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1.
金刚石中的矿物包裹体 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山东、辽宁金伯利岩区金刚石中的矿物包裹体是单晶相及多晶相的。大部分原生矿物包裹体为橄榄石,也有铬尖晶石、镁铝榴石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、自然铁、针镍矿、柯石英、方解石及石墨。云母为后生包裹体矿物。橄榄石包裹体矿物富含Fo及Cr_2O_3。镁铝榴石矿物包裹体为紫红色,含Cr_2O_3,MgO及镁铬榴石分子高,形成压力为7.5GPa。单斜辉石包裹体矿物为绿色,形成温度和压力分别为:1531℃和4.5GPa。铬尖晶石包裹体矿物含Cr_2O_3及Cr/(Cr+Al)比值高,而含Al_2O_3低。柯石英的SiO_2含量为99.15％。自然铁含有少量的Co,Ni。针镍矿在金刚石中较常见。在橄榄石矿物包裹体内,见有方解石产出,其为同生矿物包裹体。 相似文献
2.
在藏东南错那县西南约20km的麻玛沟中发现了呈透镜体产出于石榴石矽线石片麻岩中的石榴辉石岩,其矿物组合为石榴石 透辉石 石英 铁角闪石 磁铁矿,并含有锆石、磷灰石等副矿物。石榴石呈他形产出,以铁铝榴石和钙铝榴石端员组分为主,贫镁铝榴石组分,并具成分环带:核部相对富铁铝榴石分子,贫镁铝榴石分子,而边部则相反。透辉石同样富铁、贫镁,Fe2 /(Fe2 Mg)比值一般大于0.6。铁角闪石呈熔蚀状被透辉石和石榴石所包裹,或产出于自形的透辉石颗粒之间,以贫钛为特征。该岩石的全岩成分以SiO2(59%～61%)、Fe2O3(全铁)(18%～19%)、CaO(12%～13%)和Al2O3(5.3%～5.4%)为主。运用石榴石-单斜辉石温压计估算出该岩石石榴石与透辉石的平衡温压条件分别为650～700℃、0.8～1.0GPa。这些特征表明该石榴辉石岩很可能系富铁的斜长角闪岩在中地壳尺度发生脱水所形成的残余。本文研究提供了一个角闪岩相石榴辉石岩的实例。 相似文献
3.
夏群科 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2021,40(5)
俯冲板块能够输送哪些物质进入深部地幔?通过什么栽体?这些问题对于理解地球物质循环至关重要,但目前仍不明确.为了研究这些问题,美国宝石研究所和美国卡耐基研究所的研究者们对超深金刚石中的矿物包裹体开展了地球化学研究.样品是Ⅱa型(N含量小于5 ppmw)、大颗粒的金刚石,包括重量达到3106克拉的库里南金刚石.前人针对这些金刚石中的硅酸盐包裹体矿物(超硅石榴石和Ca钙钛矿)的研究显示其来源深度为360～750 km.这些大颗粒宝石级超深金刚石中含有多个Fe-Ni-S-C的包裹体组合. 相似文献
4.
据CatherineMcCammon等报道,在巴西Luiz河发现的金刚石中含有一些矿物包裹体,其中有（Mg,Fe,Al）（Si,Al）O3,（Mg,Fe）O,CasiO3和四面体的铁铝-镁铝榴石混合物（tetragonalalmandine－pyropephase,下简称为TAPP）,通过研究其氧化状态,就能了解一些下地幔的信息。含有包裹体的金刚石来自下地幔。通过对其内部包裹体周围的微裂隙检查,包裹体内部矿物压力测定及同位素研究,可以证明金刚石在后来的地质作用中未改变其化学成分。包裹体中的（Mg,Al）（Si,Al）O3在下地幔可能以钙钛矿的形式存在,而TAPP则是其原始相。… 相似文献
5.
江西东乡—相山中生代火山岩中富铝矿物的发现和成因意义 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
本文讨论在江西东乡上侏罗统虎岩组凝灰岩和相山鹅湖岭组碎斑熔岩中新发现的石榴石、红柱石等富铝硅酸盐矿物。石榴石呈自形的菱形十二面体,常包裹含钛磁铁矿、针状磷灰石等矿物包裹体。电子探针分析表明,东乡产出的石榴石为铁铝榴石,相山为钙质铁铝榴石。根据石榴石—熔体成分计算石榴石形成时温度为1060℃,压力为6×10~8Pa。二长温度计计算长石形成温度为785℃。从而证实石榴石为岩浆成因,厘定了本区火山岩是S型。 相似文献
6.
