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1.
最近 40年 ,硝酸盐 (NO-3 )已成为最常见的地下水污染源之一。本文介绍了用CaO除去CO2 与H2 O的测定氮同位素比值的燃烧管方法和用AgNO3 +C(石墨 )生成CO2 的测定NO-3 中氧同位素比值的燃烧法 ,它们是 1995年以后发展起来的最新测试技术。  相似文献   

2.
地下水中NO-3的15N和18O同位素测试新技术--密封石英管燃烧法   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
近40年来,硝酸盐(NO-3)已成为最普遍的地下水污染源之一。在本文中,介绍了在野外用阴离子交换树脂收集地下水中的NO-3的新技术;用AgNO3和氧化铜丝及铜颗粒燃烧反应测定氮同位素比值;用AgNO3 C(石墨)测定NO-3中氧同位素比值的密封石英管燃烧法,它们是1995年以后发展起来的最新测试技术。  相似文献   

3.
介绍了在野外用阴离子交换树脂收集地下水中的NO-3的新技术,以及用AgNO3 和氧化铜丝及铜颗粒燃烧反应测定氮同位素比值;用AgNO3+ C(石墨)生成CO2 测定NO-3 中氧同位素比值的密封石英管燃烧法。安阳和林州岩溶区饮用水中广泛的NO-3 - N污染大大超过饮用标准,食管癌的死亡率与饮用水中NO-3 、NO-2 、NH+4 和亚硝胺过剩的含量成正比。δ18O和δ15N资料证实,饮用水中的NO-3主要来自农家肥和化肥,这个地区没有发生有意义的反硝化作用,而以硝化作用为主。在食管癌低发区(东部)存在反硝化作用而使该区地下水中硝酸盐含量降低。δ18O和δ15N资料还表明氧化环境中可能出现局部反硝化作用。   相似文献   

4.
针对硝酸盐对地下水污染的严重性,介绍了用CaO除去CO2和H2O的测定氮同位素比值的燃烧等方法和和利用AgNO3 C(石墨)生成CO2的测定NO^-3中氧同位素比值的燃烧法,研究了用^15N和^18O同位素分析地下水中NO^-3来源和判断硝化作用和反硝化作用的发生机理。  相似文献   

5.
硅酸盐和金属氧化物矿物氧同位素组成的CO2激光氟化分析   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
我室采用MIR-10型CO2激光器,在一种富BrF5的氛围中使激光对硅酸盐和氧化物矿物样品加热形成O2,经多次纯化后用5A的分子筛吸收,再直接送至气体质谱仪进行氧同位素比值测定.这个实验流程与传统方法相比的改进不仅在使用激光加热技术及样品的放置上,而且在直接采用O2而不是CO2进行质谱测定.采用O2进行直接分析的优点不仅避免了向CO2转化过程中的潜在同位素分馏,而且能够得到样品的δ17O值,因此为宇宙样品分析提供了可能.CO2激光氟化技术的优点是所需样品量小(可低达1~2 mg),因此能够分析微小岩石区域或单矿物晶体内的氧同位素分布.同时,激光可以达到非常高的温度(>4000K),因此能够对某些难熔矿物(如锆石、蓝晶石、橄榄石等)进行氧同位素分析.  相似文献   

6.
水样中溶解性无机碳同位素测试前处理方法对比研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
水中溶解性无机碳(DIC)的碳同位素前处理方法由传统的BaCl2沉淀法,逐步发展到野外采样后直接通过连续流系统(GasBench-IRMS)测试.当前对于BaCl2沉淀法和连续流测试结果的差异,以及最佳DIC的前处理方法均需要开展深入研究.本文应用BaCl2沉淀法、医用无菌高密度聚乙烯瓶装样、GasBenchⅡ顶空样品瓶野外直接生成CO2气体三种前处理方法,对比研究前处理方法对采自桂林盘龙洞洞穴滴水和地下河水样中DIC碳同位素测试的影响.结果表明,由于BaCl2沉淀法使水样中游离CO2逸出,导致测定的DIC碳同位素值相对于另两种方法均偏正:地下河水样的碳同位素值最大偏正0.26‰;洞穴滴水的碳同位素值最大偏正0.33‰.因为野外水样采集环境的温度、大气压强与实验室内部环境变化较小,没有引起CO2、HCO3的溶解度改变,用医用无菌高密度聚乙烯瓶和GasBenchⅡ顶空样品瓶采集水样的碳同位素测试结果相同;相对而言,利用GasBenchⅡ顶空样品瓶直接产生CO2气体,能够避免外界环境条件变化导致CO2、HCO3-的溶解度发生变化引起碳同位素分馏,是精确测定水中DIC碳同位素最佳的前处理方法.  相似文献   

