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岩体裂纹的水力劈裂是岩体开裂渗漏甚至施工涌水的重要影响因素之一,也是岩土工程界的研究热点。从断裂力学角度分析了爆破开挖对岩体含水裂纹扩展的扰动作用,结果表明,爆破开挖扰动下,岩体含水裂纹的扩展,与爆炸应力波强度及其入射角、地应力的大小与方向、孔隙水压大小、裂纹的倾角及断裂韧度等因素相关;爆炸应力波的作用,相当于增大了岩体裂纹中的孔隙水压力,每1 cm/s的峰值振动速度相当于增大100 kPa的孔隙水压力,爆破振动速度越大,所产生的爆破扰动荷载越大;岩体开挖引起的岩体裂纹近区地应力及其孔隙水压力的变化,对裂纹的失稳与扩展具有较复杂的影响,可改变裂纹的失稳扩展模式。 相似文献
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储层岩体中的天然结构面对水力压裂缝网改造具有重要的影响。本文采用真实破裂过程分析软件RFPA2D-Flow,在考虑岩体非均质性和岩体渗流-应力-损伤破裂特性的基础上,对不同尺度天然结构面影响的水力压裂裂缝扩展与演化行为进行了模拟分析和讨论,研究结果表明:（1）当水力裂缝遇天然非闭合裂隙时,在水力裂缝靠近非闭合裂隙区间形成拉张应力区,水力裂缝与区间非闭合裂隙间微元体累进性张拉破坏是导致水力裂缝与非闭合裂隙贯通的主要机制;（2）层理等优势结构对水力压裂裂缝扩展及缝网形态影响十分显著,当最大主应力方向与层理面走向小角度相交时,层理结构面对水力裂隙的扩展起主要作用,当最大主应力方向与层理面走向大角度相交时,最大主压应力与层理面共同对缝网扩展起主导作用,随着优势结构面的增多和差应力的增大,水力压裂形成的缝网范围和复杂性程度随之增大;（3）储层水力压裂是一种局部范围内的短暂动力扰动过程,尽管断层的存在可以极大地影响水力裂缝的扩展模式,增大水力裂隙扩展高度,但相比于储层埋深,水力压裂对断层封闭性的破坏范围和断层活动性的扰动程度十分有限。 相似文献
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A two‐dimensional coupled hydromechanical discontinuum model for simulating rock hydraulic fracturing 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yu‐Yong Jiao Huan‐Qiang Zhang Xiu‐Li Zhang Hai‐Bo Li Qing‐Hui Jiang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(5):457-481
Within the framework of our discontinuous deformation analysis for rock failure algorithm, this paper presents a two‐dimensional coupled hydromechanical discontinuum model for simulating the rock hydraulic fracturing process. In the proposed approach, based on the generated joint network, the calculation of fluid mechanics is performed first to obtain the seepage pressure near the tips of existing cracks, and then the fluid pressure is treated as linearly distributed loads on corresponding block boundaries. The contribution of the hydraulic pressure to the initiation/propagation of the cracks is considered by adding the components of these blocks into the force matrix of the global equilibrium equation. Finally, failure criteria are applied at the crack tips to determine the occurrence of cracking events. Several verification examples are simulated, and the results show that this newly proposed numerical model can simulate the hydraulic fracturing process correctly and effectively. Although the numerical and experimental verifications focus on one unique preexisting crack, because of the capability of discontinuous deformation analysis in simulating block‐like structures, the proposed approach is capable of modeling rock hydraulic fracturing processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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高水压下岩体裂纹扩展的渗流-断裂耦合机制与数值实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用渗流力学、断裂力学理论结合Monte Carlo方法描述岩体裂纹的随机分布,研究高水压作用下岩体原生裂纹的变形和翼形裂纹的萌生、扩展、贯通的渗流-断裂耦合作用机制,建立高水压作用下岩体裂纹的渗流-断裂耦合数学模型,给出该数学模型的求解策略与方法,在Fortran95平台下开发高水压下岩体裂纹扩展的渗流-断裂耦合分析程序HWFSC.for。高水压下岩体裂纹扩展的渗流-断裂耦合体现在岩体裂纹网络和渗流初始条件都随渗流时步变化。对高压注水岩体裂纹扩展过程进行渗流-断裂耦合分析。结果表明,高压注水条件下,岩体裂纹扩展存在起动水压力,当水压力大于起动水压力时,裂纹尖端开始萌生翼形裂纹,随着裂纹水压力的增加,翼形裂纹扩展,进而与其他裂纹搭接贯通,停止扩展。渗流-断裂耦合分析考虑了裂纹动、静水压力对裂纹产生的法向扩张效应及翼形裂纹的扩展而形成新的渗流通道两方面的影响,连通裂纹数随渗流的发展而增加。岩体裂纹的渗流-断裂耦合分析,能较真实地再现岩体裂纹的水力劈裂现象,描述岩体裂纹的扩展、贯通过程及与之相耦合的渗流响应。 相似文献
