少量的钾长石巨晶,并且部分巨晶具有环斑结构.舍哈力吉石英二长岩化学成分比较均一,而且也显示出类似埃达克岩的一些地球化学特点,如富SiO2(66.07%~67.52%)和Al2O3(14.85%~15.95%),高Sr(560×10-6~692×10-6),低Y(11.4×10-6~12.9×10-6)和Yb(0.99×10-6~1.09×10-6),并具有较高的(La/Yb)N比值(27.8~34.3)和微弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.77~0.95).锆石U-Pb测年结果为234.1±0.5Ma,表明其形成于印支早期.岩石为偏铝质、高钾钙碱性系列且K2O/Na2O>1,高Mg#(59~60)、Cr(69.1×10-6~81.2×10-6)和Ni(31.6×10-6~36.1×10-6),以富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U)而相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ti、P)为特征,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7075~0.7077,εNd(t)=-6.3~-6.1,亏损地幔模式年龄为1.25~1.33Ga.舍哈力吉石英二长岩起源于石榴角闪岩相古老下地壳的部分熔融,之后经历了壳幔岩浆混合作用和以斜长石为主的分离结晶作用.寄主岩的环斑结构和相对一致的地球化学特征,很可能是高温幔源熔体对壳源富钾高黏度岩浆改造所导致的晶粥快速再活化的结果.西秦岭在印支早期可能并未经历显著的地壳加厚过程.西秦岭印支早期花岗岩类形成于活动大陆边缘局部伸展环境,可能与古特提斯洋壳俯冲极性的改变有关.  相似文献   

2.
康磊  刘良  曹玉亭  王超  杨文强  梁莎 《岩石学报》2013,29(9):3039-3048
出露于阿尔金构造带南缘北部塔特勒克布拉克复式花岗质岩体东段的片麻状花岗岩, SiO2为71.88%~73.92%, Al2O3为13.39%~14.14%, K2O+Na2O为8.18%~8.85%, K2O/Na2O=1.54~2.33, A/CNK介于1.02~1.09之间, 属高钾钙碱性系列的弱过铝质岩石。该岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE), 亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE); ∑REE较高且变化范围大(∑REE=98.57×10-6~579.1×10-6, 平均338.8×10-6), 具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.22~0.71, 平均0.34), LREE相对富集, 轻重稀土分馏明显。Nb/Ta=11.78~15.83、Zr/Hf=34.94~36.82及Th/U=8.4~12.7, 结合源岩判别图解, 推断其源区物质主要来源于上地壳的变泥砂质沉积岩类。微量元素及稀土元素特征暗示原岩部分熔融残留相的矿物组合可能为石榴石+斜长石+金红石, 全岩Zr饱和温度计计算结果显示部分熔融温度>800℃, 推断该岩石形成于麻粒岩相条件下云母和角闪石脱水诱发的部分熔融。该岩石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb原位定年结果为: 761±54Ma(上交点年龄), 451±1.7Ma(核部)和411.3±1.8Ma(边部), 锆石核部Th/U平均为0.64, 边部Th/U平均为0.05。结合区内超高压榴辉岩的原岩形成时代、峰期变质与退变质时代分别为约750Ma、500Ma与450Ma的研究资料(Liu et al., 2012)综合分析, 塔特勒克布拉克片麻状花岗岩的原岩时代为782.3±6.9Ma, 可能与罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解事件有关; 花岗岩结晶年龄为451±1.7Ma, 形成于俯冲碰撞造山后抬升阶段, 对应于区内深俯冲陆壳的折返时代, 此时超高压变质岩石发生了麻粒岩相的退变质作用, 随后411.3±1.8Ma又受到另一期地质事件的改造。  相似文献   