7.
贵阳雨水无机氮沉降的氮、氧同位素特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
雨水中氮沉降主要以铵盐(NH+4)和硝酸盐(NO-3)形式存在,这与地表生态氮循环和酸雨等环境问题直接相连.我们测定了贵阳地区雨水中的NH+4和NO-3的氮氧同位素值,讨论了氮素形态分布及其同位素组成特征,探讨了雨水中溶解无机氮的成因.雨水中的NH+4和NO-3平均值分别为0.81和o.51mg N/L;铵盐的δ15N平均值为-4.7‰,较硝酸盐的δ15N平均值负,雨水中硝酸盐δ18O值为25.2‰~40.1‰,平均值为34.2±4.3‰,季节性差别不显著.  相似文献   

8.
有机污染物稳定同位素在线测试技术研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了识别环境中有机污染物的来源和迁移转化,在线的单体稳定同位素分析(CSIA)是必不可少的关键技术,但是在实际应用中还存在问题.本文评价了目前已经开发的6种在线测定单体稳定同位素仪器的发展动态,包括气相色谱-同位素比值质谱计(GC-IRMS)、液相色谱-同位素比值质谱计(LC-IRMS)、直接引进-气相色谱-同位素比值质谱计(DI-GC-IRMS)、气相色谱-四极杆质谱计(GC-qMS)、气相色谱-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱计(GC-MC-ICPMS)、气相色谱-光强衰荡光谱仪(GC-CRDS).提出了在线测试中的5个值得注意的问题:①样品的预富集;②气相色谱(GC)和液相色谱(LC)分离;③多种仪器和多种方法选择使用;④有机化合物稳定同位素标准物质的开发;⑤安全保障.提出了三点建议:一是大力发展直接注入而不经过燃烧的有机污染物同位素测试技术,例如GC-qMS和GC-CRDS技术;二是继续开发研究GC-MC-ICPMS测定有机氯和有机溴同位素技术;三是快速研制有机化合物稳定同位素的国际标准物质.本文认为,在进行单体化合物同位素研究时应作多元素的同位素分析,而其最优的选择是采用直接样品注入而不经过燃烧的测试技术.  相似文献   

9.
韩友科  安娜 《岩矿测试》1986,(4):296-303
本文采用氧化铜为氧化剂测定元素碳(金刚石、石墨、煤)的同位素组成。将样品与氧化铜混合(1:14),在1050—1100℃下燃烧生成CO_2,再用氧化亚铜炉在900℃下纯化,除去CO和剩余O_2,获得谱分析CO_2。试验中,首先对国际标准NBS_(21)和我室光谱纯碳(作标准用)进行了单因素精密  相似文献   

10.
吴珍  刘慧  黄咸雨 《岩矿测试》2012,31(6):1028-1032
邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是地下水中主要的有机污染物,其单体的稳定碳同位素比值变化特征有望作为其溯源与过程示踪的依据,为更好地控制其对环境的污染提供可靠的信息.研究表明,在样品前处理过程中涉及一些物理变化过程,有机污染物的稳定碳同位素分馏效应不明显.本文应用液液萃取对样品进行前处理,气相色谱-同位素比值质谱联用法( GC - IRMS)测定地下水中5种邻苯二甲酸酯单体,包括邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)的稳定碳同位素比值,探讨PAEs在液液萃取过程中5种单体稳定碳同位素比值分馏情况.分析结果表明,萃取前后PAEs的碳同位素比值没有显著的变化,说明液液萃取可以作为GC - IRMS测定邻苯二甲酸酯单体稳定碳同位素比值的前期预处理方法.  相似文献   