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During hydraulic fracturing in gassy coal seams, the gas concentration in mining path ways is found to increase significantly. This phenomenon should be the displacement methane effect caused by hydraulic fracturing. Does this effect exist objectively? To this end, laboratory and field verification experiments were carried out. An experimental system integrated with true triaxial hydraulic fracturing, seepage, and displacement gas was developed. The largest sample size was 500?×?500?×?500 mm3. Proper sealing was assured in the experimental system, and the effects of coal bed methane were simulated effectively. Methane at a specific pressure was injected into a sealed coal sample. After pressure stabilization and the methane adsorption reached its equilibrium level, the high-pressure water was injected into the coal sample from the surface. Absorbed methane in the coal sample was displaced from the bottom of the coal by water pressure seepage. After the conduction of deep borehole hydraulic fracturing in a high gassy coal seam, the gas was displaced inward and outward from the main fracture section. The permeability, diffusion, and transfer of the gas resulted in a region of increased methane content in both sides of the main fracture section. And the methane content in the main fracture section was decreased. Along the length of the borehole, the methane content changed significantly. The existence of displaced methane caused by hydraulic fracturing in gassy coal seams was first verified by laboratory experiments and then field tests. The pore-pressure gradient provides power for driving methane by hydraulic fracturing. The amount of desorbed methane resulted from the competitive adsorption of water and methane is more than that of the absorbed methane resulted from increased methane pressure, which provides material guarantee for displacing methane by hydraulic fracturing. The displacement methane caused by hydraulic fracturing in gassy coal seams was also found to be time dependent. 相似文献
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心墙是否会发生水力劈裂关系土石坝的安全,该问题的难点和关键之一是水力劈裂的发生机制和条件。利用自制模型,在2种不同加压速率条件下,对有无初始裂缝和5种不同初始裂缝深度的试样进行了水力劈裂试验;结合数值模拟和CT观测试验,验证了水力劈裂的楔劈效应机制-当水压力作用在初始裂缝形成的劈背上,引起劈刃上的力超过临界值时就可能导致发生水力劈裂。研究结果表明：初始裂缝深度越大、加压速率越高,越容易发生水力劈裂。为避免土石坝发生水力劈裂破坏,应注意心墙迎水面的施工质量和平整性,宜采用较慢的蓄水方案。 相似文献
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干热岩水压致裂过程中低温诱导热应力与注入水压共同影响裂缝的萌生与扩展。首先通过THM耦合分析了低温压裂液注入过程中注入水压与热应力的相互作用及其对裂缝萌生的影响,随后建立描述岩石细观结构的THMD耦合模型对热应力影响下高温岩石水压致裂过程进行初探。结果表明：低温压裂液注入高温岩石产生的热应力包括岩石自身温度梯度形成的热应力与岩石颗粒非均匀膨胀导致的热应力,并在井筒周围呈现为拉应力。高注入压力将抑制热应力导致的多裂缝萌生,井筒附近热应力的存在对注入压力也具有削弱作用。基岩温度升高,裂缝萌生阶段更多裂缝在井筒附近起裂,缝网沿最大地应力方向的扩展速度减慢,但改造规模增加,同时多裂缝的存在也使得裂缝延伸压力增加。 相似文献
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水力压裂技术广泛使用于页岩气开采工程中。为了分析压裂过程中多裂缝扩展形成复杂裂缝网的机制,尝试将态型近场动力学理论引入页岩水平井水力压裂过程的力学建模与数值仿真,在物质点间相互作用力模型中加入等效水压力项以实现在新生裂缝面上跟踪施加水压力,建立了水力压裂过程的近场动力学分析模型。通过模拟页岩储层的水力压裂过程,可得到复杂的裂缝扩展路径、裂缝网络的形成过程以及裂缝扩展受射孔间距及页岩天然裂缝和层理的影响。研究结果表明:射孔间距过小会造成起裂干扰,使中心射孔的裂缝扩展受到抑制;在压裂压力一定的情况下适当增大射孔间距,可以显著增强页岩压裂形成裂缝网的能力;压裂过程中水平层理面可能张开形成水平裂缝,且天然裂缝会诱导形成更复杂的垂直裂缝。模型和方法可为页岩水力压裂过程和机制研究及工程实践提供参考。 相似文献