中国辽宁复县金刚石中新发现的碳化钛矿物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在我国辽宁复县金刚石中首次发现了碳化钛(TiC)矿物包裹体。该矿物包裹体呈板状,颗粒大小为50μm×35μm×8μm。碳化钛矿物的颗粒表面平整,成分纯净,能谱和电子探针分析确定其仅由Ti和C两种元素组成。利用CCD单晶衍射仪对碳化钛矿物进行了单晶德拜衍射,获得了该矿物包裹体的衍射数据,证实为碳化钛矿物包裹体。结构分析表明,产出于金刚石中的包裹体矿物碳化钛同时存在立方结构和菱面体结构两套衍射,根据X射线结构分析结果与前人对于TiC高压实验资料的对比,认为该金刚石包裹体矿物碳化钛原始形成的压力超过18 GPa。 相似文献
7.
镁铝榴石是贯穿整个地幔的重要组成矿物之一 ,携带着丰富的地幔甚至核幔边界信息。其中的包裹体是源于地幔深部最直接的样品。(1)样品描述 :镁铝榴石样品采自山东蒙阴富含金刚石的胜利一号金伯利岩岩管 ,近似椭圆形外观 ,长约 2 3mm ,最宽处约 16mm ,厚约 8mm ,主体为紫红色 ,沿裂隙有暗色的充填物。存在于镁铝榴石中的两个含有包括钾硼氯包裹体在内的多个无氧物相 (图 1和图 2中黑色部分 ,将另文讨论 )图 1 球状体背散射电子图像图 2 半球状体背散射电子图像的球状体 ,均于主晶镁铝榴石中呈清晰轮廓。球状体的主体成分为含水或其它挥发份… 相似文献
8.
首次在冀北崇礼晚古生代红旗营子变质表壳岩中发现了高压-超高压榴英岩,并对其进行了矿物化学研究及锆石U-Pb年代学限定。该高压-超高压榴英岩呈透镜状产出,直接围岩为石榴黑云斜长片麻岩,矿物成分主要为石榴子石和石英,有少量角闪石、斜长石和重晶石,副矿物可见磷灰石、钛铁矿以及铜铁硫化物等。石榴子石以高的Grs+And值(23.08%～29.38%)为特征,属铁铝榴石-钙铝榴石-镁铝榴石系列,铁铝榴石分子、钙铝榴石分子和镁铝榴石分子分别为51.70%～61.87%、23.08%～28.45%和11.31%～16.75%,另有少量的锰铝榴石分子(1.25%～2.45%)。磷灰石为氟磷灰石,F含量介于1.65%～3.29%之间,磷灰石包裹体周边石榴子石颗粒常具放射状减压膨胀缝,显示出高压-超高压变质岩的退变质特征。重晶石可能为磷灰石在高压-超高压榴英岩的折返过程中减压分解出溶的结果,该过程同时伴随有铜铁硫化物的形成。榴英岩形成的温压条件为667～710℃、1.189～1.279 GPa,与矿物学特征所显示的压力属性相一致。榴英岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年获得两组不同的年龄数据,其中碎屑锆石的T... 相似文献
9.
山东济南宝石级石榴石赋存于市区中基性岩体北缘,产地破坏严重,缺乏系统的宝石学资料。本文利用常规宝石学仪器、傅立叶变换红外光谱、电子探针和紫外-可见光光谱对济南石榴石进行了测试。济南石榴石的围岩是矽卡岩(较早)与伟晶岩(较晚),矽卡岩中石榴石晶体呈半自形-他形,颜色以黑色-棕红色-棕黄色为主,绿色者少,主要成分是钙铁榴石,其次为钙铝榴石;伟晶岩中石榴石晶体多为菱形十二面体,颜色以绿色、黄色为主,主要成分是钙铝榴石,其次是钙铁榴石,包裹体为针状阳起石和长石。石榴石晶体颜色环带自早到晚依次呈现黑-棕红-棕黄-黄绿-绿色。绿色环带具有异常消光,Cr含量不均匀;深绿环带Fe、Ti、Cr含量高,Y含量低,其中Cr、Fe、Ti为致色元素;黑色石榴石具有高Ti含量,并含有黑色尖晶石包裹体。济南石榴石以其中含有阳起石和尖晶石包裹体等特征区别于世界其他产地的宝石级石榴石。 相似文献
10.
