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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(1)
格咱岛弧是西南三江地区重要的铜多金属矿集区,卓玛铜矿是格咱岛弧近年来新发现和评价的与中酸性岩浆侵入有关铜多金属矿床之一。采用锆石LA-ICP-MS定年方法,获得卓玛成矿岩体石英二长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为218.88±0.63Ma(MWSD=0.99),属于印支晚期。岩石地球化学特征表明石英二长斑岩属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩岩石系列,稀土元素总含量中等(ΣREE=50.50×10~(-6)~101.87×10~(-6)),轻稀土较富集(LREE/HREE=12.53~15.53),轻重稀土元素分馏明显((La/Yb)_N=17.58~18.32);且富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Ba、Rb、Sr、K,亏损高场强元素(HFSF)Ta、Nb、P、Ti和重稀土元素(HREE),具有岛弧花岗岩的特征,属I型花岗岩。研究表明,卓玛成矿斑岩体的形成时代属晚三叠世格咱岛弧岩浆作用的高峰时段,岩石成因与印支期甘孜-理塘洋壳的俯冲作用密切相关。 相似文献
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松诺铜多金属矿床位于义敦岛弧南端的格咱岛弧东斑岩带中部,是我国近年来新发现的印支期铜多金属矿,找矿前景良好。本文通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年法获得了黄铜矿化石英二长斑岩的锆石结晶年龄为204.7±1.4Ma(MSWD=0.21)。松诺含矿石英二长斑岩岩石地球化学特征表明,岩石富铝(Al_2O_3=14.03%~15.99%,平均为15.19%),富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=6.82%~7.99%),属高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列,显示准铝质特征(A/CNK=0.793~1.025,平均为0.92),岩石富集轻稀土元素(LREE),轻重稀土分馏明显(LaN/YbN=13.32~24.32),富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、Th、U、Sr),亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nb、Ce、P、Ti),岩石属I型花岗岩。松诺地区成矿岩体成矿时代发生在印支晚期,成岩成矿物质主要来自深部岩浆。区域构造演化和岩石地球化学的特征表明含矿岩体形成于火山弧构造环境,其形成与甘孜—理塘洋壳向西俯冲造山作用存在密切的联系。结合地球化学及锆石U-Pb定年的研究,松诺铜多金属矿与普朗铜矿具有相似地球化学特征及成岩成矿时代,资源潜力较大,找矿前景良好。 相似文献
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江西东乡花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对东乡铜矿花岗斑岩进行岩石地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年研究,探讨其岩石成因、构造环境、形成时代与成矿的关系。东乡花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为156.4±1.5~161±1.0Ma。该岩体为高钾钙碱性系列,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素较亏损,具有明显的负Eu异常。微量元素富集大离子亲石元素,而亏损高场强元素。地球化学特征表明,东乡岩体形成于碰撞构造环境,岩浆来源于地幔,但形成演化期间经历了地壳物质的同化混染。该区矿石与花岗斑岩的稀土元素配分曲线存在一定的相似性,且成矿时间与岩浆侵入时间相近,表明岩浆侵入对东乡铜矿床的形成具有重要贡献。 相似文献
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扬子西缘乡城-丽江结合带燕山期斑岩Mo多金属矿床成矿系统 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
位于扬子陆块西缘与西南三江造山带结合部位的乡城-丽江地区,北起四川乡城经云南格咱南至丽江地区,在印支期斑岩铜矿带上新发现叠加了燕山期斑岩Mo多金属成矿作用,形成乡城-丽江斑岩Mo矿带。受印支期古特提斯洋盆闭合后地壳缩短与加厚的影响,燕山晚期下地壳发生拆沉作用,导致后碰撞型花岗质岩浆侵位,发育了Mo多金属成矿作用,并构成斑岩成矿系统。岩石地球化学特征表明,燕山晚期含矿斑岩具高硅(SiO_2=66.29%~79.36%)、高碱(K_2O+Na_2O=5.07%~9.24%)、富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=0.71~2.13)的特点,属于高钾钙碱性岩石系列。岩石富集轻稀土元素(LREE),具有负δEu异常;微量元素具富集大离子亲石元素K、U、Th、Rb,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti的特征;大离子亲石元素的富集和Nb、Ta等高场强元素的亏损,表明形成这些岩体的岩浆主要来自地壳,具有造山带花岗岩的地球化学特征。区内代表性含矿斑岩相似的地球化学组成及分布特征表明,乡城-丽江结合带燕山晚期的成矿斑岩是由同源岩浆分异演化而来。成矿系统的分析表明,燕山晚期主要含矿斑岩成矿物质以壳源为主,但具有少量地幔物质的加入,成岩成矿物质来源具有相似或一致的源区特征。在成矿元素的组合上,由成矿斑岩体向外带表现出W、Mo→W、Mo、Cu→Pb、Zn、Ag的演化趋势。研究表明,本区燕山晚期花岗岩浆的侵入及Mo多金属成矿作用并不是独立或个别的成矿事件,而是纵跨义敦岛弧、甘孜-理塘结合带及扬子西缘的带状成矿活动,属于区内与燕山晚期岩浆侵入作用相关的统一斑岩成矿系统。 相似文献
