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1.
云南格咱岛弧普朗斑岩型铜矿年代学、岩石矿物学及地球化学研究 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
普朗斑岩型铜矿床位于西南三江构造火成岩带义敦岛弧南端,是晚三叠世甘孜-理塘洋壳向德格-中甸陆块俯冲的产物,是我国近年来印支期新发现的超大型铜多金属矿床。与成矿关系密切的斑岩体的岩石类型主要为石英闪长玢岩和石英二长斑岩,通过系统的锆石U-Pb测年方法获得,含矿石英闪长玢岩的形成年龄为219.6±3.5Ma,石英二长斑岩的形成年龄为212.8±1.9Ma。岩石地球化学特征表明,SiO2含量为61.99%~70.58%,Al2O3含量为10.84%~14.96%,MgO含量为1.5%~3.96%,A/CNK值为0.80~1.08,为准铝质-弱过铝质。岩石轻稀土较富集,轻重稀土分馏明显((La/Yb)N=11.41~16.48),δEu(0.76~0.9)值无明显异常。微量元素表现出具较高的Sr(244×10-6~845×10-6)、Ba(543×10-6~2237×10-6)含量,Y、Yb含量较低(Y=6.83×10-6~17.65×10-6,Yb=0.97×10-6~1.09×10-6)指示岩石类型为造山带钙碱性花岗岩系列,具I型花岗岩的特点。利用黑云母和角闪石地质温压计估算出岩浆的结晶温度为750~800℃,岩体侵位的压力为0.77×108~0.9×108 Pa,相应的岩体侵位深度在2.55~2.97km,氧逸度为10-9~10-12bar,反映了成矿斑岩体形成于高温、高氧逸度的环境,岩浆侵位具浅成-超浅成侵位的特点。结合本区岩石地球化学、矿物学及同位素年代学的研究,推测普朗成矿斑岩体深部仍存在类似的斑岩型Cu(Au)矿化,具有良好的找矿前景。 相似文献
2.
西秦岭印支期高Sr/Y花岗岩类的成因及动力学背景——以同仁地区舍哈力吉岩体为例 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
西秦岭印支期花岗岩类分布十分广泛,形成时代集中于248~234Ma和224~211Ma两个阶段.其中,夏河岩体(248~238Ma)和温泉岩体(223~216Ma)的部分样品被厘定为埃达克岩(Sr>400×10-6,Yb<2×10-6),指示陆壳厚度大于50km.本文对西秦岭同仁地区舍哈力吉岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年、岩石学、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究.舍哈力吉岩体主要由石英二长岩组成,同时含有许多暗色镁铁质微粒包体(MME).寄主岩中发育少量的钾长石巨晶,并且部分巨晶具有环斑结构.舍哈力吉石英二长岩化学成分比较均一,而且也显示出类似埃达克岩的一些地球化学特点,如富SiO2(66.07%~67.52%)和Al2O3(14.85%~15.95%),高Sr(560×10-6~692×10-6),低Y(11.4×10-6~12.9×10-6)和Yb(0.99×10-6~1.09×10-6),并具有较高的(La/Yb)N比值(27.8~34.3)和微弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.77~0.95).锆石U-Pb测年结果为234.1±0.5Ma,表明其形成于印支早期.岩石为偏铝质、高钾钙碱性系列且K2O/Na2O>1,高Mg#(59~60)、Cr(69.1×10-6~81.2×10-6)和Ni(31.6×10-6~36.1×10-6),以富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U)而相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ti、P)为特征,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7075~0.7077,εNd(t)=-6.3~-6.1,亏损地幔模式年龄为1.25~1.33Ga.舍哈力吉石英二长岩起源于石榴角闪岩相古老下地壳的部分熔融,之后经历了壳幔岩浆混合作用和以斜长石为主的分离结晶作用.寄主岩的环斑结构和相对一致的地球化学特征,很可能是高温幔源熔体对壳源富钾高黏度岩浆改造所导致的晶粥快速再活化的结果.西秦岭在印支早期可能并未经历显著的地壳加厚过程.西秦岭印支早期花岗岩类形成于活动大陆边缘局部伸展环境,可能与古特提斯洋壳俯冲极性的改变有关. 相似文献
3.