11.
六氟化硫法测量33S/32S、34S/32S和36S/32S的方法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
六氟化硫法是测量硫同位素组成的新方法。与传统的二氧化硫法相比,六氯化硫法有灵敏度高,准确度高,能同时测定扩δ33S、δ34S和δ36S的优越性。本文介绍了国内第一台同位素分析用的六氟化硫制样装置,并报导了对硫化银、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、陨硫铁、方铅矿和闪锌矿等天然硫化物用六氟化硫法进行硫同位素测定的结果。结果表明,我们的装置和方法达到了国际上现有的水平,并在操作的方便性、可靠性及样品适用范围方面有所改进。  相似文献   

12.
对具有不同地质历史背景的3类40Ar/39Ar法样品中的40Ar和39Ar释出特征进行对比,研究结果表明,40Ar/39Ar法样品中的40Ar、39Ar释气曲线主要表现为以下3种形式:完全重合型、过剩氩型和不规则型。当40Ar与39Ar释气曲线呈完全重合型时,40Ar/39Ar法全熔年龄代表了岩体的形成年龄;当40Ar、39Ar释气曲线是过剩氩型时,40Ar/39Ar法全熔年龄则大于岩体的形成年龄;当40Ar与39Ar释气曲线呈不规则型时,表明样品中的放射成固氩(40Ar*)发生了丢失,其全熔年龄一般较岩体的形成年龄小。对于40Ar、39Ar释气曲线呈过剩氩型的样品,40Ar/39Ar法年龄谱通常呈马鞍形,且马鞍形年龄谱的底部年龄一般都具有地质意义,代表了岩体的形成年龄。对于40Ar、39Ar释气曲线呈不规则型的样品,对其年龄谱的解释应持谨慎态度。  相似文献   

13.
228Ra, 226Ra, and 222Rn activities were determined on over 150 ground water samples collected from drilled, public water supply wells throughout South Carolina. A wide range of aquifer lithologies were sampled including the crystalline rocks of the Piedmont and sedimentary deposits of the Coastal Plain. A significant linear relationship between log 228Ra and log 226Ra (n = 182, r = 0.83) was indistinguishable between Piedmont and Coastal Plain ground water. Median 228Ra226Ra activity ratios for the Piedmont, 1.2, and Coastal Plain, 1.3, ground water are close to estimated average crustal 232Th238U activity ratios of 1.2 to 1.5 corresponding to Th/U weight ratios of 3.5 to 4.5. A linear correlation was also found between log 222Rn and log 226Ra for Piedmont (n = 68, r = 0.62) and Coastal Plain (n = 89, r = 0.64) ground water. However, the median 222Rn226Ra activity ratio for Piedmont ground water, 6100, was much higher than for Coastal Plain ground water, 230. Higher excess 222Rn activities may be due to greater retention of 226Ra by the chemically active Piedmont aquifers compared to the more inert sand aquifers sampled in the Coastal Plain. The relationship between log 228Ra and log 226Ra was used to predict total Ra (228Ra + 226Ra) distributions in Appalachian and Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain ground water. Predictions estimate that 2.4% of Appalachian and 5.3% of Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain ground water supplies contain total Ra activities in excess of the 5 pCi/l limit established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. These predictions also indicate that 40–50% of these ground water wells may be overlooked using the presently suggested screening activity of 3.0 pCi/l of 226Ra for 228Ra analysis.  相似文献   