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本文通过锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年法对云南格咱岛弧中部的地苏嘎成矿斑岩体中不含矿石英闪长玢岩和含矿两类石英闪长玢岩进行了年代学研究,获得了不含矿石英闪长玢岩(DSG-1)的形成年龄为203.03±0.54Ma,含矿石英闪长玢岩(DSG-2)的年龄分为两组217.25±0.89Ma和208.5±1.0Ma,限定了地苏嘎岩体的岩浆活动时限为217~203Ma,表明与成矿作用相关的热事件主要发生在208Ma。地苏嘎石英闪长玢岩的地球化学特征表明岩石具岛弧岩浆岩的特征,岩石富钠(Na2O/K2O=0.91~2.91,平均为1.65),准铝质(A/CNK=0.848~1.244,平均0.996),岩石富集轻稀土元素(LREE),La N/Yb N为9.44~26.09,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,K、Rb、Ba、Sr)和不相容元素(U、Th、Pb),亏损高场强元素(HFSE,Nb、Hf、P、Ti)。地苏嘎成矿岩体的成岩成矿时代均发生在印支晚期,区域构造演化和岩石地球化学特征反映岩体形成于岛弧构造环境,其形成与格咱岛弧印支期洋壳的俯冲作用密切相关。岩浆作用和成矿作用基本吻合,但岩浆作用的时限已接近燕山早期,说明云南格咱岛弧也存在燕山早期的岩浆活动,这对探讨格咱岛弧构造岩浆演化及成岩成矿作用的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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欠虽铜矿床位于西南三江地区义敦岛弧南段的格咱岛弧中南部,是近年来该区新发现的铜多金属矿床,具有良好的找矿前景。目前该地区已发现若干印支期成矿事件中形成的中大型矿床,是中国重要的多金属矿集区。本文通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法对欠虽铜矿石英闪长玢岩进行了年代学研究,获得铜矿化石英闪长玢岩的形成年龄为(220.3±0.66)Ma(MSWD=0.99)。岩石地球化学特征研究表明,欠虽石英闪长玢岩具有富钠(K2O/Na2O为0.05~1.42,平均值为0.86)、准铝质(0.82~1.19,平均值为1.07)的特征,岩石富集轻稀土元素(LREE),轻重稀土元素分馏明显(LaN/YbN=19.6~28.8),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,Ba、Th、U、Sr),亏损高场强元素(HFSF,Ta、Nb、Ce、P、Ti),属于典型的I型花岗岩。欠虽铜矿成矿岩体成岩时代发生在印支晚期,含矿斑岩的微量元素特征、构造背景及同位素特征反映欠虽岩体形成于岛弧环境,与格咱岛弧印支期洋壳的俯冲造山作用密切联系。通过地球化学特征及成岩成矿年代的研究,表明欠虽多金属矿的形成年限与甘孜—理塘洋壳俯冲造山作用时限相近,且与普朗铜矿、红山铜矿是同期次同源构造-岩浆演化的产物,这对探讨格咱岛弧构造-岩浆演化及成岩成矿作用的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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滇西北铜厂沟Mo-Cu矿床岩体年代学、地球化学及其地质意义 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
铜厂沟大型斑岩型Mo-Cu多金属矿床位于扬子西缘义敦岛弧带南端,钼矿化与花岗闪长斑岩紧密相关。花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为84.57±0.29Ma(MSWD=0.73),侵位于晚白垩世。岩石的Si O2为63.03%~69.60%,Na2O+K2O为6.97%~9.11%,具高钾钙碱性和准铝质-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.88~1.05)特征。岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Pb等),相对亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(Ti、Nb、P等),并且具有较高的Sr/Y和La/Yb比值,及较低的Y、Yb及Mg O含量。这些地球化学特征表明铜厂沟花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克质岩石的特征,可能起源于加厚下地壳岩石的部分重熔。地球化学投图显示,铜厂沟岩体呈现出晚碰撞-碰撞后花岗岩特征,指示着岩体可能形成于陆内碰撞造山后由挤压转换为伸展构造环境;岩浆上侵过程中含矿热液沿构造发育部位运移,在酸性岩体内形成细脉浸染状钼(铜钨)矿化,在构造破碎带、层间滑动带和玄武岩与碳酸盐岩接触带交代形成矽卡岩型Cu、Pb、Zn多金属矿体和热液脉型Pb、Zn、Ag多金属矿体,构成钼(铜钨)→铜钼→铁铜金→铅锌的成矿元素分带和斑岩成矿系统。 相似文献
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滇西哀牢山构造带长安铜钼金矿集区碱性斑岩岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及其对成矿作用的约束 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
长安矿集区内的碱性斑岩体(脉)是哀牢山-金沙江碱性岩浆岩带的重要组成部分。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明长安花岗斑岩脉、铜厂正长斑岩和长安冲正长斑岩的形成时代分别为37.1±0.5Ma、35.8±0.4Ma和21.7±0.3Ma。岩石地球化学分析结果表明矿集区内新生代岩浆岩为准铝质-弱过铝质的碱性岩类,其高钾富碱富钙,以及轻稀土富集、Eu弱负异常、大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U和K)强烈富集、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P和Ti)亏损的地球化学特征与哀牢山-金沙江南段碱性带内的碱性岩浆岩一致,是源于含金云母的相对较浅的尖晶石相地幔的部分熔融形成钾质碱性岩浆,在上升过程中或在岩浆房内发生分异作用,演化出系列碱性岩浆,在较短时间内相继就位形成的,并为矿集区内多金属矿床的形成提供成矿流体和物质。 相似文献