西藏波密花岗岩体的年代学、地球化学特征及其意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
波密岩体位于西藏东南部,处于班公湖-怒江蛇绿混杂岩带与印度河-雅鲁藏布蛇绿混杂岩带之间,整体呈NW向延伸,面积约29km2。本文对波密花岗岩体进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学及同位素年代学研究。结果显示,波密岩体主要以黑云母石英闪长岩与黑云母花岗闪长岩为主,两个花岗闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为113.1±2.3Ma和113.4±2.1Ma。花岗岩类SiO2介于64.11%~66.63%,K2O+Na2O=6.36%~7.54%,全碱含量较高,属于高钾钙碱系列。稀土元素含量为114.9×10-6~182.8×10-6,分配曲线均呈右倾趋势。另外,A/CNK为0.80~0.95,波密岩体有高K,高Si,低P的特点,大离子亲石元素(Rb、K)富集,高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti)亏损,属于偏铝质I型花岗岩。2件样品37个测点的锆石εHf(t)值不均一,几乎全为负值(-13.72~-0.08),反映岩浆可能源于古老地壳;地壳模式年龄(tDMC)集中于891~2047Ma之间。综合分析波密岩体地球化学及锆石年龄数据,均与中冈底斯及弧背断隆带中早白垩世的岩体特征相似。因此本文推断波密岩体的成因为中冈底斯早白垩世带状岩浆大爆发事件在东部的延续。 相似文献
4.
阿尔金南缘塔特勒克布拉克复式花岗质岩体东段片麻状花岗岩的地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义 总被引：12，自引：9，他引：3
出露于阿尔金构造带南缘北部塔特勒克布拉克复式花岗质岩体东段的片麻状花岗岩, SiO2为71.88%~73.92%, Al2O3为13.39%~14.14%, K2O+Na2O为8.18%~8.85%, K2O/Na2O=1.54~2.33, A/CNK介于1.02~1.09之间, 属高钾钙碱性系列的弱过铝质岩石。该岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE), 亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE); ∑REE较高且变化范围大(∑REE=98.57×10-6~579.1×10-6, 平均338.8×10-6), 具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.22~0.71, 平均0.34), LREE相对富集, 轻重稀土分馏明显。Nb/Ta=11.78~15.83、Zr/Hf=34.94~36.82及Th/U=8.4~12.7, 结合源岩判别图解, 推断其源区物质主要来源于上地壳的变泥砂质沉积岩类。微量元素及稀土元素特征暗示原岩部分熔融残留相的矿物组合可能为石榴石+斜长石+金红石, 全岩Zr饱和温度计计算结果显示部分熔融温度>800℃, 推断该岩石形成于麻粒岩相条件下云母和角闪石脱水诱发的部分熔融。该岩石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb原位定年结果为: 761±54Ma(上交点年龄), 451±1.7Ma(核部)和411.3±1.8Ma(边部), 锆石核部Th/U平均为0.64, 边部Th/U平均为0.05。结合区内超高压榴辉岩的原岩形成时代、峰期变质与退变质时代分别为约750Ma、500Ma与450Ma的研究资料(Liu et al., 2012)综合分析, 塔特勒克布拉克片麻状花岗岩的原岩时代为782.3±6.9Ma, 可能与罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解事件有关; 花岗岩结晶年龄为451±1.7Ma, 形成于俯冲碰撞造山后抬升阶段, 对应于区内深俯冲陆壳的折返时代, 此时超高压变质岩石发生了麻粒岩相的退变质作用, 随后411.3±1.8Ma又受到另一期地质事件的改造。 相似文献
5.
河北赞皇地区许亭花岗岩的时代及成因:对华北克拉通中部带构造演化的制约 总被引：19，自引：16，他引：3
许亭花岗岩出露于赞皇杂岩中,位于河北省赞皇县西部山区,呈岩基状侵入新太古代TTG片麻岩和变质地层中,SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb年龄为2090±10Ma。岩体主要由钾长-二长花岗岩组成,无暗色包体,偶见围岩的捕掳体。岩体组成不均匀,局部含石英和少量钾长石斑晶,构成似斑状结构。主要的矿物组合为石英+钾长石+斜长石+黑云母+绿帘石±白云母±角闪石,含萤石副矿物。岩石具有高硅(SiO2＞75%)、富碱(ALK=6.90%~8.75%)、低铝(Al2O3 =10.32%~11.64%)、钛(TiO2=0.26%~0.36%)和贫钙(CaO=0.18%~0.48%)、镁(MgO=0.16%~0.40%)、铁(Fe2OT3=2.58%~3.46%)的特征,为偏铝质到弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列。岩石的稀土总量较高(293.8×10-6 ~702.8×10-6),轻稀土相对富集,有明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.1~0.35)。微量元素中,富Zr、Nb和Y,而贫Ba、Sr和P等元素,Rb/Sr比值较高,介于1.45~7.52之间,平均4.31。岩石还具有高的Ga/Al值(3.04×10-6~4.08×10-6),具有A型花岗岩特征。在同位素组成方面,具有较低的εNd(t)值(-14.29~-0.29,平均为-5.58)。许亭花岗岩具有板内花岗岩特征,可能与2.1Ga时岩浆板底垫托,导致新太古代TTG岩石部分熔融,并可能有少量古老地壳物质加入。根据岩体性质及岩石组合等特征推测赞皇、阜平、五台等地区的2.1Ga岩浆活动形成于统一的拉张裂解环境。 相似文献
6.
