共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 137 毫秒
1.
应用遥感方法分析珠江口伶仃洋的海岸线变迁及其环境效应 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
对伶仃洋1979年以来利用多时相遥感影像提取的岸线进行分析,结合地形图,得到近几十年来海岸线变化的特征,认为南沙区和蛇口半岛是岸线变化最快的2个区,而淇澳岛区和交椅湾区的变化相对较小。南沙区岸线变迁以沉积作用和围海造地形成的岸线向海延伸为主,延伸速率从1966年至2000年明显增大,2000年后有减缓的趋势。蛇口半岛区主要以码头、池塘等人工建筑形成的岸线向海延伸为主。从岸线变迁、悬浮沉积物分布及其沉积作用来看,伶仃水道西侧以沉积为主,可能不适合于大规模的码头建设。珠江口岸线变迁最主要的环境效应是河道变窄、增长,造成排洪不畅,上游的洪涝灾害增多。 相似文献
2.
津冀海岸线现状、变化特征及保护建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据覆盖全区的3期遥感影像和实地调查,以及对滨海新区和滦河口2个典型区更深入的案例研究(包括回溯至1870年、1950年的基准岸线及逐年遥感信息),对津冀沿海海岸线现状进行解译和分类,并分析岸线变化特征及成因。津冀沿海现状岸线总长度894km,可以划分为自然岸线、半开发岸线和人工岸线3类,长度分别为90km、329km和475km。1950年以前为自然因素主导的岸线变化,1950年以后变为人类活动主导的岸线向海推进,逐渐加强的人类活动至2010年达到顶峰。在全球海面上升和区域地面下沉的大背景下,海岸线的自然演化趋势应该是向陆蚀退,但是人类活动主导的岸线变化却表现为违反自然趋势的向海推进。今后,向海推进最前沿的围海造陆区将受到来自海洋越来越强烈的影响,亟需加强监测和防护。兼顾环境保护与开发两方面的长远需求,建议赋予海岸线新的定义与内涵,划定岸线保护红线,恢复部分岸线的自然属性。 相似文献
3.
三沙湾海岸线时空演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海岸带是海陆之间的过渡区域,是人类活动和经济发展较为活跃的地区。海岸线时空演变研究对海岸带资源开发与保护有重要意义,但国内外对三沙湾海岸线时空演变研究较少。本文基于25 a的卫星遥感资料,解译出4个时相的三沙湾海岸线,定量分析海岸线变化趋势,并研究海岸线演变的主要因素。研究表明,25 a的三沙湾海岸线总体长度呈增长趋势：1988-1996年岸线总长度变化不大;2003年较1996年增加约6 947 m、增长约11.5%;2003-2013年岸线总长度增加较为明显,2013年较2003年增加约24 128 m、增长约39.6%,其增速约为1996-2003的3.4倍。砂质岸线长度基本稳定,基岩和泥质岸线长度有所减少,人工岸线在逐年增加,这主要是滩地围垦、港口建设和海岸人工改造等人为因素造成的。 相似文献
4.
运用RS、GIS技术,以1986,1994,2002,2010年4个不同时相遥感影像和1970年比例尺1∶10000地形图为数据源,采用平均高潮线法提取闽江口5个时段的海岸线,并对各时段海岸线变迁进行综合比对分析,认为变化较大的有罗源湾、漳港湾、福清湾和兴化湾4个岸段的海岸线,并分析其时空演化特征及变化原因。结果表明闽江口海岸线40年变迁演化因素主要受人类活动影响,围垦养殖或填海造地导致海岸线时空变迁,其中泥质岸线和人工岸线变化较大,砂质岸线和基岩岸线变化较小。 相似文献
5.
应用遥感技术,从海岸线长度和曲度两个方面分析辽东湾北部海岸线变化,研究区域海岸线变化规律和趋势.选用美国陆地卫星（Landsat）的MSS、TM、ETM+系列数据,法国SPOT/4-5系列数据和国产陆地卫星ZY-1 02C数据等多源遥感数据,通过人工目视解译和计算机信息自动提取结合的方法,监测了自1973~2012年辽东湾北部海岸线变化情况.研究表明,辽东湾北部海岸线长度和曲度均呈增加趋势,尤其是1997年以后,为快速增加时期,其中中段岸线增速最快,西段岸线次之,东段岸线居尾.人为因素是辽东湾北部海岸线变化主要驱动力. 相似文献
6.