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水力压裂作为一种改造储层渗透性、压裂增产的技术,对页岩气开采具有重要意义。为研究射孔附近水力压裂过程中页岩各向异性特征对破裂压力及裂缝扩展的影响规律,开展了单轴试验条件下不同层理角度的页岩水力压裂试验。研究表明:页岩的破裂压力存在明显的各向异性,破裂压力随层理角度的分布曲线呈U型分布,其中0°和90°破裂压力最大,30°最小;页岩的破裂形态主要有两种,一种为沿着最大主应力方向即竖直方向起裂并延伸,另一种模式为裂缝先沿着最大主应力方向起裂并延伸,延伸过程中直接穿过层理面,随后渐渐转向为沿层理面方向扩展;破裂机制则包括拉张破坏和拉张剪切混合破坏。研究结果对于深入了解页岩裂缝起裂和延伸机理、水力压裂施工设计等具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Hydraulic fracturing is the method of choice to enhance reservoir permeability and well efficiency for extraction of shale gas. Multi‐stranded non‐planar hydraulic fractures are often observed in stimulation sites. Non‐planar fractures propagating from wellbores inclined from the direction of maximum horizontal stress have also been reported. The pressure required to propagate non‐planar fractures is in general higher than in the case of planar fractures. Current computational methods for the simulation of hydraulic fractures generally assume single, symmetric, and planar crack geometries. In order to better understand hydraulic fracturing in complex‐layered naturally fractured reservoirs, fully 3D models need to be developed. In this paper, we present simulations of 3D non‐planar fracture propagation using an adaptive generalized FEM. This method greatly facilitates the discretization of complex 3D fractures, as finite element faces are not required to fit the crack surfaces. A solution strategy for fully automatic propagation of arbitrary 3D cracks is presented. The fracture surface on which pressure is applied is also automatically updated at each step. An efficient technique to numerically integrate boundary conditions on crack surfaces is also proposed and implemented. Strongly graded localized refinement and analytical asymptotic expansions are used as enrichment functions in the neighborhood of fracture fronts to increase the computational accuracy and efficiency of the method. Stress intensity factors with pressure on crack faces are extracted using the contour integral method. Various non‐planar crack geometries are investigated to demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of the proposed simulation methodology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Water outbursts from the floor during underground mining, and those from the surrounding rock mass of tunnels, involve the basic principle of hydraulic fracturing. Based on the hydraulic-fracturing mechanism, considered to be dependent on the coupling between seepage and damage, it is deemed that the variation of the pore-fluid pressure coefficient must be taken into account during this coupled process, in order to correctly establish the crack propagation mechanism during hydraulic fracturing. The coupled seepage-damage model is validated using numerical simulations of hydraulic fracturing around one hole and three holes; the model may also enable scientific and reasonable explanation of the dominance of hydraulic gradient on the crack propagation path in permeable rock. Finally, the water outburst from the floor at a coal mining site in Hebei Province, China, is numerically simulated, and the coupled seepage and damage mechanism during the mining-induced rock failure is clarified. The numerical simulation implies that the seepage-damage is the main mechanism for controlling the water outburst. Therefore this mechanism should be considered in the numerical simulation to understand the essence of water outburst induced in mines. 相似文献
