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1.
分别以粉煤灰、煤矸石、红柱石千枚岩、油页岩渣等富硅铝矿石为原料,经过除杂、煅烧活化后,利用水热晶化法制备出纳米莫来石复相粉体。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能量色散X射线荧光光谱分析(EDX)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等手段研究了复相粉体的物相组成与显微结构,并用魔角旋转核磁(MAS~NMR)分析水热晶化反应机理。结果表明:经过一定温度煅烧活化后,当NaOH溶液浓度为2~3 mol/L、搅拌温度80~90℃、恒温3 h、液固比为10 mL/g时,上述四种原料均可制得以莫来石为主晶相的纳米复相粉体,其中以煤矸石、红柱石千枚岩、油页岩渣为原料制备的晶体均为结晶良好的柱状晶,平均长度分别为50、300和150 nm,平均长径比分别为4、3.5和3.75;以粉煤灰为原料制备的晶体主要呈现棒状、针状和纤维状,其棒状晶长度约30~80 nm、直径约4.5~30 nm。 相似文献
2.
改良酸碱联合法利用高铝粉煤灰制备氧化铝的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本实验以高铝粉煤灰为原料、Na2CO3为助剂,经中温烧结,酸溶除硅,碱溶除铁,加入铝酸钡除微量硅后,制得较纯净的铝酸钠溶液;向该溶液中加入Al(OH)3晶种,采用种分分解法制备得到Al(OH)3沉淀,于1200℃下煅烧2 h后,制得α-Al2O3。分析结果表明,制备的-αAl2O3粉体形态不规则,粒径在10μm以下,性能达到国标GB8178-87三级标准。本项技术符合国家发展循环经济的要求,是高铝粉煤灰资源化高效利用的有效途径之一。 相似文献
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碱选择性浸取高岭土制备中孔材料的性能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高岭土煅烧至一定温度,与酸或碱进行反应,可选择性浸出其中的A l2O3或S iO2,制备多孔材料。研究大同煤系高岭土煅烧至1 000℃,用N aOH溶液进行选择性浸取得到多孔材料的性能。X射线衍射、透射电镜及吸附性能研究结果表明:经过选择性浸取后,高岭土中S iO2大部分被浸出,铝硅摩尔比从0.85提高至4.62,以-γA l2O3为主要成分,比表面积达到106.4 m2/g,平均孔径为3.647 nm。这种新材料在石油催化裂化、自律型调湿建材及制备莫来石材料等方面具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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利用铝型材厂碱蚀渣为主要原料,采用二步煅烧工艺制备铝方柱石材料。探索二次煅烧温度对铝型材厂碱蚀渣制备铝方柱石材料相组成、结晶度、微观结构的影响,进而研究氧化铬对铝方柱石材料相组成、微观结构的影响。采用同步热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及相关分析软件表征制备的铝方柱石材料的相组成和显微结构。结果表明：铝型材厂碱蚀渣中有大量可烧失成分,物料需要进行致密化处理,再经过1500℃煅烧后的铝方柱石材料结构中具有明显的铝方柱石条柱状结构,结晶度增大,铝方柱石相对含量达到91%。随着氧化铬加入量增加,结构中的铝铬酸钙相增加。当氧化铬加入量为2%时,试样中结晶相的结晶度最高,形成条柱状铝方柱石相与立方状铝铬酸钙相共存的结构。当氧化铬加入量4%时,试样中铝方柱石相几乎消失,结晶度降低。 相似文献
6.