湖南沅江是我国砂矿金刚石的重要产地,石榴子石和金刚石是砂矿中常见的重矿物,与金刚石相关的石榴子石特征研究,对揭示湖南砂矿金刚石的来源与形成条件有重要意义。本文随机选取湖南沅江辰溪地区金刚石砂矿中160粒碎屑石榴子石和5粒金刚石包裹体中的石榴子石,采用矿物学、地球化学并借鉴统计学方法对它们进行了分析比较。结果显示,碎屑石榴子石主要为铁铝-锰铝榴石系列,其中个别石榴子石含有金刚石包裹体。聚类分析、线性判别、逻辑回归分析计算显示,部分G3榴辉岩型石榴子石与金刚石可能具有成生联系。同时,两个采集地点的石榴子石类型、主微量元素具有一定的差异,其中一个地点的石榴子石样品DJZ-7-1具有与金刚石更强的亲缘性。基于本文碎屑石榴子石Si值大于3.02以及前人对湖南金刚石限定的温压条件进行分析,认为湖南金刚石可能形成于深度小于220 km的橄榄岩-榴辉岩混杂区,该区域系钾镁煌斑岩型金刚石来源的优势区域。据此,建议可在辰溪赤岩村河段上游区域进一步寻找幔源G3型石榴子石以及钾镁煌斑岩,以期发现原生金刚石矿床。 相似文献
11.
辽宁金刚石中的六方镍黄铁矿及钾盐包裹体 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在产于辽宁的一粒金刚石中新发现了具六方对称外形的镍黄铁矿和钾盐包裹体。金刚石呈八体，无裂缝，表面有熔蚀纹。镍黄铁矿具完好的晶表，发育平行双面{0001}及六方双锥{h0hl}，根据电子探地的成分分析结果，计算的矿物化学式为（Ni，Fe，Co）8．62－9．01S8；拉曼光谱分析表明，其拉曼位移有别于一般的镍黄矿（立方对称）。钾盐（KCl）包裹体呈不规则状，可见似片状晶体，集合体成叠层状；除钾盐外，可能不存在CaCl2等包裹体。金刚石中这包裹体的发现，指示了地幔中局部存在富钾、富氯和高铁镍硫的液相（或熔体）。 相似文献
12.
Jinfu Shu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(1):1-8
We have performed measurements of minerals based on the synchrotron source for single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction,inelastic scattering,spectroscopy and radiography by using diamond anvil cells.We investigated the properties of iron（Fe）,iron-magnesium oxides（Fe,Mg）O, silica（SiO2）,iron-magnesium silicates（Fe,Mg）SiO3 under simulated high pressure-high temperature extreme conditions of the Earth’s crust,upper mantle,low mantle,core-mantle boundary,outer core, and inner core.The results provide a new window on the investigation of the mineral properties at Earth’s conditions. 相似文献
13.
辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿区金伯利岩中的石榴石一直被当作镁铝榴石。为了确定矿区颜色复杂的石榴石种类,本文对矿区的石榴石进行了系统的采样分析,测定了112件石榴石样品的晶胞参数、50件样品的微区化学成分和40件样品的红外光谱。利用石榴石晶胞参数、红外光谱、化学成分和化学分子式方法对矿区石榴石进行分类,结果显示:晶胞参数分类法误差大,容易得出错误结论;红外图谱分类法准确度不高,只能作为参考方法;化学成分分类法太过笼统,达不到详细划分石榴石种类的目的;化学分子式分类法可把矿区的石榴石详细划分6个矿种:镁钙铁-铝铬铁榴石、镁铁钙-铝铬铁榴石、镁钙铁-铝铬榴石、镁钙-铝铬铁镁榴石、镁铁钙-铝铬榴石、镁铁钙-铝铁铬榴石,每种石榴石都充分反映了A、B离子的种类及占位特征,是4种分类方法中最为科学的方法。研究认为瓦房店金刚石矿区金伯利岩中石榴石A端元成分以Mg2+离子占位为主;B端元成分以Al3+离子占位为主。由于阳离子替代普遍,A、B端元成分复杂,瓦房店金伯利岩中不存在单纯意义上的镁铝榴石。 相似文献
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15.