3.
本文以华北陆块东部早白垩世滁州闪长玢岩和管店石英闪长岩为研究对象,报道了新的全岩地球化学（主量元素、微量元素以及Sr-Nd同位素）以及锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素的综合研究结果,进而约束其岩石成因和构造意义。滁州闪长玢岩中锆石发育振荡环带,管店石英闪长岩中锆石具条痕状吸收的特点,它们均为岩浆成因。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,滁州和管店闪长质锆石年龄分别为128±1Ma和130±2Ma,表明二者均形成于早白垩世。地球化学特征显示,滁州和管店闪长质岩石具有类似的主量元素和微量元素组成,整体具中等的SiO2含量（58.55%~60.12%）和富MgO（4.43%~5.10%,Mg#=57~61）的特征,Na2O/K2O比值为1.20~1.47,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石;富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素（如Rb、Ba）,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf）,并具不同程度的Eu负异常（δEu=0.85~0.93）。它们具高的Sr（575×10-6~1035×10-6）和低的Y含量（10.2×10-6~15.3×10-6）以及高的Sr/Y比值（57~69）,属于埃达克质岩石。此外,滁州和管店闪长质岩石具有类似的Sr-Nd以及锆石Hf同位素的特征,滁州闪长玢岩的87Sr/86Sr初始比值介于0.7061~0.7066之间,εNd（t）值为-17.7~-16.9,锆石εHf（t）值变化于-23.1~-19.1之间,而管店石英闪长岩的87Sr/86Sr初始比值为0.7046~0.7059,εNd（t）值为-18.7~-15.8,锆石εHf（t）值为-25.6~-20.0。综合上述,滁州和管店闪长质岩石均属于高镁埃达克质岩石,起源于拆沉的加厚下地壳部分熔融的熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应的产物,形成于早白垩世华北东部陆块拆沉作用下的伸展背景。  相似文献   

4.
具有特殊成因机制的埃达克质岩石是探究深部岩浆动力学过程与区域构造演化的重要岩石探针之一。本文对北祁连造山带东段宁夏南华山地区出露的石洼里花岗岩进行了系统的锆石U-Pb年龄、主量-微量元素及锆石原位Hf同位素分析,以探讨其岩石成因及地球动力学意义。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明石洼里花岗岩侵位年龄为452±4 Ma, 为晚奥陶世岩浆活动的产物。岩石具有较高的SiO2(68.60%~71.42%)、Al2O3(14.95%~15.75%)和Na2O(5.06%~5.79%)含量,较低的K2O(2.23%~3.10%)、MgO(0.91%~1.73%)含量和较高的Mg# 值(55~59),属弱过铝质钙碱性系列岩石; 岩石具有高Ba(1 025×10-6~1 250×10-6)、Sr(324×10-6~577×10-6)和低Y(6.99×10-6~7.69×10-6)、Yb(0.65×10-6~0.71×10-6)含量,较高的Sr/Y(45~79)和(La/Yb)N(17~31)值,且无明显Eu负异常。锆石εHf(t)值相对较高,变化范围为+0.5~+15.5。主量-微量元素及同位素分析结果表明石洼里花岗岩具有高镁埃达克岩的典型特征, 可能是在30~40 km深度的岛弧基性下地壳部分熔融的产物,其源区中可能存在早古生代的新生地壳。结合区内蛇绿岩、高压变质岩、弧岩浆岩的研究成果, 笔者认为受北祁连原特提斯洋北向俯冲影响,石洼里高镁埃达克岩形成于老虎山弧后盆地洋壳在晚奥陶世的南向俯冲过程中。  相似文献   

5.
新疆拜城县波孜果尔A型花岗岩类岩体位于塔里木地台北缘及邻区的近东西向碱性侵入岩带上,主要岩石类型为霓石钠闪石英碱长正长岩、霓石钠闪碱长花岗岩、黑云母碱长正长岩。全岩SiO2=68.97%~74.14%,Na2O+K2O=9.67%~11.19%,Al2O3=13.72%~15.26%,Fe2O3=0.18%~1.41%,FeO=0.91%~1.51%,CaO=0.35%~0.63%。稀土元素总量较高,ΣREE=298×10-6~1286×10-6,平均706×10-6,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,强烈的Eu负异常,呈“右倾海鸥型”的稀土元素配分模式。富Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=936×10-6~3684×10-6,平均1813×10-6。为A1型花岗岩。岩体形成于早二叠纪。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为287.7~291.6Ma,平均289.8Ma,岩体形成后,在279.1~282Ma左右经历了后期热液流体的改造。锆石εHf（t）值为-6.3~9.0,两阶段模式年龄（tDM2）跨越古元古代晚期-新元古代中期,主要集中在中元古代。岩浆平均温度832~839℃,形成于非造山的板内构造环境,且具高温、无水、低氧逸度的成岩特点。该岩体具有壳幔混源的特点。  相似文献   