大洋锰结核氨浸渣是锰结核提取有色金属后的残留物,主要矿物成分为菱锰矿,少量的针铁矿、粘土矿物、石英和非晶二氧化硅.锰结核氨浸渣煅烧处理是锰结核氨浸渣制备脱琉吸附剂的关键步骤.本文用XRD、TGA-DTA、SEM、BET-SSA等表征方法研究了大洋锰结核氨浸渣热处理结构演化.结果表明,锰结核氨浸渣主要是菱面体形状的菱锰矿,煅烧产物仍然保持菱面体假象,但是由于菱锰矿分解氧化,在其表面形成大量的网状孔,导致比表面积增大;在30～1000℃的升温过程中,失重主要发生在450～560℃之间;450～500℃空气气氛煅烧后菱锰矿分解并氧化为MnO2;当煅烧温度继续升高时MnO2转化为Mn2O3和Mn3O4;脱H2S实验表明,锰结核氨浸渣480℃煅烧产物脱硫效率最高,1 g煅烧产物可去除的310mg S2-. 相似文献
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以固体废弃物粉煤灰基地质聚合物为基本骨架,通过水热合成法将其原位转化为自支撑Na P型沸石分子筛型体,并研究了水热过程中碱液浓度、碱液体积、水热温度和水热时间对NaP型沸石分子筛结晶程度、形貌和机械强度的影响,得到粉煤灰基地质聚合物原位转化Na P型沸石分子筛型体的适宜条件为水热温度100℃、NaOH浓度2.0mol/L、NaOH体积50 m L、水热时间24 h。所得Na P型沸石分子筛型体的抗压强度为23.21 MPa,BET比表面积为50.46 m~2/g,已达到工业生产P型沸石的水平。该法工艺简单,环境友好,可控成型。在此方法的基础上通过改变原料配比和反应条件,可以合成其他类型的沸石分子筛型体。 相似文献
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内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿床为一大型矽卡岩型矿床。成矿作用分为两期5个阶段,包裹体显微测温研究表明:Ⅰ-1阶段主要发育气液两相包裹体(VL型)、富气相包裹体(LV型)及含Na Cl子矿物三相包裹体(SL型)。VL型包裹体均一温度变化范围为375.4℃~479.8℃,盐度为10.73%~13.73%Na Cleqv;LV型包裹体均一温度变化范围为415.2℃~458.4℃,盐度为5.32%~7.67%Na Cleqv;SL型包裹体均一温度变化范围为434.6℃~497.5℃,盐度为42.15%~45.25%Na Cleqv。Ⅰ-1阶段流体属中-高温、高盐度的不混溶Na Cl--H2O体系热液。Ⅰ--2阶段发育VL型和LV型两类包裹体,VL型包裹体均一温度的变化范围为202.3℃~345.7℃,盐度为5.17%~11.22%Na Cleqv;LV型包裹体均一温度为265.7℃~381.9℃,盐度1.98%~5.01%Na Cleqv。Ⅰ--2阶段流体性质为中温、中等盐度的不均匀Na Cl--H2O体系热液。Ⅱ--2阶段(主成矿阶段)主要发育VL型包裹体,均一温度分布于165.9℃~258.7℃,盐度为0.83%~5.62%Na Cleqv,说明流体性质为中--低温、低盐度的均一Na Cl--H2O体系热液。在流体由中--高温、高盐度不均匀Na Cl--H2O体系向中--低温、低盐度的均一Na Cl--H2O体系热液演化的过程中,金属元素逐渐富集并最终形成矿床。包裹体中碳氢氧同位素的研究证明早期流体来源以岩浆水为主,并有少量大气降水的参与;而晚期流体来源主要为大气降水。 相似文献
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利用粉煤灰制备高纯氧化铝纳米粉体的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地球资源的充分利用已成为当今人们普遍关注的问题之一。采用苏打(Na2CO3)焙烧沥滤工艺从粉煤灰烧结料浸出液中制取了高纯超细氢氧化铝,进而通过控制煅烧制得氧化铝纳米粉体。对制备氧化铝的活化过程、浸出过程和煅烧过程的化学原理与工艺控制进行了研究与分析,确定了制备高纯氧化铝纳米粉体的较佳实验条件和工艺参数。应用XRD、TEM、BET和ICP等微观分析手段对所得Al2O3 的形态、结构和纯度进行了表征。结果表明:焙烧、水煮粉煤灰和Na2CO3,并精确调节溶出液的pH值,可使超细的氢氧化铝沉淀析出。在85 ℃充分干燥后,分别于800 ℃、1 100 ℃煅烧2 h,得到晶型结构分别为γAl2O3 和αAl2O3 的氧化铝纳米粉体,其形态为纤维状和球状,比表面积分别为238.9 m2/g和16.82 m2/g,平均粒径为20~40 nm,纯度大于99.9%。 相似文献
11.
Robert O. Fournier 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(3):579-586
The aqueous silica species that form when quartz dissolves in water or saline solutions are hydrated. Therefore, the amount of quartz that will dissolve at a given temperature is influenced by the prevailing activity of water. Using a standard state in which there are 1,000 g of water (55.51 moles) per 1,000 cm3 of solution allows activity of water in a NaCl solution at high temperature to be closely approximated by the effective density of water, pe, in that solution, i.e. the product of the density of the NaCl solution times the weight fraction of water in the solution, corrected for the amount of water strongly bound to aqueous silica and Na+ as water of hydration. Generally, the hydration of water correction is negligible.The solubility of quartz in pure water is well known over a large temperature-pressure range. An empirical formula expresses that solubility in terms of temperature and density of water and thus takes care of activity coefficient and pressure-effect terms. Solubilities of quartz in NaCl solutions can be calculated by using that equation and substituting pe, for the density of pure water. Calculated and experimentally determined quartz solubilities in NaCl solutions show excellent agreement when the experiments were carried out in non-reactive platinum, gold, or gold plus titanium containers. Reactive metal containers generally yield dissolved silica concentrations higher than calculated, probably because of the formation of metal chlorides plus NaOH and H2. In the absence of NaOH there appears to be no detectable silica complexing in NaCl solutions, and the variation in quartz solubility with NaCl concentration at constant temperature can be accounted for entirely by variations in the activity of water.The average hydration number per molecule of dissolved SiO2 in liquid water and NaCl solutions decreases from about 2.4 at 200°C to about 2.1 at 350°C. This suggests that H4SiO4 may be the dominant aqueous silica species at 350°C, but other polymeric forms become important at lower temperatures. 相似文献
12.
