共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 189 毫秒
1.
在调研了国内外气烟囱研究成果与思路的基础上,通过全新的地震解决方案——OpendTect平台提供的基于属性多层感知器(MLP)的人工神经网络(ANN)的方法预测气烟囱的发生概率体,并利用倾角导向体对算法进行改进,提出倾角控制下的地震气烟囱识别技术,很好地补充并发展了模式识别技术在地震勘探领域的应用。通常该技术一方面可以解释运移通道和浅层气成藏的原因;另一方面,形成的气烟囱地震数据体还可以预测源岩的发育情况;此外,对于判别断层封闭性也非常适用。最后应用这一技术对海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷一含油区块的运移通道和成藏规律进行研究,分析该研究区的断裂发育特征和运移通道类型,总结了油源、通道、储层和盖层的空间配置关系,并建立相应的成藏模式。 相似文献
2.
《西北地质》2020,(2)
哈日凹陷位于银根-额济纳旗盆地北部,勘探程度较低,目前,主要勘探对象为灰质泥岩、白云质泥岩等非常规油气藏,但由于该凹陷属于小型复杂断陷贫瘠沉积,岩性复杂多样,主要目的层岩性横向变化快、纵向跨度大,薄砂层、白云质泥岩、灰质泥岩等多种岩性可区分度低,常规预测手段识别困难。为了解决上述难题,通过反复对比试验,确定了以保护低频信息的宽频地震采集和保真保幅三维处理数据为基础,通过井震联合地震相识别技术和虚切片技术建立立体的地震-沉积相模型,在严格的立体"相"边界控制下,采用多属性优化技术及基于拟声波曲线重构的相控分频属性反演等具有针对性的灰质泥岩气藏识别技术,有效提高了灰质泥岩储层"甜点"识别的精度,形成了简单、有效、经济的小型复杂断陷盆地灰质泥岩气藏识别技术系列。最终在哈日凹陷巴音戈壁组识别泥岩气藏面积达128km2,综合评价优选上钻的多口井位均在目的层获得较好的页岩气勘探效果。证明了上述基于宽频保真保幅地震数据的复杂断陷泥岩油气藏识别技术的有效性和实用性。 相似文献
3.
荔湾凹陷是珠江口盆地最南部的一个超深水凹陷,其结构特点、沉积过程研究是认识被动陆缘演化的重要内容.运用地震地层学方法,基于高分辨率2D/3D地震资料的沉积追踪与对比,一个特征明显且全区可追踪的地质界面——SB21界面被识别出.该界面上下揭示出多种沉积现象:北部剥蚀区、中北部的沉积物过路区、中南部冲沟和沉积物波叠置区、南部的沉积物堆积区.推测这种沉积样式的多样性与发生在23.8 Ma前后的白云运动有密切关系,该构造运动造成荔湾凹陷的差异性沉降,主要表现为荔湾凹陷中南部的快速沉降,导致凹陷北部及中东部的相对抬升.该期构造运动使原有的沉积平衡发生改变,造成沉积物的再分配,沉积物从北部剥蚀区经过路区向中南部堆积区运移.自东向西发育的冲沟,推测与该时期差异沉降导致中东部近南北走向的相对隆起与西侧沉降区的差异沉降,以及有来自凹陷东北角的物源叠加作用有关.SB21界面的沉积反射特征研究,揭示了洋陆边界复杂多变的沉积过程及其驱动机制,对我们认识更大区域的构造沉积过程具有一定的帮助. 相似文献
4.
鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古风化壳气藏分布规律 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古风化壳气藏属较复杂的碳酸盐岩隐蔽性气藏,产层为奥陶系顶部古风化壳溶蚀孔洞白云岩。该气藏组合的烃源岩有两套：一是石炭系一二叠系煤岩、暗色泥岩及生物灰岩;另一套是向陶系泥质白云岩及石灰岩。这两套烃源岩的生烃中心成为含气组合的源泉,二者的叠合区必然成为天然气聚集的最有利部位。气藏主要分布在马家沟组五段盐岩尖灭线与本溪组尖线之间。古风化壳气藏的横向展布主要受古岩溶地貌的控制。奥陶系白云 相似文献
5.