广东园珠顶铜钼矿床花岗斑岩年代学、地球化学特征及锆石Hf同位素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
园珠顶铜钼矿床位于钦杭成矿带南段的大瑶山隆起北缘,为大型斑岩型铜钼矿床。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得了花岗斑岩的高精度成岩年龄,为（154.3±1.7） Ma （n=12,MSWD=3.1）,为晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物,与辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素年龄155 Ma相吻合。岩石地球化学分析表明,园珠顶花岗斑岩高硅〔w（SiO2）为68.81%~70.21%〕、富碱〔w（Na2O）+w（K2O）为6.78%~8.01%〕、准铝质-弱过铝质（A/CNK为0.96~1.04）;稀土元素总量中等（ΣREE 为142.15×10-6~170.83×10-6）,富集轻稀土元素（ΣLREE 为135.05×10-6~162.34×10-6）,轻重稀土元素分馏明显〔（La/Yb）N=30.97~32.10〕,弱的Eu负异常（δEu=0.86~0.89）,稀土元素配分模式总体右倾;岩石相对富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素（LILE）及高场强元素Th、U,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）及部分大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr。LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石Hf 的原位分析表明,176Hf/177Hf值变化于0.282 500~0.282 801之间,εHf（t）值介于-6.27~4.19。综合分析表明,园珠顶花岗斑岩为准铝质-弱过铝质的I型花岗岩,具有壳幔混合源成因,锆石εHf（t）值反映了园珠顶花岗斑岩的成岩源区较为复杂,总体具亏损岩浆源区的特征,以幔源物质为主,但在岩浆侵位过程中遭受了古老地壳物质的混染。结合区域构造背景和前人研究成果,认为园珠顶斑岩体及铜钼矿,与钦杭成矿带北段的永平铜矿具有一致的成岩成矿构造背景,形成于板块俯冲环境。 相似文献
7.
北秦岭太白山晚中生代正长花岗岩成因及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文对北秦岭中段太白岩体北部正长花岗岩进行了系统研究.结果表明,岩石为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,SiO2=68.49%~72.84%,富Al2O3(14.13%~16.48%),相对富K2O,K2O/Na2O=0.45~1.57(多数样品大于1),A/CNK=0.97~1.05,属于准铝质-铝质系列.岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具弱负Eu 异常(δEu=0.58~0.89),高Sr、低Yb/Y.正长花岗岩锶同位素初始比值ISr=0.7053~0.7112,εNd(t)=-18.6~-0.1(平均为-9.2),二阶段模式年龄t2DM值为0.83~2.11Ga,变化较大,显示其源区主要为古老的壳源物质.铅同位素比值206Pb/204Pb=17.492~17.524,207Pb/204Pb=15.470~15.485,208Pb/204Pb=37.750~38.097,与南秦岭基底相近.锆石U-Pb年龄为153.17±0.89Ma和151.0±1.4Ma,形成于晚中生代.太白正长花岗岩源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,并有年轻幔源组分的参与,形成于挤压向伸展转换的深部动力学背景. 相似文献
8.