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建立了求解自然裂纹和水力裂纹扩展的扩展有限元法,对裂纹附近区域的节点采用广义形函数,并采用线增函数消除混合单元,以提高裂纹附近的精度。引入水力劈裂的非耦合模型,即假设裂纹中的水压力为均布力;用砂浆法（线段-线段接触法）结合增广型拉格朗日乘子法处理受压裂纹段的接触条件。并通过算例分析了以下内容：计算了受压裂纹和裂纹面分布均布水压力的水力裂纹的应力强度因子,并与解析解进行了比较,结果表明,提出的方法具有很高的精度;模拟了水力裂纹对自然裂纹面的影响,并分析了自然裂纹面上的接触力和接触状态。 相似文献
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危岩是三峡库区典型的地质灾害类型之一,而主控结构面受荷断裂扩展是危岩发育成灾的关键核心。将危岩主控结构面类比为宏观裂纹,利用扩展有限元法在模拟裂纹扩展方面的优势,基于考虑裂纹面水压力作用的虚功原理推导出了采用扩展有限元法分析水力劈裂问题的控制方程,给出了危岩主控结构面水力劈裂问题的扩展有限元实现方法,对重庆万州太白岩危岩主控结构面的水力劈裂进行了数值模拟分析。计算结果表明：暴雨是威胁危岩稳定性的最敏感因素,随着裂隙水压力上升,裂端拉应力会急剧升高,危岩的稳定性降低;I型裂纹扩展是危岩主要的结构面扩展形式,结构面一旦发生开裂,将处于非稳定扩展状态。 相似文献
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超临界CO2是一种介于气体和液体之间的特殊状态的CO2流体,具有低黏、高扩散性和零表面张力等独特的性质。利用超临界CO2作为压裂液,有助于裂缝的起裂和扩展,同时可避免储层伤害。通过研究超临界CO2射流破岩和压裂特性,分析得到了超临界CO2岩石致裂机制。研究结果表明,超临界CO2低黏等特性使其更容易进入岩石微孔和微缝之中,在岩石内部建立大小不一的流体压力系统,使岩石发生拉伸和剪切破坏;常规流体压裂起裂压力较高,裂缝一般为单条或多条平直裂缝,大多沿着同一方向贯穿强度较高的胶结颗粒,且裂缝断面光滑、平整;超临界CO2压裂起裂压力相比于常规流体压裂低,在岩石中形成的裂缝网络较为复杂,裂缝互相连通,一般沿着强度较低的胶结物开裂,较少贯穿胶结颗粒,裂缝断面较为粗糙。该研究结果可为超临界CO2压裂技术的实施提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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In order to determine the rock mechanics characteristics, a uniaxial compression experiment for the hard sandstone in the 6305 working face of Jining No.3 Coal Mine was designed. The experimental results show that the bending energy is weakly impacted and the bending energy index is 66 kJ. To crack into the hard roof to prevent roof formation of rock burst with the Polish hydraulic fracturing technology. According to on-site hydraulic fracturing test, hydraulic fracturing radius of 6305 working face can reach 5–15 m. Finally, there is a little vibration, and energy is mainly concentrated range from 1000 to 10,000 J from the characteristics of mine waveform and spectrum distribution through microseismic monitoring system during the fracturing process. It shows that some microseismic events induced by hard roof after hydraulic fracturing have achieved the purpose of slow relief of hard roof and prevent the occurrence of rock burst. 相似文献
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水力压裂三维裂缝形态及延伸的预测是评价水力压裂效果的主要因素,采用了损伤力学与断裂力学相结合的方法,描述了裂缝表面岩体的力学行为,建立了裂缝面上的损伤判据与损伤演化方程。根据岩石力学与渗流力学,采用有限元方法建立了低渗透储层岩体的流固-损伤耦合方程,并采用Newton-Raphson与线性搜索相结合的方法进行求解,获得了低渗透油层水力压裂三维裂缝的动态扩展过程及最终形态,揭示其力学本质。通过算例验证了理论及计算方法的正确性。在此基础上,分析了影响裂缝扩展的主要因素,其结果可为水力压裂设计提供较为可靠和准确的预测手段,以提高油层水力压裂措施的成功率 相似文献
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现场测试结果表明：深层搅拌桩施工可以在周围土体中产生很高的超静孔隙水压力,其量值可能超过土体的静水劈裂压力。搅拌桩施工时和周围土体的相互作用可以用受剪的孔穴扩张过程来模拟。针对搅拌桩施工引起的周围土体的劈裂现象,提出了一种基于拉伸破坏原理的劈裂分析方法。分析结果表明：搅拌叶片的旋转对桩周围土体的劈裂起着很重要的作用。通过室内模型桩打设试验可以观测到搅拌桩周围土体的劈裂现象。分析现场搅拌桩施工时桩周土体中的孔隙水压力测试结果,表明现场施工可以引起劈裂。劈裂裂缝对于搅拌桩的性状有如下两方面的正面作用：其一,水泥浆体可以流入劈裂裂缝;其二,超静孔隙水压可以通过劈裂裂缝快速消散。这两者的作用加快了受扰动的周围土体的强度恢复。 相似文献
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爆炸作用下含水裂隙中水压力的分布及传播特征对分析含水裂隙岩体初始裂纹扩展机制具有重要意义。通过含水裂隙的混凝土室内爆炸试验,测量了爆炸时含水裂隙中的水压力,分析了含水裂隙中水压力的荷载特性及传播特征,并研究了裂隙张开宽度及爆炸药量对水压力荷载的影响。试验研究结果表明：爆炸作用下含水裂隙中水压力时程分布呈多峰波动分布,水压力来源包括爆源通过水介质直接传递的荷载及通过混凝土间接传递的荷载,且在不同裂隙长度,荷载峰值主要来源不同;相同装药条件下,含水裂隙中水压力随距爆源距离增大而迅速衰减,裂隙中同一位置水压力大小与裂隙张开宽度呈负相关;混凝土室内爆炸试验含水裂隙中水击波所带能量频谱主要集中在7.8～62.5 kHz,是一种高频信号。随距爆源距离的增加,能量分布向低频集中;水击波频带能量分布特征受爆炸药量及裂隙张开宽度的影响。当量为4.5 g TNT（三硝基苯）乳化炸药装药相比 8.1 g TNT乳化炸药装药爆炸时水击波高频信息更丰富;相同爆炸药量时,随混凝土中含水裂隙张开宽度的增加,水击波频带能量分布峰值呈现向中间频带移动的趋势。 相似文献