川西前陆盆地是我国西部典型的前陆盆地,也是我国重要的致密砂岩含气区。盆地上三叠统须家河组二段和四段等渗透层中的流体跨过须家河组三段、五段等不渗透层流入侏罗系自流井组、千佛岩组、沙溪庙组、遂宁组和蓬莱镇组等渗透层,即发生了流体的跨层流动。流体的跨层流动一方面使侏罗系砂岩发生了受酸性水控制的次生溶蚀作用,从而改善了侏罗系的储集条件;另一方面为侏罗系形成天然气藏提供了气源条件。盆地天然气成藏具有烟囱效应、早聚晚藏和异常高压等特征。深盆气是天然气早期聚集在川西前陆盆地上三叠统(主要是须二段和须四段)的基本形式,是后期天然气成藏的基础,本文称之为气库区。天然气藏形成是由地壳隆升作用致使早期聚集的气库区决口,引起流体跨层流动,天然气以速度快、规模大和范围窄的形式运移和聚集,本文称之为爆发式成藏。爆发式成藏形成了上三叠统晚期裂缝重组气藏和侏罗系气藏(并非都是次生气藏)两类气藏。早期天然气聚集和定位地区的确定和评价是今后川西前陆盆地天然气勘探的重点和难点。 相似文献
6.
气烟囱是一种特殊的地质现象,与油气的生成、运移密切相关。在地震资料上进行气烟囱的识别研究有助于工区的断层封闭性、油气运移通道、成藏模式的研究。基于倾角数据体的气烟囱识别技术引入倾角和方位角信息,结合有监督的神经网络分析方法,提取出能够反映气烟囱地震异常体的地震属性组合,完成了对气烟囱的识别研究,相对以往方法,该方法具有识别准确度高、效率快的优点。此方法运用于渤海A油田,较好地完成了油田的油气运移及成藏模式分析,为油田的储量增长奠定了基础。同时,对渤海A油田断层的封闭性进行了风险分析和提示,保证了油田的钻井安全。 相似文献
7.
珠江口盆地白云凹陷古近系沉积相类型 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以珠江口盆地白云凹陷的钻井和地震资料为基础,根据测井相、地震相综合分析白云凹陷文昌组与恩平组主要层序的沉积相发育演化特征.通过有限的单井资料在白云凹陷共识别出了三角洲相、扇三角洲相及湖泊相三种沉积相;三角洲沉积相在测井曲线上表现为从下至上由细变粗的反旋回,局部出现次一级的正旋回;扇三角洲沉积相测井曲线整体表现为从下至上由细变粗的反旋回及次一级的反旋回;湖泊沉积相表现为以泥岩沉积为主,局部夹有砂坝或碳酸盐滩坝.研究区发育9种地震相类型,地震相证据充足,为研究沉积相发育规律提供了可靠的依据.研究表明盆地的持续沉降造就了白云凹陷深湖相发育时间长,形成厚层烃源岩;受番禺低隆起影响,白云凹陷北坡缓坡带发育三角洲相,在西南至南部陡坡带发育扇三角洲相,部分三角洲的发育具有继承性. 相似文献
8.
气烟囱是由热流体活动形成的一种特殊的伴生构造.其一经形成后,对后期幕式活动的热流体或油气运移仍为一种特殊的运移通道,而且影响油气的聚集成藏.本文对气烟囱形成机理和演化特征进行了研究,探讨了气烟囱与油气生成、运移、聚集的关系,并通过光测弹性力学模拟和物理相似模拟等实验方法进行了验证.结果表明,在中国东部油气勘探中,气烟囱研究不仅可预测浅层油气藏分布,而且为寻找深层有机、无机气藏提供科学依据. 相似文献
9.
南海北部深水盆地油气渗漏系统及天然气水合物成藏机制研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
深水盆地往往为天然气水合物和深水油气的共存区域。天然气水合物既是一种重要的油气资源,又是深水油气开发中引起地质灾害的重要因素。如果能实现深水油气和天然气水合物联合开发,将具有重要的经济价值;然而,目前尚不知两者的共存规律。根据南海北部白云凹陷高分辨率地震资料的综合解释成果,识别出大量的深部油气渗漏现象,包括有利于流体运移的气烟囱构造、深水水道砂体、海底滑坡、多边形断层等渗漏构造,提出了该区天然气水合物可能的成藏模式,指出了天然气水合物富集模式及其与游离气和深水油气渗漏的共存规律。 相似文献
10.
通过对南海北部陆坡区神狐海域高精度2D和3D地震资料的精细解释,在研究区共识别出4种构造类型,分别为气烟囱(流体底辟)、区域大尺度断层、深水扇中的正断层和滑移体中的滑脱断层。气烟囱具有直立的通道形态,其内部结构可划分为杂乱反射带、模糊反射带和顶部强振幅区域。大尺度断层位于水合物钻探区的西北部和东北部,断层规模大,对深部地层表现出明显的控制作用。深水扇中的正断层广泛发育于上新世的深水扇中,特别是在水合物钻探区西部进积特征明显的深水扇中,正断层的数量更多。滑移体中的滑脱断层在神狐海域的第四纪地层中非常常见,在剖面上呈雁列式分布。研究结果表明,大尺度断层由于和水合物钻探区的距离较远,对于水合物的成藏可能不起控制作用。气烟囱和规模小数量多的断裂体系为含气流体的运移提供了垂向和侧向的输送通道,构成了水合物的流体运移体系。当富含甲烷气体的流体通过这些垂向-侧向的运移通道时,在合适的温压条件下,被适于水合物聚集的沉积体所捕获,就有可能形成水合物。水合物钻探区内东西部构造特征的差异,使得研究区内形成了不同的流体运移体系,这可能是控制钻探区水合物不均匀性分布的一个关键因素。 相似文献
11.