塔里木北缘皮羌地区发育大量闪长质-花岗质岩脉以及哈拉峻花岗岩Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体,这些花岗质岩脉和岩体与赋存大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床的皮羌辉长质岩体空间上共生,推测其成因与塔里木地幔柱岩浆上涌有关。闪长质-花岗质岩脉出露在皮羌辉长质岩体的东缘、北缘及南缘,而哈拉峻花岗岩Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体主要出露在辉长质岩体的西部。花岗质岩脉具有高硅(SiO2=64%~74%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O =8%~10%)、富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,(Ga/Al)×104变化于2.85~3.85之间,具有明显Eu、Ba、Sr负异常等特征,类似A型花岗岩。闪长质岩脉具有低硅(SiO2=53%~59%)、低全碱含量(Na2O+K2O=5%~8%)、以及Eu和Ba正异常。哈拉峻花岗岩Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体的地球化学特征与花岗质岩脉相似。闪长质-花岗质岩脉、哈拉峻花岗岩Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体的εNd(t)值范围在-2.9~-0.2之间,与皮羌辉长质岩体的εNd(t)值相近(-1.1~2.1),表明他们来源于类似的地幔源区。我们认为闪长质-花岗质岩脉、哈拉峻花岗岩Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体主要由底侵的镁铁质岩浆分异出的中酸性熔体结晶分异并伴随不同程度的地壳混染形成,皮羌辉长质岩体是镁铁质岩浆浅部侵位的产物。因此~280Ma大量幔源岩浆底侵是塔里木大火成岩省中A型花岗岩形成的必要前提。 相似文献
9.
峨眉山大火成岩省赋Nb-Ta-Zr矿化正长岩脉的形成时代和锆石Hf同位素组成 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
攀西地区广泛发育Nb-Ta-Zr矿正长岩脉,它们在空间上与峨眉山大火成岩省的玄武岩、辉长岩及长英质岩体(正长岩和花岗岩)共生,但是否有成因联系并不清楚。本文对攀西地区炉库和白草两个Nb-Ta-Zr矿区中的正长岩体、无矿及含矿正长岩脉进行了锆石LA-ICPMS法U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素研究。研究表明,炉库矿区正长岩体和无矿正长岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄为255.6±2.0Ma和255.6±1.5Ma,含矿正长岩脉为256.7±4.4Ma;白草矿区正长岩体和含矿正长岩脉形成时间为257.9±2.3Ma和257.8±1.3Ma。这些年龄结果均显示攀西地区Nb-Ta-Zr矿化的形成时代与正长岩体一致,说明Nb-Ta-Zr矿化的形成与峨眉山大火成岩省紧密相关,为地幔柱成矿系统的一部分。两个矿区含矿正长岩脉的锆石εHf(t)值分别为+0.1~+9.5(多数集中于+2~+6,炉库矿区)和-0.2~+7.7(白草矿区),与正长岩体相似(炉库矿区为+1.0~+6.6,白草矿区为+2.1~+6.2),说明含矿岩脉与正长岩体有紧密成因联系。结合锆石年龄和Hf同位素研究初步认为,正长岩体和正长岩脉是峨眉山地幔柱岩浆底侵到下地壳底部的基性岩再次部分熔融的结果。 相似文献
10.
中新世是青藏高原隆升、增厚的重要时期,并且在这一时期内拉萨地块广泛发育碰撞后岩浆岩。本文对南拉萨地块米拉山地区的钙碱性钾质火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素和全岩主量、微量元素的测定与系统研究。米拉山中新世火山岩为粗面英安岩、英安岩和流纹岩（SiO2=59.89%~71.78%）。锆石U-Pb定年结果为16.1±0.2Ma~20.4±0.3Ma,表明其喷发时代为中新世。岩石具有较高的Al2O3含量（13.54%~16.31%）,低MgO（0.46%~1.95%）、高Sr（388×10-6~804×10-6）、低Y（6.55×10-6~11.20×10-6）和Yb（0.70×10-6~1.07×10-6）的特征,具有较高的Sr/Y值（51~80）、低相容元素（Cr=4.26×10-6~32.53×10-6,Ni=4.16×10-6~25.75×10-6）和弱Eu负异常。岩石具有轻稀土元素和Rb、Th、U、K等元素富集、重稀土元素和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti亏损的特征。米拉山中新世火山岩显示出埃达克质岩石的地球化学特征,可能来自于的镁铁质加厚下地壳的部分熔融,推测下地壳源区是石榴石角闪岩。锆石εHf（t）值为+2.2~+7.8,表明源区为新生地壳物质,有俯冲板片熔体加入。米拉山中新世火山岩的喷发时代与米拉山断裂活动时间一致,二者可能同为拉萨地块岩石圈拆沉的结果。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献