14.
Approximately one thousand drilled wells were investigated for their natural radioactivity. The determinations of 238U, 234U, 226Ra and 222Rn from 310 samples showed a high state of radioactive disequilibrium between the members of the uranium series present in water. The 238U226Ra activity ratio usually fell in the range 1–20 and the 238U222Rn activity ratio in the range 1–20 × 10?4, the highest activity ratios being from samples with an elevated uranium content. The 234U238U activity ratio varied between 0.76 and 4.67, the most frequent values showing a 60% excess of 234U in the samples. Most of the 234U238U activity ratios near unity were found in samples with a high uranium content. Several drilled wells with anomalously high uranium contents were found in southern Finland. The average 226Ra and 222Rn contents of these wells were not exceptionally high, which suggests high mobility of uranium in groundwater from the areas involved.  相似文献   

15.
An attempt to date deep-sea igneous rocks reliably was made using the 40Ar/39Ar dating technique. It was determined that the 40Ar/39Ar incremental release technique could not be used to eliminate the effects of excess radiogenic 40Ar in deep-sea basalts. Excess 40Ar is released throughout the extraction temperature range and cannot be distinguished from 40Ar generated by in situ40K decay. The problem of the reduction of K-Ar dates associated with sea water alteration of deep-sea igneous rocks could not be resolved using the 40Ar/39Ar technique. Irradiation induced 39Ar loss and/or redistribution in fine-grained and altered igneous rocks results in age spectra that are artifacts of the experimental procedure and only partly reflect the geologic history of the sample. Therefore, caution must be used in attributing significance to age spectra of fine grained and altered deep-sea igneous rocks. Effects of 39Ar recoil are not important for either medium-grained (or coarser) deep-sea rocks or glasses because only a small fraction of the 39Ar recoils to channels of easy diffusion, such as intergranular boundaries or cracks, during the irradiation.  相似文献   

16.
等时线方法在K-Ar年代学中得到广泛应用,本文利用一种新的36Ar/39Ar-40Ar/39Ar等时线方法,计算查南疆汗萨拉锑、银矿带中石英脉的40Ar-39Ar实验数据,并与其他等时线方法进行对比,得到非常一致的结果.  相似文献   

17.
钕同位素比值~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd标准溶液研制   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
钕同位素比值(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)是Sm-Nd同位素方法的关键量值,由于被测样品的~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值变化范围很小,所以对~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值测试的精准度要求很高(精度优于0.005%)。为了获得高精度和高准确度的测试数据,分析过程中所用Nd同位素标准物质起着重要作用。以往的Nd同位素标准物质都是氧化钕,经过近三十年有的已消耗殆尽。本文阐述了钕同位素比值~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd标准溶液的研制,经检验标准溶液的均匀性和稳定性良好,由11家实验室协同定值,采用MC-TIMS和MC-ICP-MS方法测定~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd,确定了Nd同位素标准溶液的特性值~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd=0.512438,不确定度为5×10-6。此标准溶液于2015年5月获得国家标准样品证书(批号为GSB 04-3258—2015),可被用于地质、资源、海洋、环境、考古等多种样品~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值测定时的仪器校准和分析过程的质量监控。  相似文献   

18.
19.
87Sr86Sr measurements of 108 sedimentary carbonate rocks have been used to trace variations in the strontium isotopic composition of seawater during the Phanerozoic. The lowest 87Sr/86Sr observed for any suite of carbonates is taken as the best approximation to the value in well-mixed contemporary seawater. Our data support the existence of low 87Sr86Sr in the Cretaceous and Late Jurassic but they do not support further structure beyond a general trend through the Phanerozoic, which may correlate with the continental denudation rate.  相似文献   

20.
13C and 1H NMR spectra were obtained for humic acids isolated from marine sediments. NMR shows great promise in identifying structural components of humic acids as some new and interesting structural features are identified. Aliphatic structures were found to constitute a much larger fraction of humic acids than previously thought, and they appeared to be highly branched. Although the aromatic content of terrestrial humic acid was found to be lower than expected, the aromaticity appears to be a specific discriminator of terrestrial/aquatic source types. A humic acid isolated from an anoxic algal sapropel was found to be composed predominantly of polyuronic acids and different than other aquatic sedimentary humic substances.  相似文献   

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