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本文通过锆石LA ICP MS U Pb定年法对云南格咱岛弧中部的地苏嘎成矿斑岩体中不含矿石英闪长玢岩和含矿两类石英闪长玢岩进行了年代学研究,获得了不含矿石英闪长玢岩（DSG 1）的形成年龄为20303±054Ma,含矿石英闪长玢岩（DSG 2）的年龄分为两组21725±089Ma和2085±10Ma,限定了地苏嘎岩体的岩浆活动时限为217～203Ma,表明与成矿作用相关的热事件主要发生在208Ma。地苏嘎石英闪长玢岩的地球化学特征表明岩石具岛弧岩浆岩的特征,岩石富钠（Na2O/K2O=091～291,平均为165）,准铝质（A/CNK=0848～1244,平均0996）,岩石富集轻稀土元素（LREE）,LaN/YbN为944～2609,富集大离子亲石元素（LILE,K、Rb、Ba、Sr）和不相容元素（U、Th、Pb）, 亏损高场强元素（HFSE,Nb、Hf、P、Ti）。地苏嘎成矿岩体的成岩成矿时代均发生在印支晚期,区域构造演化和岩石地球化学特征反映岩体形成于岛弧构造环境,其形成与格咱岛弧印支期洋壳的俯冲作用密切相关。岩浆作用和成矿作用基本吻合,但岩浆作用的时限已接近燕山早期,说明云南格咱岛弧也存在燕山早期的岩浆活动,这对探讨格咱岛弧构造岩浆演化及成岩成矿作用的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Humboldt, Arago, and the temperature of groundwater 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stanley N. Davis 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(5):501-503
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Text, talk, things, and the subpolitics of performing place 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article tells the story of how a group of Dutch and Belgian citizens organized themselves to promote an area that they valued, to put it on the map, to raise awareness about its qualities, and to protect it from urban and industrial development. Our theoretical perspective focuses on the performative and political aspects of this place-making process and the discursive and material practices involved. We connect this to Beck’s concept of subpolitics.Our findings show how the group performed this place not only through text and talk - giving the area a name, using their knowledge and expertise to raise awareness about its values, lobbying and cooperating with decision-makers -, but also through things - installing art objects and information signs that articulate certain characteristics and values of the area. Our findings demonstrate the struggles involved in these performances. The group involved multiple perspectives on what the important values and characteristics of the area are and on what strategies would work best in trying to influence decision-making and protect the area. However, the use of expertise as the main strategy to gain influence excluded the more critical and activist strategies and privileging archaeological and historical values and characteristics came at the expense of attention on agricultural and natural values.Our findings make clear that performing place cannot be taken to be homogeneous and that it inevitably involves multiple perspectives and demands. The struggles, power relations and dynamics of inclusion and exclusion that this multiplicity implicates reveal a form of sub-politics that involves both politicization and depoliticization. Also, it is a form of subpolitics that is more diverse and ambiguous than Beck’s conceptualization presupposes by its emphasis on the role of outsiders as a homogeneous group. 相似文献