6.
本文对江达-维西火山岩浆弧德钦岩体的寄主岩石——花岗闪长岩及其镁铁质微粒包体(MME)——闪长岩进行了详细研究。二者LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为254.6±1.8Ma和253.5±1.6Ma,二者形成时代一致。地球化学研究结果表明,花岗闪长岩富K2O和Na2O,且K2O>Na2O,富Al2O3,A/CNK平均为0.96;闪长岩富K2O和Na2O,但K2O2O,富Al2O3和MgO,A/CNK平均为0.72;花岗闪长岩的稀土总量低于闪长岩,二者轻重稀土分馏明显,配分曲线为右倾的轻稀土富集型;二者均富集大离子亲石元素而亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta等;二者均具有相对较高的Mg#(58.8~65.8),并具有相对较高的相容元素Cr、Ni含量(花岗闪长岩平均值分别为115×10-6和31.6×10-6,闪长岩平均值分别为398×10-6和98.2×10-6;花岗闪长岩和闪长岩176Hf/177Hf的平均值分别为0.282383和0.282287,二者εHf(t)平均值分别为-8.3和-11.8,反映了二者属于I型花岗岩,可能为岩浆混合作用的产物。地球化学特征及Hf同位素组成一致显示岩浆来源于地壳的部分熔融,伴有不同比例的地幔物质加入,形成于弧陆碰撞-后碰撞的构造背景,暗示金沙江结合带在~255Ma已经进入了弧陆碰撞-后碰撞的地质时期。  相似文献   

7.
马厂箐复式岩体w(SiO2)变化于61.56%～71.63%,平均67.30%（≥56%）;w(Al2O3)变化于13.38%~17.18%,平均15.44%（≥15%）;w(K2O)变化于3.36%~8.92%,平均5.35%,w(K2O)+ w(Na2O)变化于7.75%~11.55%,平均9.08%,w(K2O)/ w(Na2O)变化于0.65~4.00,平均1.49,明显地具高钾钙碱性或钾玄岩系列的特征;w(MgO)变化于0.40%~4.59%,平均1.11%。在R1-R2图解中处在造山晚期和同碰撞期岩浆岩的范围内。地球化学特征显示高场强元素HFSE（Nb、Ta、Ti）相对亏损,wSr高（337×10-6~1 046×10-6）,wY主要集中在6.2×10-6~15.8×10-6之间（≤18×10-6）,wYb变化于0.20×10-6~1.63×10-6之间（≤1.9×10-6）,轻重稀土元素强烈分异,且具有明显的轻稀土富集的特点,LREE/HREE变化于8.02~24.01,wSr/wY变化于40.5~57.4之间,平均48.2（＞40）,wLa/wYb变化于17.5~75.1之间,平均43.4（＞20）,wSc变化于2.5×10-6~7.9×10-6之间(＜10×10-6);δEu 变化于0.81~1.38之间,显示出弧火山与埃达克岩的过渡特征,可称为似埃达克岩或总体上属于C型埃达克岩。  相似文献   

8.
叶现韬  张传林 《岩石学报》2020,36(11):3397-3413
塔里木克拉通前寒武纪构造演化，特别是早前寒武纪构造演化一直是地质学家讨论的焦点。本文通过对阿尔金北缘新太古代TTG片麻岩进行详细的野外调查、岩相学观察、地球化学分析以及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年来揭示该岩石的成因以及探讨塔里木克拉通早前寒武纪构造演化。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果显示阿尔金北缘TTG片麻岩的形成年龄为2740±19Ma，而后经历了新太古代（2494±53Ma）混合岩化作用和古元古代（1962±78Ma）麻粒岩相变质作用。阿尔金北缘英云闪长质片麻岩显示低的MgO含量（1.33%~3.08%）和Mg#（37~52），具有高Sr（469×10-6~764×10-6）含量、低Y（4.72×10-6~13.5×10-6）和Yb（0.37×10-6~0.99×10-6）含量的特点，它们的Sr/Y比值可达到41~99。岩石的这些特征与基性下地壳部分熔融形成的TTG相同。并且，该新太古代TTG片麻岩还具有正的εNd（t）值（0.2~3.6）、高的Nd同位素初始值（0.509088~0.509260）和古太古代两阶段模式年龄（3.62~3.70Ga）。因此，阿尔金北缘新太古代TTG片麻岩可能来源于基性下地壳部分熔融，并且岩浆源区有石榴石、角闪石和金红石的残留。综合前人的研究成果，对比相邻区域TTG的形成时代，变质事件的记录以及太古宙地壳增生差异都指示阿尔金北缘和敦煌-库鲁塔格地区可能来源于不同的大陆块体。  相似文献   