上天、入地、下海,进行极端条件下的矿物学研究,研究微矿物,发现新矿物。主要利用金刚石压机,结合使用国内外同步辐射X-光源、中子源,以及其他多种物理的、化学的、光学的测试手段(如岩石矿物化学分析,光薄片测定,电子探针,离子探针,扫描电镜,透射电镜,红外、紫外、拉曼光谱,激光加热等),对来自天外的陨石、陨石坑样品、地球深处地幔源矿物以及海底甲烷水合物进行了一些研究。模拟不同温度和压力下各种不同成分的矿物材料的晶体结构、物理和化学性质。文章着重研究从地球内核到地壳海底的各种不同组分在不同温度、压力极端环境下形成的各种各样的典型矿物:从金属固体内核和金属液体外核中的ε-Fe到核幔边界(CMB)地球D″层的后钙钛矿(Post-Perovskite)结构(ppv)镁铁硅酸盐(Mg,Fe)SiO3,从下地幔中的铁磁性钙钛矿(Perovskite)结构(pv)镁铁硅酸盐布里奇曼石(Bridgmanite)(Mg,Fe)SiO3、镁铁氧化物(Fe,Mg)O和后尖晶石(Post-Spinel)结构的含Fe3+毛河光矿(Maohokite)(HP-Mg$Fe^{3+}_{2}O_{4}$)到过渡带、上地幔和地壳中的镁铁硅酸盐、硅氧化物、铬铁氧化物和金刚石及其内含物以及甲烷水合物(CH4·H2O)等。进行高温高压极端条件下的矿物学研究,为探索地球结构性质、形成动力和发展历史提供了新的窗口。 相似文献
16.
Henry O.A. Meyer 《Earth》1977,13(3):251-281
The importance of ultramafic and eclogitic xenoliths in kimberlite as representing the rocks and minerals of the upper mantle has been widely perceived during the last decade. Studies of the petrology and mineral chemistry of these mantle fragments as well as of inclusions in diamond, have led to significant progress in our understanding of the mineralogy and chemistry of the upper mantle. For example, it is now known that textural differences in the ultramafic xenoliths (lherzolite, harzburgite, pyroxenite and websterite) are partially reflected in chemical differences. Thus xenoliths that display a ‘fluidal’ texture, indicative of intense deformation are less depleted in Ca, Al, Na, Fe and Ti than those xenoliths in which granular textures are predominant. It is believed this relative depletion may indicate the sheared (fluidal texture) xenoliths are representative of primary, undifferentiated mantle. This material on partial melting would produce ‘basaltic-type’ material, and leave a residuum whose chemistry and mineralogy is reflected by the granular xenoliths.Also present in kimberlite are large single phase xenoliths that may be either one single crystal (xenocryst, megacryst) or an aggregate of several crystals of the same mineral (discrete xenolith, or discrete nodule). These large single phase samples consist of similar minerals to those occurring in the ultramafic xenoliths but chemically they are distinct in being generally more Fe-rich. The relation between these xenocrysts to their counterparts in the ultramafic xenoliths is unknown. Also unknown, at the present time, is the exact relation between diamond and kimberlite. Evidence obtained from study of the mineral inclusions in diamond suggests that diamond forms in at least two chemically distinct environments in the mantle; one eclogitic, the other, ultramafic. Interestingly, this suggestion is true for diamonds from worldwide localities.The mineral-chemical results of studies on xenoliths and inclusions in diamond have been convincingly interpreted in the light of experimental studies. It is now possible based on several different geothermometers and barometers to determine relatively reasonable physical conditions for the final genesis of many of these mantle rocks. For the most part the final equilibration temperatures range between 1000 and 1400°C and pressure in the region 100–200 km. These conditions are consistent with an upper mantle origin. Future studies will undoubtedly attempt to more concisely, and accurately, define these conditions, as well as understand better the chemical and spatial relationship of the rock-types in the mantle. 相似文献
17.