MA Hongwen YANG Jing SU Shuangqing LIU Meitang ZHENG Hong WANG Yingbin QI Hongbin ZHANG Pan YAO Wengui 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(6):2058-2071
Long-term research on key techniques of clean utilization of potassic rocks from over twenty localities has been performed to settle the shortage of soluble potassium resources in China. The results show that K-feldspar as the principal mineral enriched in potassium could be decomposed in the media of Ca(OH)2, NaOH, KOH-H2O solution via hydrothermal treatment, into tobermorite, hydroxyl- cancrinite, and kalsilite respectively. By further processing, these compounds are feasible for being as slow-release carrier of potassium nitrate, extracting alumina, and preparing farm-oriented fertilizers of potassium sulphate and nitrate. Correspondingly, the filtrate is KOH, (Na, K)2SiO3, and K2SiO3 solution, from which potassium carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate could be easily fabricated. As NaOH and KOH are recycled in the processing chains by causticizing sodium and/or potassium metasilicate solutions, the hydrothermal alkaline techniques as developed in this research have several advantages as lower consumption of disposable mineral resources and energy, maximized utilization of potassic mineral resources, as well as clean productions etc. Based on the approaches presented in this paper, the technical system of efficiently utilizing insoluble potassium resources has been established. The hydrothermal alkaline methods are feasible to be industrialized on a large scale, thus resulting in decreasing imports of potash fertilizers, improving the pattern of potassium fertilizer consumption, and enhancing the supplying guarantee of potassium resource in China. 相似文献
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四川盆地下古生界两套硅质页岩层系(寒武系底部页岩和奥陶系—志留系五峰组—龙马溪组页岩)是其重要的页岩气产层,五峰组—龙马溪组硅质含量与TOC及含气量呈正相关性,暗示硅质矿物对该地区页岩气的生成具有重要意义。但硅质来源复杂,且存在后期硅质流体的注入。因此,本文在总结前人的研究成果基础上,对四川盆地寒武系底部硅质岩系和五峰组—龙马溪组硅质岩系的硅质特征进行了详细的岩石学分析,揭示了3种硅质来源特征:(1)同沉积无机硅质流体;(2)生物硅;(3)后期无机硅质流体。其中寒武系底部以同沉积无机硅质流体和生物硅来源为主,同沉积硅质流体导致有机质快速石化埋藏,有机质内部结构及形态保存较好;五峰组—龙马溪组硅质来源以后期无机硅质流体和生物硅来源为主,有机质在保存过程中受硅质流体的影响很小,有机质腐泥化作用充分,内部结构和形态多数保存较差。该研究初步揭示了两套页岩层系的硅质发育岩石学特征,及其对有机质保存的影响,期望能为四川盆地两套页岩气储层差异性提供新的思路和基础地质数据。 相似文献
14.
H-B. Tan J-Z. Huang W-J. Zhang X-Q. Liu Y-F. Zhang N. Kong 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):793-801
Fundamental knowledge of the isotopic fractionation between the hydration water and the mother solution and whether the primary information recorded in hydration water can be preserved or not in deposits or mines have long been unclear. In order to calculate the accurate hydrogen and oxygen isotopic fractionation factors between gypsum hydration water and its mother solution with new methods, to understand the mechanism of fractionation and synthetically assess the record-keeping abilities of the isotopic composition of hydration water during the process of diagenesis after deposition, experiments on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of gypsum hydration water and its mother solution at different isothermal temperatures from 5 to 50°C were systematically conducted. In addition, samples from two typical gypsum deposits formed in different environmental conditions were also determined. Results show that during gypsum crystallisation, both hydrogen and oxygen isotopes show significant fractionation between the hydration water and the mother solution. The calculated hydrogen isotopic fractionation factors are <1, while the oxygen isotopic fractionation factors are >1 at temperatures from 5 to 50°C. The fractionation factors show no functional relationships with temperature. Isotopic compositions of gypsum hydration water in arid lake sediments can be used to trace the source of water and primary deposit environmental information. However, the isotopic composition of the gypsum hydration water can easily be altered by dissolution and secondary precipitation of gypsum during later diagenesis, particularly in areas with humid climate and abundant groundwater. A very careful assessment on record-keeping abilities of the primary isotopic composition of hydration water in gypsum during later diagenesis must be considered before application. 相似文献
15.