9.
中新世是青藏高原隆升、增厚的重要时期,并且在这一时期内拉萨地块广泛发育碰撞后岩浆岩。本文对南拉萨地块米拉山地区的钙碱性钾质火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素和全岩主量、微量元素的测定与系统研究。米拉山中新世火山岩为粗面英安岩、英安岩和流纹岩（SiO2=59.89%~71.78%）。锆石U-Pb定年结果为16.1±0.2Ma~20.4±0.3Ma,表明其喷发时代为中新世。岩石具有较高的Al2O3含量（13.54%~16.31%）,低MgO（0.46%~1.95%）、高Sr（388×10-6~804×10-6）、低Y（6.55×10-6~11.20×10-6）和Yb（0.70×10-6~1.07×10-6）的特征,具有较高的Sr/Y值（51~80）、低相容元素（Cr=4.26×10-6~32.53×10-6,Ni=4.16×10-6~25.75×10-6）和弱Eu负异常。岩石具有轻稀土元素和Rb、Th、U、K等元素富集、重稀土元素和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti亏损的特征。米拉山中新世火山岩显示出埃达克质岩石的地球化学特征,可能来自于的镁铁质加厚下地壳的部分熔融,推测下地壳源区是石榴石角闪岩。锆石εHf（t）值为+2.2~+7.8,表明源区为新生地壳物质,有俯冲板片熔体加入。米拉山中新世火山岩的喷发时代与米拉山断裂活动时间一致,二者可能同为拉萨地块岩石圈拆沉的结果。  相似文献   

10.
阿尔金索尔库里北山彩虹沟塔什达坂群卓阿布拉克组流纹岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 年龄为920±20Ma (MSWD=1.50),代表流纹岩的喷出时间。岩石的SiO2介于68.33%~70.60%,K2O>Na2O,K2O/Na2O平均值6.42,属弱过铝质(ACNK平均为1.25)钙碱性系列(σ平均为2.76),为一套典型的壳源流纹岩岩石系列。稀土元素含量高(平均为211.3×10-6),轻稀土富集(L/H平均为6.57),Eu亏损中等(δEu平均为0.30)。微量元素以富集Rb、Th、K、Zr,而相对亏损Ba、Sr、Eu、Ti、Nb、Ta为特征。岩石微量及稀土元素具有典型的板内火山岩特征,而岩石显著的低Sr特征(25.0×10-6~65.3×10-6,平均值为36.8×10-6))表明其并非源自加厚的地壳,而是起源于斜长石稳定的正常地壳。阿尔金流纹岩是由进入上地壳高位岩浆房的拉斑玄武岩浆的底侵作用直接使上地壳部分熔融,形成酸性火山岩的原始岩浆。该岩浆体系沿区域断裂构造体系上升,并经历了较强的结晶分异和演化,最终形成阿尔金索尔库里北山流纹岩系列。  相似文献   

11.
Granite subduction: Arc subduction, tectonic erosion and sediment subduction   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5  
Continental growth has been episodic, reflecting the episodic nature of mantle dynamics as well as surface dynamics of the Earth, the net result of which is exhibited by the present mantle with two huge reservoirs of TTG rocks, one on the surface continents and the other on the D″ layer on the Core-Mantle Boundary (CMB). During the early half of the Earth history, the felsic continental crust on the surface which formed in an intra-oceanic environment has mostly been subducted into the deep mantle, except in the rare case of parallel arc collision. The growth history of continental crust shows that with its simultaneous formation, a considerable amount must have also been subducted. Such ongoing subduction processes can be seen in the western Pacific region, through tectonic erosion, arc subduction, and sediment-trapped subduction.  相似文献   

12.
The book is the result of a joint meeting ofthe Tectonic Studies Group, the Marine Studies Group and the Volcanic and Magmatic Studies Group hosted by the Geological Society of London in September 2001. It is 382 pages in length and consists of sixteen articles, most of which describe a different example of intra oceanic subduction. All the contributions to this volume are clearly presented and have benefitted from peer review and careful editing.  相似文献   