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Yuriy Sokolov 《GeoJournal》1992,26(4):497-502
The discovery of a new continent that was later called America by Christopher Columbus some five hundred years ago, has in
one way or another, influenced people the World over. The extraordinary significance of this event for mankind is displayed
by the dimension of the consequences and the variety of reactions among nations and communities of the “Old World”. 相似文献
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Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
17.
山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。 相似文献
18.
Based on the historical records of natural disasters and human wars of the final 35 years in the late Ming Dynasty (1610–1644 AD) obtained using different spatial scales, a set of grading systems were established to classify, grade and present these records and their spatiotemporal characteristics. From natural and human perspectives to quantitative analyses of the direct causes of the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, the author draws conclusion regarding a total of six immediate factors, which were, according to the rate of contribution from high to low, internal rebellions, drought, inter-ethnic conflicts, locust, flood and external wars. Among these causes, human factors accounted for approximately 47%, while natural factors accounted for approximately 53%. Attribution analysis indicated that the basin areas in east China were sensitive to climate change during the Ming Dynasty. Severe drought and locusts in a cooling environment were the main natural causes, while frequent internal rebellions and inter-ethnic conflicts influenced by financial crisis were the major human factors. Although natural factors accounted for a greater percentage than human factors in the rate of contribution to the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, they were the only external factors impacting social development and changes. 相似文献
19.
The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ 11= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ 22=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ 33= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α D (mineral)=∑ α D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (Vo) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of Vo in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect. 相似文献
20.
Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Joseph L. Domagalski Steven P. Phillips E. Randall Bayless Celia Zamora Carol Kendall Richard A. WildmanJr Janet G. Hering 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):675-690
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. 相似文献