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1.
中国东北地区东部白垩纪陆相地层发育,富含动、植物化石,并形成了重要的煤及油页岩等矿产.这里还保存了我国除西藏外唯一的早白垩世最早期海相地层的记录,对研究我国白垩纪古地理具有重要意义.近年来,这一地区在白垩纪地层古生物研究中有许多新发现,其中有些新发现还填补了东北地区某些地层"空白".本文简要介绍上述新发现并对这一地区晚白垩世植物群与以恐龙为代表的动物群的协同演化做初步探讨. 相似文献
2.
中国东北及邻区白垩纪古地磁分析与块体旋转运动动力学背景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
内容提要：为了更好地理解中国东北及邻区白垩纪各块体的旋转运动模式及其运动量,本文根据最新的地层学进展分早白垩世中期、早白垩世晚期与晚白垩世三个阶段对该区古地磁数据进行了精细分析。通过与华北-华南地块（不包括朝鲜半岛、辽东及胶东半岛）相应时期的古地磁极对比,说明朝鲜半岛及辽东早白垩世中、晚期相对华北-华南地块分别顺时针旋转约11º,晚白垩世以来没有明显的旋转运动。辽西地区则出现了小幅度的逆时针旋转运动。以上旋转运动与太平洋板块俯冲引起的中国东北及邻区强烈岩石圈减薄和伸展作用具有密切联系。 相似文献
3.
南海东北部潮汕坳陷发现中—晚侏罗世到白垩纪的海相中生代地层，由泥岩、砂岩、放射虫硅质岩夹鲕粒灰岩及火山岩构成。岩石组合及沉积特征反映出，从中-晚侏罗世到白垩纪沉积水深经历了由浅到深，然后又转为陆地的一个完整旋回，沉积环境则经历了由滨浅海相到深海相，又到滨海过渡相和陆相河湖体系的演变过程，在深海相与滨海陆地过渡相之间存在一个明显的环境突变，为沉积环境缺失所致。与深海相放射虫硅质岩相伴，则夹有玄武岩（细碧岩）层。沉积反应的气候条件从中-晚侏罗世-早白垩世的温暖湿润气候环境过渡到晚白垩世的炎热干旱气候环境。这套海相中生代地层的存在对解释南海北部中生代大地构造演化以及古特提斯洋和太平洋的关系具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
花海拗陷的热演化和生烃期的磷灰石裂变径迹证据 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用裂变径迹分析方法测量了取自花海拗陷的钻井磷灰石样品的裂变径迹年龄和长度。结果表明,随井深增加年龄减小,平均径迹长度亦变短。取自白垩纪地层的磷灰石样品的裂变径迹年龄都比地层年龄年轻得多,表明沉积后曾长时间处于磷灰石裂变径迹退火带中,沉积前的径迹记录已部分消失,古地温高于今地温。利用蒙特卡罗随机取样的热史模拟方法对裂变径迹数据进行了分析,结果表明白垩纪地层沉积后曾经历过超过110 ℃的加热,达到最高古地温的地质时代是早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世末,为主要生烃期。新生代以来盆地变冷,生油岩的成熟度主要受古地温控制 相似文献
5.
利用岩石磁学研究古水流和古应力场方向的方法与应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
阐述了利用岩石磁学研究古水流和古应力场方向的方法,应用该方法对大庆油田西部７口井、４７块白垩系地层的钻井岩心样品进行了研究,给出了大庆油田西部不同勘探区白垩纪地层的局部古水流和古应力场方向,为该区石油和天然气的开发提供了基础参考数据。 相似文献
6.
张掖国家地质公园红山湾白垩纪单型盆地是张掖—民乐盆地的重要组成部分,长期缺乏可靠的生物地层和古生态与古环境研究。本文首次报道了该区下白垩统下沟组叶肢介化石,包括1个种和3个未定种:Eosestheria ovate、E.sp.。结合首次发现的大古植物化石Claophlebis、Podozamites、微古植物化石和前人同位素测年结果,认为地质公园红山湾一带成景地层属于Aptian阶,应为Aptian中晚期。通过对叶肢介个体8个特征参数进行测量,运用PAST软件进行常规统计分析与多元统计分析,按照生态系统,结合发现的大古、微古植物化石,将早白垩世红山湾盆地划分为陆地水生和陆生生态系统,对沉积盆地古生态与古环境进行了恢复与重建。 相似文献
7.