13.
We present the first application in geodynamics of a (Fast Multipole) Accelerated Boundary Element Method (Accelerated-BEM) for Stokes flow. The approach offers the advantages of a reduced number of computational elements and linear scaling with the problem size. We show that this numerical method can be fruitfully applied for the simulation of several geodynamic systems at the planetary scale in spherical coordinates, and we suggest a general approach for modeling combined mantle convection and plate tectonics. The first part of the paper is devoted to the technical exposition of the new approach, while the second part focuses on the effect played by Earth curvature on the subduction of a very wide oceanic lithosphere (W = 6,000 km and W = 9,000 km), comparing the effects of two different planetary radii (ER = 6,371 km, 2ER = 2 × 6,371 km), corresponding to an "Earth-like" model (ER) and to a "flat Earth" one (2ER). The results show a distinct difference between the two models: while the slab on a "flat Earth" shows a slight undulation, the same subducting plate on the "Earth-like" setting presents a dual behavior characterized by concave curvature at the edges and by a folding with wavelength of the order of magnitude of 1,000 km at the center of the slab.  相似文献   

14.
Magmatism at convergent plate boundaries is related to processes associated with subduction, where H2O brought into the mantle is thought to play an essential role in producing the melts. One of the important aspects of the melting of hydrous systems is that the rock packet can melt during compression corresponding to a gentle or negative dT/dP slope of the solidus curve at relatively low temperatures. Here, the effects of compression on batch and fractional melting of hydrous peridotites in the mantle wedge of subduction zones are estimated, taking account of the flow pattern, energy balance and phase equilibrium constraints. The results show that a significant amount of melt, comparable to the eruption rate on volcanic arcs, can be produced in the downward flow along the plate. Further studies on distribution and transportation of H2O in the mantle wedge and melt segregation processes are required to estimate the importance of compression melting.  相似文献   

15.
俯冲带蛇纹岩的变质过程   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
申婷婷  张立飞  陈晶 《岩石学报》2016,32(4):1206-1218
俯冲带蛇纹岩是俯冲带流体的重要来源,特别是其深部脱水作用对地幔动力学影响深远,是研究俯冲带约80~200km深度范围的地球动力学的关键,因此研究蛇纹岩的变质作用过程及其相关特征矿物(组合)的温压稳定范围具有重要意义。蛇纹岩具有简单的矿物(组合):蛇纹石类、硅镁石类、磁铁矿、氢氧镁石、绿泥石、橄榄石、透辉石、角闪石、滑石等,并且这些矿物(组合)对温压变化不敏感从而很难用来判定蛇纹岩所经历的变质演化轨迹。近几十年来,研究者通过实验岩石学和野外地质观察,主要研究了蛇纹石类矿物和硅镁石类矿物的温压稳定范围,并且试图使用这些特征矿物(组合)来判定俯冲带蛇纹岩的峰期变质条件。本文总结了蛇纹岩中这些主要矿物的温压稳定范围和相关变质反应,并且以中国西南天山蛇纹岩为例,展示使用特征矿物(组合)和叶蛇纹石Al等值线判定蛇纹岩峰期温压条件在实际岩石中的应用。另外,早期对叶蛇纹石的研究表明:随着温压条件的变化,叶蛇纹石的晶体结构会发生相应的调整。表现为单位晶胞内硅氧四面体的个数(m值)发生变化:温度升高,m值变小;压力升高,m值变大,这个发现在高压实验和天然样品中得到了一定程度的验证。本文利用已知峰期温压范围的叶蛇纹石样品分别采用粉末制样法和离子减薄制样法,进行透射电镜测试(TEM)样品的m值,并通过统计的方法获得叶蛇纹石的m值的峰值。结果显示叶蛇纹石的m值的峰值在一定程度上可以用以指示温压条件。本文提出可以用矿物组合、叶蛇纹石Al等值线和叶蛇纹石m值峰值相结合的方法确定蛇纹岩的变质温压条件和P-T轨迹。  相似文献   