《China Geology》2020,3(2):269-282
Seabed fluid escape is active in the Makran subduction zone, Arabian Sea. Based on the new high-resolution 2D seismic data, acoustic blanking zones and seafloor mounds are identified. Acoustic blanking zones include three kinds of geometries: Bell-shaped, vertically columnar and tilted zones. The bell-shaped blanking zone is characterized by weak and discontinuous reflections in the interior and up-bending reflections on the top, interpreted as gas chimneys. Vertically columnar blanking zone is interpreted as side-imaged gas chimneys associated with focused fluid flow and topped by a seafloor anomaly expressed as a localized reflection discontinuity, which may together serve as a vent structure. Tilted acoustic blanking zone could be induced by accretionary thrust activity and rapid sedimentation surrounding slope. Seafloor mounds occur at the sites of bell-shaped acoustic blanking zone and may be associated with the material intrusion. Bottom simulating refectors (BSRs) are widely distributed and exhibit a series of characteristics including diminished amplitude, low continuity as well as local shoaling overlapping with these acoustic blanking zones. The large amount of gases dissociated from the gas hydrates migrated upwards and then arrived at the near-seafloor sediments, followed by the formation of the gas hydrates and hence the seafloor mound. 相似文献
12.
Yu-lin He Jin-qiang Liang Zeng-gui Kuang Wei Deng Jin-feng Ren Hong-fei Lai Miao-miao Meng Wei Zhang 《China Geology》2022,5(2):234-250
Various factors controlling the accumulation of natural gas hydrates (NGHs) form various enrichment and accumulation modes through organic combination. This study mainly analyzes the geological and geophysical characteristics of the NGHs occurrence in the uplifts and their slope zones within the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan (QDN) Basin (also referred to as the study area). Furthermore, it investigates the dominant governing factors and models of NGHs migration and accumulation in the study area. The results are as follows. (1) The uplifts and their slope zones in the study area lie in the dominant pressure-relief direction of fluids in central hydrocarbon-rich sags in the area, which provide sufficient gas sources for the NGHs accumulation and enrichment through pathways such as gas chimneys and faults. (2) The top and flanks of gas chimneys below the bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) show high-amplitude seismic reflections and pronounced transverse charging of free gas, indicating the occurrence of a large amount of gas accumulation at the heights of the uplifts. (3) Chimneys, faults, and high-porosity and high-permeability strata, which connect the gas hydrate temperature-pressure stability zones (GHSZs) with thermogenic gas and biogenic gas, form the main hydrate migration system. (4) The reservoir system in the study area comprises sedimentary interlayers consisting of mass transport deposits (MTDs) and turbidites. In addition, the reservoir system has developed fissure- and pore-filling types of hydrates in the pathways. The above well-matched controlling factors of hydrate accumulation enable the uplifts and their slope zones in the study area to become the favorable targets of NGHs exploration.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
13.