藏南江孜一带的侏罗纪—白垩纪海相地层被划分为维美组和甲不拉组。通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察和分析,发现甲不拉组黑色页岩中含有保存较为完好的钙质超微化石。研究区的生物丰度和分异度偏低,经鉴定以椭圆球石科（Ellip-sagelosphaeraceae）生物群为主,数量相对丰富,但属种比较单调。超微化石指示甲不拉组为早白垩世沉积的产物。结合菊石和双壳类化石,认为甲不拉组地层时代属于早白垩世贝利阿斯期至凡兰吟期（Berriasian-Valanginian）。这一发现标志着西藏特提斯东部早白垩世地层中钙质超微化石的存在。甲不拉组早白垩世钙质超微化石的发现,为该地区海相地层的时代划分、对比提供了新的资料,也为寻找海相侏罗纪—白垩纪地层界线指示了目标。 相似文献
8.
塔里木盆地西部是我国发育中新生代海相地层的少数地区之一。以沉积微相分析为手段,通过对塔里木盆地西北缘乌恰地区库孜贡苏剖面晚白垩世-古近纪岩性、生物组合、颗粒成分、基质类型及其沉积结构和构造特征等仔细研究,重点针对碳酸盐岩划分出（含）骨屑隐晶灰岩、隐晶灰岩、微（隐）晶白云岩、鸟眼隐晶灰岩、微晶鲕粒白云岩、生物碎屑灰岩、微晶球粒白云岩、生物灰岩、亮晶鲕粒灰岩等9个岩相类型。根据碳酸盐岩微相类型组合和剖面结构沉积特征,划分出潮上带、潮间带、潮下带、台地边缘浅滩和生物礁5个沉积相,并恢复了该区晚白垩世-古近纪的沉积环境演化过程,为查清白垩纪-古近纪特提斯洋演化以及重建该地区古环境和油气勘探研究提供重要的基础材料。 相似文献
9.
中南区白垩纪至早第三纪岩相古地理概要 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国东部的白垩纪至早第三纪地层中蕴藏着丰富的燃料、金属、膏盐、天然碱等矿产,具有重要的经济意义。白垩纪至早第三纪又是一个特殊的地史发展阶段,无论是构造运动、沉积建造、古生物,或是古地理、古气候都有其特色。过去大区域的研究工作很少进行,只局限于个别盆地或地区。近几年来,我们开展了中南五省(区)的岩相古地理研究工作,编制了岩相古地理图七张,获得了许多新认识。本区的岩相古地理是在研究地层古生物、沉积韵律和构造发展阶段的基础上进行的。根据地层对比结果,将本区白垩纪至早第三纪分成早白垩世、晚白垩世早中期、晚白垩世晚期至早始新 相似文献
10.
苏北盆地为一新生代形成的拉张盆地,震旦纪至白垩纪地层构成了盆地的基底,本文对中、古生界碳酸盐岩盆地基底演化和盆地形成进行了四个阶段的古地热史恢复和生烃史模拟并依次叠加,得到了部分钻井的有机质的成熟度（Ｒ０值）。其结果基本上与地层实测（Ｒ０）值相吻合,为构造演化复杂的苏北地区中、古生界烃源岩成熟度提供了一些新的消息,并可作为该区进一步油气远景评价的参考。 相似文献
11.
F. A. Brooks 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1960,20(3-4):199-214
As the first phase of an investigation of the possible geologic significance of the occurrence and distribution of trace and minor elements in deep sub-surface waters, determinations have been made of these elements in a number of water samples from the Woodbine sand of Upper Cretaceous age in the East Texas basin. The determinations were made by use of an emission spectrograph.
Of a number of elements which occur in trace amounts in Woodbine waters, four appear to vary systematically in concentration. Strontium and potassium increase in concentration with increasing depth from which the water samples were produced. The distribution of barium, which occurs in relatively high concentrations in the waters of the north-western part of the basin, seems to be related to the pattern of deposition of near-shore sediments during a part of Woodbine time. The distribution of manganese, which is found in relatively high concentrations in the central portions of the basin, appears to reflect the areal extent of deeper parts of the basin. The occurrence of soluble manganese in this area indicates that reducing conditions have prevailed in the central part of the basin during the past. 相似文献
12.