16.
俯冲带部分熔融   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  
张泽明  丁慧霞  董昕  田作林 《岩石学报》2020,36(9):2589-2615
俯冲带是地幔对流环的下沉翼，是地球内部的重要物理与化学系统。俯冲带具有比周围地幔更低的温度，因此，一般认为俯冲板片并不会发生部分熔融，而是脱水导致上覆地幔楔发生部分熔融。但是，也有研究认为，在水化的洋壳俯冲过程中可以发生部分熔融。特别是在下列情况下，俯冲洋壳的部分熔融是俯冲带岩浆作用的重要方式。年轻的大洋岩石圈发生低角度缓慢俯冲时，洋壳物质可以发生饱和水或脱水熔融，基性岩部分熔融形成埃达克岩。太古代的俯冲带很可能具有与年轻大洋岩石圈俯冲带类似的热结构，俯冲的洋壳板片部分熔融可以形成英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩。平俯冲大洋高原中的基性岩可以发生部分熔融产生埃达克岩。扩张洋中脊俯冲可以导致板片窗边缘的洋壳部分熔融形成埃达克岩。与俯冲洋壳相比，俯冲的大陆地壳具有很低的水含量，较难发生部分熔融，但在超高压变质陆壳岩石的折返过程中可以经历广泛的脱水熔融。超高压变质岩在地幔深部熔融形成的熔体与地幔相互作用是碰撞造山带富钾岩浆岩的可能成因机制。碰撞造山带的加厚下地壳可经历长期的高温与高压变质和脱水熔融，形成S型花岗岩和埃达克质岩石。  相似文献   

17.
Deep fluids in subduction zones   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  
The fluid inclusions preserved in high and ultrahigh pressure rocks provide direct information on the compositions of fluid phases evolved during subduction zone metamorphism, and on fluid–rock interactions occurring in such deep environments. Recent experiments and petrologic studies of eclogite–facies rocks demonstrate that stability of a number of hydrous phases in all rock systems allows fluid transport into the mantle sources of arc magmas, as well as into much deeper levels of the Earth's mantle. In eclogite–facies rocks, the presence of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earths (LREE)-bearing hydrous phases such as epidote and lawsonite, together with HFSE repositories as rutile and other Ti-rich minerals, controls the trace element budget of evolved fluids and fluid-mediated cycling of slab components into the overlying mantle.

Studies of fluid inclusions in eclogite–facies terrains suggest that subduction mainly evolves aqueous solutions, melts being produced only locally. Eclogite-facies rocks diffusely record processes of fluid–melt–rock interactions that exerted considerable control on the element and volatile budget of subduction fluids. Trace element fractionation during such interactions needs to be tested and quantified in more detail to achieve the ultimate compositions actually attained by fluids leaving off the slab. Variably saline inclusions with minor CO2 and N2 are trapped in rock-forming high pressure minerals; brines with up to 50% by weight dissolved solute are diffusely found in veins. The latter inclusions are residues after fluid–rock interactions and deposition of complex vein mineralogies: this evidence suggests increased mineral solubility into the fluid and formation, at a certain stage, of silicate-rich aqueous solutions whose geochemical behaviour and transport capacity can approach that of a melt phase. This is supported by experimental work showing high solubility of silicate components in fluids at high pressures. However, natural examples of inclusions trapping such a fluid and quantitative analyses of its major and trace element composition are not yet available.

Fluids in high and very high pressure rocks do not move over large scales and the channelways of fluid escape from the slab are not yet identified. This suggests that only part of the slab fluid is lost and returned to the surface via magmatism; the remaining trapped fraction being subducted into deeper levels of the upper mantle, to renew its budget of substances initially stored in the exosphere.  相似文献   


18.
We report elemental and Nd–Sr isotopic data for three types of Ordovician volcanic and gabbroic rocks from the Sharburti Mountains in the West Junggar (Xinjiang), Northwest China. Gabbros and Type I lavas occur in the Early Ordovician Hongguleleng ophiolite whereas Type II and III lavas are parts of the Middle Ordovician Bulukeqi Group. Gabbros and Type I lavas are tholeiites with a depleted light rare earth element (LREE) and mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB)-like signature with a crystallization sequence of plagioclase–clinopyroxene, suggesting formation at a mid-oceanic ridge. Type II lavas are Nb-enriched basalts (NEBs, Nb = 14–15 ppm), which have E-MORB-like REE patterns and Nb/Yb and Th/Yb ratios. They come from mantle metasomatized by slab melts. Type III lavas are further divided into two sub-types: (1) Type IIIa is tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalts and andesites, with REE patterns that are flat or slightly LREE enriched, and with a negative Nb anomaly and Th/Yb enrichment, indicating that they were generated above a subduction zone; (2) Type IIIb is calc-alkaline basalts and andesites, which are strongly enriched in LREE with a marked negative Nb anomaly and Th/Yb enrichment, suggesting generation in a normal island-arc setting. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of Type III lavas range from 0.70443 to 0.70532 and ?Ndt ranges from +1.5 to +4.5, suggesting that these melts were derived from mantle wedge significantly modified by subducted material (enriched mantle I (EMI)) above a subduction zone. Contemporary tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalt–andesite and NEB association suggest that the NEBs erupted during development of the tholeiitic to calc-alkaline arc. We propose a model of intra-oceanic subduction influenced by ridge subduction for the Ordovician tectono-magmatic evolution of the northern West Junggar.  相似文献   