根据1954～2001年的航卫片遥感信息,对长江皖江段的岸线特征及变化进行了调查和分析。航卫片解译,长江皖江段南、北岸线长度分别为405.4km（右岸）和438.8km（左岸）,岸线总长844.2km。根据遥感影像特征和野外调查,将皖江岸带（线）划分为侵蚀岸（冲刷岸）、淤积岸和稳定岸3种类型,其中冲刷岸长426.4km,占岸线总长度的50.5%,左岸大于右岸;淤积岸长198.4km,占岸线总长度的23.5%;稳定岸长219.4km,占岸线总长度的26.0%。根据1954年、1969年、1975年和1986年4个时期的航片资料的对比解译,对1954～1969年、1969～1975年和1975～1986年3个时间段的岸线摆动幅度和速率进行了计算,从中发现,河道岸线的摆动主要是左岸侵蚀后退,段内岸线年平均变形强度在50m以上的有7处,在100m以上有2处。岸带变化的基本特征是:主河道长期右移,近期以左移为主;江心洲的平面变化复杂,汊道河段岸线变化强烈;鹅头形分汊河段演变具周期性特点。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
Landsat-TM遥感影像岸线变迁解译研究--以九龙江河口地区为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
陶明刚 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(1):107-110
利用遥感与GIS技术相合的手段，在分析九龙江河口地区地物波谱的基础上，对研究区两期遥感影像（1986年6月与2000年5月的陆地卫星Landsat—TM资料）进行解译和岸线提取。通过与20世纪70年代的地形图进行对比分析，发现九龙江北、西溪过河口大沙洲后分成北、中、南3个支流入海，其中以浒茂洲两侧的支流岸线变化最大；海门岛至口门段河口两侧岸线也有不同程度的变化；厦门西港海区是本研究区岸线变化最大的区域。文章最后对岸线变迁和河口淤积进行了初步的分析。 相似文献
10.
认识崇明东滩岸线的演变规律,对于崇明东滩湿地的保护和利用具有重要意义。利用面向对象的方法,选取1987年至2006年中的6景Landsat-5 TM卫星影像数据,解译出对应年份的东滩岸线。为了对较复杂的非平直岸线的变化进行建模,提出了基于地形梯度的正交断面方法,构建了基于图形学的分析预测模型,对岸线的演变进行分析,预测了2010年和2015年的岸线位置。结果显示：（1）崇明东滩以东南角节点为界,分为南侧的侵蚀岸段和其余的淤涨岸段,总体淤涨速率有减慢趋势,最大侵蚀速率为22.0 m/a,最大淤涨速率为247.2 m/a;（2）北侧自东旺沙水闸向东约4 km长的岸段存在明显的冲淤交替现象;（3）岸线演变受抑制区段都位于东滩两侧岛影缓流区的边界;（4）由于岸外东南侧发育有10 m深槽,除非有特殊的水动力条件出现,东滩未来的岸线将偏向东北方向演变。 相似文献
11.
Salim M. Al-Hatrushi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(5):1479-1484
One of the most effective means of monitoring the cumulative effects of natural processes and human activities on the shoreline is to study the patterns of shoreline change over time. An attempt has been made to study the shoreline changes along Al Batinah, Sultanate of Oman, at the outlet of Wadi Al Hawasnah. The previous studies showed that Al Batinah coastline is generally stable except where coastal engineering structures like harbors, corniches, ports, and recharge dams are present. Remote sensing and GIS techniques are widely used in the coastal geomorphology because they provide the best sources to study the long-term shoreline changes. Rapid shoreline changes at the mouth of Wadi Al Hawasnah have been measured using proxy data derived mainly from satellite images from 2000 to 2005. The mouth of Wadi Al Hawasnah is now completely blocked after the construction of recharge dam at the upper stream of Wadi Al Hawasnah and Wadi Bani Umar in 1995. There has been no discharge to the sea after the construction of the dam. Furthermore, beach profiles of this area show erosion close to the south of the tidal inlet and accretion further south. The shorelines in the northwest of the tidal inlet remained stable. 相似文献
12.
13.