High-resolution seismic reflection profiles (3·5 kHz) have revealed the presence of extensive interstitial gas accumulation within the sedimentary sequences of Loch Tay, Scotland, as identified by acoustic turbidity masking the seismic stratigraphy. Within the central section of the loch, in the deepest water area directly above the zone of the seismically active Loch Tay Fault, focused flows of gas through the sediment pile to the loch bed via chimneys and pockmarks, together with gas seeps within the water column, have been identified. Microbiological observations indicate that the gas is biogenic CH4 , produced by both chemoautotrophic (which use CO2 as a source of carbon and H2 as a source of energy) and aceticlastic species (which use acetate as a source of carbon and energy) of methanogens in the fine-grained, organic rich deposits that have been focused into the zone of accumulation in the deep central part of the loch. The spatial distribution of the gas escape features suggests that earthquake movements along the Loch Tay Fault are responsible for facilitating focused gas escape in this part of the loch, by the creation of new pathways and conduits through the sediment pile, along which gas can migrate upwards and exit into the water column. Relict pockmarks and associated chimneys identified in the seismic records indicate that gas escape has been taking place since Pleistocene times though the precise timings cannot be ascertained. This is the first time that such features have been reported from a lake in the UK. 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACT Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are widely developed in continental slope areas, which can provide sufficient gas for hydrate formation, and they are important for finding natural gas hydrates. Based on the interpretation and analysis of high-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data covering the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), northern South China Sea, we studied the formation mechanism of mud diapirs and gas chimneys and their relationship with natural gas hydrates. Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are columnar and domelike in shape and the internal regions of these bodies have abnormal reflections characterized by fuzzy, chaotic, and blanking zones. The reflection events terminate at the rims of mud diapirs and gas chimneys with pull-up reflections and pull-down reflections, respectively. In addition, ‘bright spots’ and diapiric-associated faults occur adjacent to mud diapirs and gas chimneys. The rapidly deposited and deeply buried fine sediments filling in the Tertiary in deep-water areas of the QDNB and overpressure potential derived from undercompacted mudstones, as well as from the pressurization of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation, provide abundant materials and intensive driving forces for the formation of mud diapirs and gas chimneys. Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) with strong amplitude and high or poor continuity were recognized atop the mud diapirs and gas chimneys and in the structural highs within the same region, indicating that they have a close relationship with each other. The mud diapirs and gas chimneys and associated high-angle faults provide favourable vertical pathways for the hydrocarbons migrating from deep strata to shallow natural gas hydrate stability zones where natural gas hydrates accumulate; however, some BSRs are characterized by weak amplitude and poor continuity, which can be affected by high temperature and overpressure in the process of the mud diapir and gas chimney activities. This mutually restricting relationship must be taken into consideration in the process of gas hydrate exploration in QDNB. 相似文献
15.
16.
气源运聚通道与天然气水合物富集成藏关系密切。利用准三维地震资料并结合钻探成果,深入研究了神狐海域GMGS3钻探区高饱和度水合物站位气源运移疏导通道地质地球物理特征及其控藏作用。结果表明:高饱和度水合物产出站位发育多种类型运移疏导通道,且与BSR空间耦合关系较好;紧邻BSR之下为强振幅反射,强振幅下部游离气体充注现象明显,表明水合物稳定域下部存在气体运移的通道,且深部气体向浅层发生了运移。深大断裂、底辟及气烟囱构成了沟通深部热解气及浅层生物气与浅层温压稳定域的垂向通道,在这些通道上方可以直接形成水合物;浅部滑塌面、水道砂及海底扇构成的高孔渗连续性砂体为浅层生物气及深部运移而来的部分热成因气横向运移通道,气体的侧向运移扩大了气体供给范围,增加了矿体横向展布规模。文章认为,天然气运移疏导系统与其他成藏要素匹配良好的构造和区域是勘探高饱和度水合物的有利目标。 相似文献
17.
莺歌海盆地天然气成藏动力学 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用地质与地球化学、宏观与微观相结合的研究方法, 探讨莺歌海盆地的成藏动力学过程, 具体表现在: 通过成藏流体非均质性剖析揭示了底辟浅层气田多源混合-幕式充注的成藏特点, 流体活动的地球物理特征和地球化学资料显示底辟断裂为深成天然气向上运移提供了良好的通道, 而异常高压是流体压裂运移的关键动力, 并驱使梅山-三亚组烃源岩生成的天然气向上运移、聚集和散失.由于中央坳陷带气源丰富, 存在供大于散的物质基础, 尤其是“幕式”集中运移具有高的排烃效率, 因此, 莺歌海盆地底辟带浅层构造在距今1.2~ 0.1Ma如此短暂的时间里天然气依然能够聚集成藏. 相似文献
18.
垂向输导体系主控下的热流体活动是莺歌海盆地重要的地质特征之一, 决定了盆内独特的油气成藏过程.依据地震剖面综合解释、三维地震属性提取和岩石薄片观察, 分析了流体垂向输导体系的构成要素, 并利用PetroMod v11进行2D盆地数值模拟, 定量化计算了自源超压和传导超压的大小, 获得以下主要认识: (1)底辟伴生断裂和水力破裂是东方区最主要的2种垂向输导要素, 且在垂向上存在分异性, 深部流体输导以水力破裂为主, 浅层输导以底辟伴生断裂为主; (2)流体的垂向输导刺穿了超压封存箱并导致自源超压面在盆地中央抬升近2 000 m, 现今盆地东方区3 000 m左右黄流组油气藏中剩余压力的90%来自传导型超压; (3)盆内存在2个有利天然气聚集带: 箱顶传导常压带和箱内自源-传导超压带, 其中后者天然气藏受水力破裂输导控制, 具有流体输导高效且距离烃源灶近的优势, 是盆地内最有勘探潜力的天然气聚集带. 相似文献