Low-temperature thermal waters (<20–40 °C) from Mesozoic carbonate formations of Outer and Inner Dinarides which outcrop along the margins of small Tertiary basins, are characterised by low content (commonly <500 mg/l) of total dissolved solids and the dominance of calcium-(magnesium) bicarbonate hydrogeochemical facies. Trace elements occur in the ppb to ppt range, and can be substantially enriched in carbon dioxide-rich thermomineral waters. Contacts of thermal waters with clastic sediments affect the abundance of many trace elements, like B, Ni, Mn, Fe, Se, Sr, Ba, REE and Th. The U/Th ratios are commonly very high for the waters from carbonate aquifers, although the U abundance is in the range of some ppb. The influence of clastic sediments is reflected in an increased abundance of Th, and therefore much lower U/Th ratio. Some waters are rich in strontium (over 1 ppm), which probably originates from aragonite in Cretaceous carbonate rocks. 相似文献
13.
V. A. Dauval’ter M. V. Dauval’ter N. V. Saltan E. N. Semenov 《Geochemistry International》2009,47(6):592-610
This paper reports data on the chemical composition of surface waters (predominant ions and trace elements: approximately 40 parameters and elements) in the influence zone of the Severonikel Cu-Ni smelter in the town of Monchegorsk, Murmansk oblast. The long-continued discharge of waste waters has increased the mineralization and changed the proportions of ions in surface waters in the area: water in the sewage pond of the smelter is classed with brackish waters of the S 4 2? class, Na+ group. The sequence of major ions in water bodies under aerotechnogenic load retains the natural succession of major cations, but their concentrations slightly increase. The maximum concentration of ions in the surface waters of the Monchegorsk testing area were detected in wintertime, and the minimum contents occur during the high water period. Water bodies under aerotechnogenic load are characterized by average mineralization values much higher than is natural. The highest concentrations of Ni and Cu (two to three orders of magnitude higher than the assumed background values) and practically all trace elements were found in water bodies receiving waste waters from the smelter. The concentrations of Ni and other heavy metals in the Moncha River are much lower than in other water bodies but more than one order of magnitude higher than the assumed background concentrations. 相似文献
14.
The Cretaceous is a special episode in the history of the Earth named for a unique rock type, chalk. Chalk is similar to modern deep-sea calcareous ooze and its deposition in epicontinental seas occurred as these areas became an integral part of the ocean. The shelf-break fronts that today separate inshore from open-ocean waters cannot have existed during the Late Cretaceous probably because the higher sea level brought the base of the wind-mixed Ekman layer above the sea floor on the continental margins.A second peculiarity of the Cretaceous is its warm equable climate. Tropical and polar temperatures were warmer than today. Meridional and ocean-continent temperature gradients were lower. The warmer climate was a reflection of higher atmospheric levels of greenhouse gasses, CO2 and possibly CH4, reinforced by higher water vapor content in response to the warmer temperatures. Most of the additional energy involved in the meridional heat transport system was transported as latent heat of vaporization of H20 by the atmosphere. Poleward heat transport may have been as much as 1 Petawatt (20%) greater than it is today. C3 plants provided for more efficient energy transport into the interior of the continents.Circulation of the Cretaceous ocean may have been very different from that of today. It is impossible for large areas of the modern ocean to become anoxic, but episodes of local anoxia occurred during the earlier Cretaceous and became regional to global during the middle of the Cretaceous. The present ocean structure depends on constant wind systems, which in turn depend on stability of the atmospheric pressure systems forced by polar ice. During most of the Cretaceous the polar regions were ice free. Without polar ice there were seasonal reversals of the high-latitude atmospheric pressure systems, resulting in disruption of the mid- and high latitude wind systems. Without constant mid-latitude westerly winds, there would be no subtropical and polar fronts in the ocean, no well-developed ocean pycnocline, and no tropical subtropical gyres dominating ocean circulation. Instead the ocean circulation would be accomplished through mesoscale eddies which could carry warmth to the polar regions.Greater knowledge and understanding of the Cretaceous is critical for learning how the climate system operates when one or both polar regions are ice free. 相似文献
15.