Anne Marie de Grosbois 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(6):1727-1736
The investigations were carried out in order to evaluate change of the beaches profile during the period 1993–2008 and to
elucidate main trends of the coastal dynamics. Morphometric indicators (beach width, height and inclination) were measured
every year during the period 1993–2008 in 70 measuring stations located along the coastline. It was determined that the dynamic
shoreline of the mainland during 1993–2008 receded by 10.2 m and the dynamic shoreline of the Curonian Spit advanced into
the sea by 8.3 m. The different morphometric beach indicators changed to varying extents over the period 1993–2008, but comparison
of values for 1993 and 2008 showed that those changes were small. The average beach width increased by 1.2 m on the mainland
coast and by 0.5 m on the Curonian Spit coast. The average beach height also increased negligibly: by 0.5 m on the mainland
coast and by 0.1 m on the Curonian Spit coast. The average beach slope inclination increased by 0.012 (from 0.065 to 0.077)
on the mainland coast and by 0.005 (from 0.073 to 0.078) on the Curonian Spit coast. The measurements show that, despite being
the most dynamic elements in the coastal system, these beaches managed to retain their morphometric indicators almost unchanged
during the period of observation. 相似文献
14.
Detrimental effects of engineering works on the coast and a wish to conserve parts of the coastline have increased realization among coastal managers of the need to examine shoreline problems and proposals for protection in a wider spatial context than the site itself and over a longer time scale than the past few years. This paper outlines the approach taken in one region of the United Kingdom, the central south coast of England, to provide that wider perspective. Authorities responsible for coastal protection and sea defenses formed a coastal group, which, among other activities, commissioned research aimed at providing a greater understanding on which to base shoreline management decisions. A major project undertaken was a sediment transport study in which all existing information relating to coastal sediment processes in the region was collated and analyzed. All inputs, flows, and outputs of sediment were documented. Links between processes were examined for each part of the region. Finally, nine littoral cells of sediment circulation were identified and were suggested as forming a framework for shoreline management. The methods of compilation and analysis are outlined here and are exemplified for one area in the region. The approach is recommended as a cost-effective basis for strategic management of the coast in developed regions. 相似文献
15.
Sea erosion is a serious threat to life and property in coastal towns. The coastline of Ada Foah has been facing sea erosion and occasional flooding for several decades. This research investigated the socio-economic and environmental impacts of these geomorphic processes using social survey methods of data collection and shoreline change analysis. The main research tools used include questionnaire survey, interviews and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) 4.2 software using extracted shorelines of 1926 ground survey sheet and 2008 Landsat ETM+ image to determine shoreline change between the periods. The research identified some environmental and socio-economic impacts of the sea erosion on the coastal community, and these include the destruction of coastal ecosystems and infrastructure such as offices of institutions, school blocks and roads. The ramifications of these problems include homelessness, unemployment and poverty, which compel victims to migrate. Results of shoreline change analysis indicate that, the Ada Foah shoreline has been receding since 1926 to date with a mean change in shoreline of 280.49?m and an average annual rate of 3.46?m/year. To protect the coastline from the battering sea, a sea defence project, comprising sand nourishment and the construction of groynes, is being undertaken. 相似文献
16.
Matthew S. Kornis Denise Breitburg Richard Balouskus Donna M. Bilkovic Lori A. Davias Steve Giordano Keira Heggie Anson H. Hines John M. Jacobs Thomas E. Jordan Ryan S. King Christopher J. Patrick Rochelle D. Seitz Heather Soulen Timothy E. Targett Donald E. Weller Dennis F. Whigham Jim UphoffJr 《Estuaries and Coasts》2017,40(5):1464-1486
Human alteration of land cover (e.g., urban and agricultural land use) and shoreline hardening (e.g., bulkheading and rip rap revetment) are intensifying due to increasing human populations and sea level rise. Fishes and crustaceans that are ecologically and economically valuable to coastal systems may be affected by these changes, but direct links between these stressors and faunal populations have been elusive at large spatial scales. We examined nearshore abundance patterns of 15 common taxa across gradients of urban and agricultural land cover as well as wetland and hardened shoreline in tributary subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Coastal Bays. We used a comprehensive landscape-scale study design that included 587 sites in 39 subestuaries. Our analyses indicate shoreline hardening has predominantly negative effects on estuarine fauna in water directly adjacent to the hardened shoreline and at the larger system-scale as cumulative hardened shoreline increased in the subestuary. In contrast, abundances of 12 of 15 species increased with the proportion of shoreline comprised of wetlands. Abundances of several species were also significantly related to watershed cropland cover, submerged aquatic vegetation, and total nitrogen, suggesting land-use-mediated effects on prey and refuge habitat. Specifically, abundances of four bottom-oriented species were negatively related to cropland cover, which is correlated with elevated nitrogen and reduced submerged and wetland vegetation in the receiving subestuary. These empirical relationships raise important considerations for conservation and management strategies in coastal environments. 相似文献
17.