鄂东南下二叠统茅口组放射虫硅质岩的成因初探 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
近年来,关于华南下二叠统茅口组硅质岩成因的讨论,引起广泛的兴趣。这套硅质岩湖南称为当冲组,江西称为鸣山层,桂中称为孤峰组,在湖北被命名为珞珈组、胭脂街组或鸣山层等。这些硅质岩中,产有丰富的具有特色的阿尔图菊石、孤蜂菊石及付色尔特菊石等。在层位上多出现在龙潭组--一套含煤的碎屑岩系与栖霞组或茅口组下部之间。所以,盛金章教授(1962)曾根据生物组合和层位关系把它们置于同一层位而归属于茅口灰岩的同期异相沉积。 相似文献
16.
亚甲蓝分光光度法测定地下水中硫化物的水样保存方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
硫化物是评价地下水污染的重要特征指标之一。为了使硫化物的测定结果更加准确可靠,在硫化物水样采集过程中通常加入乙酸锌溶液和氢氧化钠溶液作为固定剂,以抑制硫离子被氧化生成硫化氢从水样中逸出。但已有的标准方法和文献中对加入乙酸锌溶液和氢氧化钠溶液的顺序和加入量不尽相同,回收率范围为65%～108%。本研究采用亚甲蓝分光光度法测定地下水中的硫化物,考察了采样时乙酸锌溶液和氢氧化钠溶液的加入顺序和加入量对硫化物回收率的影响。结果表明,在采样过程中应先加1.0 mL乙酸锌溶液,再加500 mL水样,最后加入2.0 mL氢氧化钠溶液,其低浓度和高浓度加标水样的回收率达到94.2%～98.0%,优于文献的回收率,硫的测定结果令人满意。对硫化物浓度高的水样,可增加乙酸锌溶液和氢氧化钠溶液的加入量,硫化物同样有着较高的回收率。 相似文献
17.
微细浸染型金矿深源成矿流体的硅同位素地球化学示踪 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对黔西南和桂西北微细浸染型金矿床围岩,矿石和热液硅化石英的硅同位素组成及硅质阴极发光特征的研究发现,原生硅化石英不发光,而围岩中的石英和次生硅化石英明显发光、与对对应,围岩中石英的硅同位素组成与矿石的热液硅化石英的硅同位素组成也可以明显分开。 相似文献
18.
东营凹陷古近系孔店组成岩特征及对储层的控制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过岩石薄片、扫描电镜、镜质体反射率、X衍射、物性分析等资料,对东营断陷盆地古近系孔店组成岩作用进行研究。结果表明:原始碎屑组分和化学沉积分异作用引起的早期胶结物性质决定了后期的成岩演化;典型成岩现象有强烈压实作用、硬石膏胶结、多期次碳酸盐胶结、多期次粘土矿物胶结、硅质强烈胶结、矿物强烈穿插交代、碎屑颗粒和胶结物的溶解作用,各种成岩现象对深部碎屑岩储层均产生重要影响。同时也证实:压实作用是引起深部碎屑岩强烈致密化的主要原因;硬石膏胶结、碳酸盐胶结和硅质胶结是引起致密化的又一重要原因;长石、碳酸盐胶结物的溶解作用是引起该地区储层改善的主要成岩因素。 相似文献
19.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Ca-bentonite can be converted into zeolites A through hydrothermal alkaline treatment by varying the synthetic parameters. This study focuses on the effect of initial Si/Al molar ratio, NaOH concentration on the type of formed zeolite A. The Ca-bentonite (China, Fuxin)were mixed with an aqueous NaOH solution, Al(OH)3 powder and hydrothermally treated at about 90 ℃,12 h. Different types of zeolites (zeolite X, P, and A),sodalite were synthesized after the treatment. Zeolites were characterized and quantified by means of XRD and SEM analysis. Zeolite A predominantly formed with 0.5≤Si/Al≤2.0 was produced and zeolite X, P formed with Si/Al>2.0 under the 2.2mol/LNaOH concentration; Sodalite was also formed under high NaOH molarities. Shape of zeolite A is show the cube by the SEM micrograph. 相似文献
20.
天然勃姆石矿在适当焙烧条件下可相变成γ-Al2O3,而γ-Al2O3,具有吸附水体中F-的性能。吸附F-后可用稀NaOH溶液解吸,酸中和再生。解吸后的含氟NaOH废液可用石灰粉回收,既减少了NaOH的消耗,又避免了对环境的污染。 相似文献