内蒙古东北部额尔古纳地区上护林-向阳盆地中生代
火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,研究区中生代火山岩可分为2期,分别是早白垩世早期(约144Ma)吉祥峰组流纹岩类和早白垩世晚期(约125Ma)上库力组流纹岩类与梅勒图组玄武岩类。早白垩世早期吉祥峰组流纹岩富硅、富碱、富钾(K2O/Na2O>1),富集轻稀土元素和Rb、Th、U等元素,亏损重稀土元素、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)及Sr、P,具有A型流纹岩的特征,暗示其形成于伸展环境。早白垩世晚期火山岩显示双峰式岩石组合特征,基性端元富碱、高钾,富含轻稀土元素和Rb、Ba,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、Y),类似于钾玄质玄武岩,酸性端元显示A型流纹岩的特征。双峰式火山岩组合的存在暗示其形成于陆内拉张的构造环境。结合区域上中生代火山岩的空间分布规律,认为早白垩世早期火山岩的形成与蒙古-鄂霍次克缝合带的演化有关,早白垩世晚期双峰式火山岩的形成与古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下的俯冲作用相联系。 相似文献
16.
LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,研究区中生代火山岩可分为2期,分别是早白垩世早期（约144Ma）吉祥峰组流纹岩类和早白垩世晚期（约125Ma）上库力组流纹岩类与梅勒图组玄武岩类。早白垩世早期吉祥峰组流纹岩富硅、富碱、富钾（K2O/Na2O〉1）,富集轻稀土元素和Rb、Th、U等元素,亏损重稀土元素、高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti）及Sr、P,具有A型流纹岩的特征,暗示其形成于伸展环境。早白垩世晚期火山岩显示双峰式岩石组合特征,基性端元富碱、高钾,富含轻稀土元素和Rb、Ba,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti、Y）,类似于钾玄质玄武岩,酸性端元显示A型流纹岩的特征。双峰式火山岩组合的存在暗示其形成于陆内拉张的构造环境。结合区域上中生代火山岩的空间分布规律,认为早白垩世早期火山岩的形成与蒙古-鄂霍次克缝合带的演化有关,早白垩世晚期双峰式火山岩的形成与古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下的俯冲作用相联系。 相似文献
17.
大兴安岭中部柴河—蘑菇气地区早白垩世中性火山岩岩相学研究表明,其主要岩石组合为安山岩、英安岩、安山质晶屑凝灰熔岩、凝灰角砾熔岩等,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示其形成于140~130Ma之间。岩石主量元素具有富钾钠、富铝,贫镁的特点,属高钾钙碱性岩石。相对富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,无明显的Eu异常,微量元素主要富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、K、LREE)和Ba、Sr元素,亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nb、P、Ti)。地球化学特征指示,这些早白垩世中性火山岩来源于新元古代和古生代期间新增生的下地壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融,并可能受到早先俯冲事件带来的流体的影响,形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合陆壳加厚之后的岩石圈伸展环境。 相似文献
18.
Dinosaur eggshells from the Cretaceous red beds of southern China were selected for element geochemical study.The concentrations of the major elements indicate that the eggshells did not change much in their chemical composition after they were formed.Variations in the contents of trace elements and REEs imply that a palaeoclimatic anomaly might occur during Late Cretaceous. 相似文献
19.
The distribution and fractionation of rare earth elements were studied in surface waters from areas with different anthropogenic
impacts in the southern part of the Russian Far East and in natural anomalous waters from areas with intense volcanic-hydrothermal
activity. The levels of REE contents and their fractionation in the sequence from the light to heavy REE were estimated in
different waters, and their connections with major ions and other trace elements, primarily Al, Fe, and Mn, were determined.
The relations of the main forms of REE migration (dissolved and suspended) in surface waters were evaluated, and fundamental
differences were detected in the accumulation of REE in the natural acid waters of the Kuril Islands and under continental
conditions related to their deep input and redistribution in streams. 相似文献
20.
将激光剥蚀等离子质谱技术(LA-ICP-MS)及显微X射线断层扫描技术(Micro-CT)运用到鲤鱼耳石对水环境中重金属元素的响应关系研究中. LA-ICP-MS结果表明白洋淀水域鲤鱼耳石中的Cu和Pb含量大于密云水库相应元素的含量;Micro-CT数据统计表明白洋淀水域鲤鱼耳石的Micro-CT值高于密云水库鲤鱼耳石的Micro-CT值.原子序数大的重金属元素Cu和Pb的富集程度是导致两研究区水域Micro-CT值差异的主要原因.耳石中的元素与水体元素具有相似的分布趋势,且对水体中的相应元素有明显富集作用.因此,鲤鱼耳石Micro-CT特征与水环境中重金属元素存在一定的耦合关系,可作为标型特征指示水体中重金属元素信息. 相似文献