【研究目的】近20年来,长江三角洲海岸带地区土地类型结构发生显著转化,海岸带开发与保护的矛盾凸显。本文旨在开展长江三角洲海岸带典型区土地利用变化与生态环境效应研究,为海岸带地区的土地资源可持续利用、海岸带环境保护提供科学依据。【研究方法】利用美国Landsat卫星系列遥感影像和中国资源卫星系列遥感影像,采用自动监督分类并结合目视解译,获取了研究区1995—2015年共5期土地利用分类数据,分析土地利用变化特征和趋势,探讨长江三角洲海岸带典型区城镇发展、围填海时空变化及生态环境效应。【研究结果】长江三角洲海岸带典型区（南通、上海、嘉兴、宁波和舟山）1995年至2015年,土地利用变化明显,耕地大幅度减少,比例从1995年的68.8%降为2015年的55.7%;城镇建设用地迅速扩张,年平均增加192.8 km2。【结论】在快速城市化过程中,人口、单位面积能源消耗等快速增加,环境问题凸显,大量的耕地转为建设用地,围填海使滨海湿地面积快速减小和消失,导致CO2和污染物释放与吸收严重失衡,海洋环境受流域和沿海城镇化建设的影响明显,长江口及邻近海域近20年来赤潮频发,研究区陆域和海洋环境压力增加。创新点：选取长江三角洲海岸带典型区,首次以1995—2015年5期序列遥感影像数据为基础,采用空间叠加分析方法,着重分析了建设用地和围填海区域的时空演化特征;以人类活动为主线,综合多种海洋环境指标,分析快速城市化进程中,建设用地和围填海导致的生态环境效应。 相似文献
18.
Densely populated coastal zones of India are highly exposed to natural environment. These are impacted by episodic natural events, continuous coastal process, gradually rising sea levels and coexisting human interventions. The present study is an attempt to assess the implication of the sea level rise and coastal slope in the coastal erosion for entire mainland of India. In this regard, two methods were employed to estimate the shoreline change rate (SCR): (1) satellite-derived SCR using the Landsat TM and ETM+ acquired during 1989–2001 and (2) SCR derived by Bruun Rule using the parameters coastal slope and sea level trend derived from satellite altimetry. Satellite-derived SCR has been compared with the shoreline change estimated based on Bruun Rule, revealing a better agreement with each other in terms of trend. Peaks of shoreline retreat calculated using Bruun model and satellite-observed SCR offset by 25–50 km. Offset in these peaks was observed due to net drift towards north in the east coast and south in the west coast of India, revealing the applicability of the Bruun Rule along the Indian coast. The present study demonstrates that coastal slope is an additional parameter responsible for the movement of shoreline along with sea level change. The results of satellite-derived SCR reveal the highest percentage of erosion along West Bengal coast with 70% followed by Kerala (65%), Gujarat (60%) and Odisha (50%). The coastlines of remaining states recorded less than 50% of coasts under erosion. Results of this study are proving critical inputs for the coastal management. 相似文献
19.
Estuarine and beach deposits in the vicinity of the present coastline at Pakarae River record the infilling of an estuary and subsequent development of a sequence of seven marine terraces during Holocene time.
At the maximum of the last glaciation about 18,000 years ago the shoreline at the ancestral Pakarae River was approximately 20 km east of the present shoreline. By about 9000 years BP the sea had transgressed across most of that coastal plain to lie within a few hundred metres of the base of the present coastal hills. Seventeen radiocarbon ages from estuarine deposits record the overall rise in post-glacial sea level, but in the period c. 9500-7000 yrs BP there are reversals to the overall rising trend. Between 9500 and 8500 yrs BP there appears to have been a eustatic fall in sea level of at least 4 m. This observation is supported by data from several other localities around New Zealand. Maximum transgression occurred about 6500–7000 yrs BP when the sea reached the base of hillslopes and an extensive estuary existed behind a barrier bar.
Since that time the barrier bar disappeared, probably due to stranding in an uplift event, and the coastline advanced progressively outward toward its present position. Coastal progradation (sea level regression) and subsequent erosion have occurred in association with episodic large earthquakes at about 6700, 5400, 3910, 2450, 1570, 1000 and 600 yrs BP. The present distribution of terraces has been influenced by coastal erosion, which has removed all trace of some terraces from some areas, and river erosion has modified the marine terraces near the river. 相似文献