Gerhard P. Brey Vadim Bulatov Andrei Girnis Jeff W. Harris Thomas Stachel 《Lithos》2004,77(1-4):655-663
Experiments on compositions along the join MgO–NaA3+Si2O6 (A=Al, Cr, Fe3+) show that sodium can be incorporated into ferropericlase at upper mantle pressures in amounts commonly found in natural diamond inclusions. These results, combined with the observed mineral parageneses of several diamond inclusion suites, establish firmly that ferropericlase exists in the upper mantle in regions with low silica activity. Such regions may be carbonated dunite or stalled and degassed carbonatitic melts. Ferropericlase as an inclusion in diamond on its own is not indicative of a lower mantle origin or of a deep mantle plume. Coexisting phases have to be taken into consideration to decide on the depth of origin. The composition of olivine will indicate an origin from the upper mantle or border of the transition zone to the lower mantle and whether it coexisted with ferropericlase in the upper mantle or as ringwoodite. The narrow and flat three phase loop at the border transition zone—lower mantle together with hybrid peridotite plus eclogite/sediments provides an explanation for the varying and Fe-rich nature of the diamond inclusion suite from Sao Luiz, Brazil. 相似文献
18.
苏鲁超高压变质带中国大陆科学钻探主孔(CCSD-MH)榴辉岩中发现金刚石 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
苏鲁榴辉岩中除了早前发现的一粒金刚石外,最近又发现了6粒,它们具有基本相似的外形和大小,但其晶体结构与普通自然界金刚石和人工合成金刚石存在一定差别.金刚石具有异常X-射线衍射峰以及有磁铁矿的包裹体等特征,表明可以排除这些金刚石是人造或被外来样品混染的可能性.金刚石的再发现,证实苏鲁榴辉岩的形成压力可以达到4GPa以上,并且为大别和苏鲁两个超高压变质带的对比提供了一个重要标志.金刚石的异常晶胞参数和X-Ray异常峰的出现有可能与超高压变质作用有关,但需要实验岩石学研究证实. 相似文献
19.
John C. Stormer 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1973,37(8):1815-1821
Microprobe analyses of olivine phenocrysts from nephelinite and basanite lavas show strong zoning toward calcium enrichment. Tholeiitic and other more siliceous lavas show little or no such calcium enrichment, but more extensive magnesium to iron zoning. Consideration of reactions between clinopyroxene and olivine indicate that silica activity as well as pressure is an important variable. Zoning trends toward calcium enrichment in olivine could be interpreted as a response to pressure release during crystallization. A normal, magnesium to iron, trend with no increase in calcium would, then, reflect crystallization with stable pressure conditions. 相似文献
20.
D. F. Wiggers de Vries M. R. Drury D. A. M. de Winter G. P. Bulanova D. G. Pearson G. R. Davies 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,161(4):565-579
As a step towards resolving the genesis of inclusions in diamonds, a new technique is presented. This technique combines cathodoluminescence
(CL) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) using a focused ion beam–scanning electron microscope (FIB–SEM) instrument
with the aim of determining, in detail, the three-dimensional diamond zonation adjacent to a diamond inclusion. EBSD reveals
that mineral inclusions in a single diamond have similar crystallographic orientations to the host, within ±0.4°. The chromite
inclusions record a systematic change in Mg# and Cr# from core to the rim of the diamond that corresponds with a ~80°C decrease
of their formation temperature as established by zinc thermometry. A chromite inclusion, positioned adjacent to a boundary
between two major diamond growth zones, is multi-faceted with preferred octahedral and cubic faces. The chromite is surrounded
by a volume of non-luminescent diamond (CL halo) that partially obscures any diamond growth structures. The CL halo has apparent
crystallographic morphology with symmetrically oriented pointed features. The CL halo is enriched in ~200 ppm Cr and ~80 ppm
Fe and is interpreted to have a secondary origin as it overprints a major primary diamond growth structure. The diamond zonation
adjacent to the chromite is complex and records both syngenetic and protogenetic features based on current inclusion entrapment
models. In this specific case, a syngenetic origin is favoured with the complex form of the inclusion and growth layers indicating
changes of growth rates at the diamond–chromite interface. Combined EBSD and 3D-CL imaging appears an extremely useful tool
in resolving the ongoing discussion about the timing of inclusion growth and the significance of diamond inclusion studies. 相似文献