19.
The Mesoarchean emergence of modern-style subduction   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6  
Well-preserved volcanic sequences span the Paleoarchean to Neoarchean evolution of the Pilbara Craton, in northwestern Australia. This region provides the best physical evidence bearing on the stage of Earth's history when modern-style tectonic processes began. Paleoarchean assemblages in the eastern nucleus of the craton (the 3.51–3.24 Ga Pilbara Supergroup) show few features that can reasonably be interpreted as evidence for modern-style subduction processes. Incompatible trace element-enriched felsic volcanic horizons show geochemical evidence for the interaction between mafic magmas and crust, but this evidence, on its own, can equally well be interpreted in terms of either a subduction-enriched mantle source or local and limited assimilation of felsic crust into the voluminous tholeiitic magmas that dominate the Pilbara Supergroup. Viewed in context within the thick autochthonous and consistently upward-younging Pilbara Supergroup, these felsic units are most likely related to the same plume-dominated processes that formed the basalts that dominate the supergroup. It is very unlikely that modern-style plate tectonic processes played any role in the Paleoarchean evolution of the Pilbara Craton, although some form of non-uniformitarian (e.g. flat) subduction process may have operated.In stark contrast, the Mesoarchean units of the West Pilbara Terrane and the late-tectonic basins that cover that boundary between the West and East Pilbara Terranes, show clear evidence for modern-style convergent margin processes. Igneous rocks in this belt, which flanks the old eastern cratonic nuclei, have enriched geochemical signatures that cannot be accounted for by crustal contamination. This region is also characterised by a linear magmatic and structural fabric, by the presence of lithologically and geochronologically exotic belts, and by the presence of a broad belt of isotopically more juvenile crust. The collective strength of these arguments provides compelling evidence that a modern-style oceanic arc fringed the East Pilbara Terrane at 3.12 Ga and accreted to that terrane by 2.97 Ga. These assemblages mark the minimum age for the birth of modern-style plate subduction process.  相似文献   

20.
板块俯冲与斑岩铜金成矿   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
张丽鹏  李贺  王鲲 《岩石学报》2020,36(1):113-124
绝大多数斑岩铜金矿床分布在汇聚板块边缘。研究表明高氧逸度和洋壳部分熔融是控制斑岩铜金矿床形成的两个关键因素。作为亲硫元素,铜金的性质主要受还原态的硫(S~(2-))控制,而硫的价态和性质则强烈受氧逸度的影响。矿床学家很早就发现氧逸度ΔFMQ+2是斑岩铜金矿床成矿的魔幻数字。研究发现其原因是硫的性质在此氧逸度附近发生巨变,在低氧逸度时,硫主要以硫化物的形式存在,但是当氧逸度在ΔFMQ+1. 5以上时,硫主要以硫酸根的形式存在。硫酸盐在岩浆中的溶解度通常是硫化物的10倍左右,因此在部分熔融过程中,高氧逸度可以大幅度提高硫在岩浆中的溶解度,有利于源区硫化物被破坏,以硫酸根的形式被熔出,从而大幅度提高初始岩浆中的铜(金)含量;与此同时,硫化物在岩浆演化过程中可以保持不饱和状态,有利于作为中度不相容元素的铜(金)通过岩浆演化进一步富集。在磁铁矿结晶等过程中,岩浆体系的氧逸度降低,硫酸根被还原,还原态的硫(S~(2-))将岩浆中的铜金萃取,富集到流体相,从而形成斑岩铜金矿床。这种高氧逸度岩浆通常出现在汇聚板块边缘。由于洋壳铜、金、硫含量远高于陆壳和地幔,而且俯冲带氧逸度高出地幔和下地壳约2个数量级,因此俯冲洋壳部分熔融形成岩浆的初始铜、金、硫含量远高于陆内岩浆,有利于成矿。年轻洋脊的俯冲因其高热量是显生宙以来最容易发生俯冲洋壳部分熔融的地质过程,且同时具有高氧逸度,因此洋脊俯冲是形成大型、超大型斑岩铜金矿床的最佳途径。统计结果显示,全球主要超大型斑岩铜金矿床均与洋脊俯冲有关。  相似文献   

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