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1.
水泥土的特性对于工程应用是重要和必须深入研究的。借鉴粘土的抗拉强度间接测定方法,探索应用进行水泥土的抗位强度试验并对其不同试验方法及试验结果进行比较,分析,在此基础上提出径向（轴向）压裂法是测定水泥土抗拉强度的简便,有效方法,同时通过试验结果来论证上海地区水泥土抗拉强度与抗压强度的关系以及提出水泥土弹性模量参数的试验计算方法。 相似文献
2.
理论上土体的抗拉强度与抗压和抗剪强度一样是描述土体力学性质的重要指标之一,也是研究土体张拉破坏特性的基础。由于土体抗拉强度在数值上相对较小,且难以准确测量,在岩土工程领域常常被忽视。随着工程中的张拉破坏问题越来越突出,土体抗拉强度特性引起许多学者的关注,相关研究成果也越来越多。文中对土体抗拉强度试验研究方法进行了系统的归纳和总结,对比分析了各种方法的优缺点,认识到,（1）土体抗拉强度试验方法总体上可分为直接法和间接法两大类,直接法是在试样两端直接施加拉力直到试样发生张拉破坏,根据破坏时的最大拉力及对应的破裂面面积计算出土体的抗拉强度。间接法主要通过一些理论假设,把压应力转换成相应的拉应力并基于一些理论公式计算土体抗拉强度;（2）按试样受力条件,直接法可分为单轴拉伸和三轴拉伸,一般都需要开发专门的拉伸试验设备,以实现拉力荷载的施加及其在试样内的有效传递。常用的方式有粘结、锚固、模具夹持及摩擦力传递等,都各有优缺点,但模具夹持法相对而言更具操作性。间接法中比较有代表性的有巴西劈裂试验、土梁弯曲试验和轴向压裂试验等,一般较适应于刚度较大的土体如化学固化土。最后,笔者提出了今后该课题的研究重点,包括制定土体抗拉强度试验方法规范及标准,研发简单易操作的土体拉伸试验设备,拉伸试验过程中土吸力的测量及控制方法,土体拉伸过程中应变场的准确获取方法及土体张拉特性的数值模拟研究等。 相似文献
3.
A comprehensive grasp of the research status of tensile strength of frozen soil is the basis for further research. Firstly,the typical methods that can be used to test the tensile strength of frozen soil are introduced,and the test conditions,sample forms and stress mechanism of different test methods are described in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of typical tensile strength test methods are compared and listed. Secondly,the research work and shortcomings based on different test methods are summarized. Then,the latest research progress of the influence of temperature,water content,loading（deformation）rate,soil quality and sample size on the change law of frozen soil tensile strength is comprehensively analyzed. Finally,it is proposed to develop and improve the research method and system of frozen soil tensile strength,and increase the testing research of warm frozen soil tensile strength,so as to obtain the prospect of more accurately simulating the tensile failure behavior of frozen soil. It is pointed out that the internal cause of the formation of the tensile strength and the tensile failure mechanism of frozen soil should be thoroughly revealed by combining the research methods of microstructure and digital image technology of frozen soil. Based on the multi-factor test,a more perfect prediction method of frozen soil tensile strength is explored. Meanwhile,expand the in-situ test research on the tensile strength of frozen soil,and strengthen the parallel research ideas of indoor and outdoor double tracks. Through the analysis of the research status and development trend at home and abroad,it provides reference and guidance for the experimental study of frozen soil tensile strength,the improvement of theoretical model of frost heave,geotechnical engineering design in cold regions and artificial freezing reinforcement engineering. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
4.
劈裂法受试验条件的影响很难得出理想的结果,而水压破裂试验有试件受力载荷不受人为因素干扰的优点,测得的抗拉强度具有较高的可信度,并且在工程实际中有广泛的用途。本文在研究水压破裂法测试岩石抗拉强度的方法及原理的基础上,用统计断裂力学整理试验结果,并与巴西法作了比较。试验表明,用威布尔二参数模型的统计断裂力学方法研究岩石抗拉强度是可行的,并具有良好的线性关系。 相似文献
5.
针对北方寒旱区路基边坡时常因拉剪强度不足而发生浅层滑坡的现象,通过常规三轴试验探究了冻融和高吸力对非饱和土的强度特性影响。结果表明：随着冻融次数的增加,非饱和土的土-水特征曲线逐渐下移,抗拉强度与抗剪强度逐渐减小;随着基质吸力的增加,抗剪强度逐渐增大,抗拉强度逐渐降低。鉴于传统的抗拉抗剪联合公式不能很好地反映经冻融作用之后高吸力非饱和土抗拉区破坏包线的实际情况,通过引入“界值”概念,提出一种新的抗拉区绘制破坏包线的方法对传统公式进行修正,修正后的公式具有很好的适用性,可以为寒旱区非饱和土边坡稳定性计算提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
6.
运用RFPA2D软件对岩石的单轴拉伸强度试验、不同内径的圆环试样的劈裂试验进行了模拟。比较模拟结果 ,重点研究了圆环试样内径对试件抗拉强度的影响 ,确定了最接近单轴拉伸试验结果内径的范围 ,利用回归分析确定了内径与试样抗拉强度之间的关系。 相似文献
7.
加筋土挡墙具有优越的抗震性能,并在土建工程中被广泛应用,因此,加筋土挡墙抗震设计方法的研究尤为重要。为了能够分析加筋体内部筋材布置方式、筋材抗拉强度等对屈服加速度的影响,假定破坏模式为双楔块模式,根据极限分析理论推导了加筋土挡墙屈服加速度系数表达式。与规范计算值相比,计算结果更接近模型测试值与数值模拟结果,同时计算方法可以反映模型的真实破坏模式。参数分析表明：屈服加速度随着筋材抗拉强度的增大而增大,特别是筋材长度较长时;随着筋材竖向间距的增大,屈服加速度逐渐减小;面板的宽度对屈服加速度几乎不产生影响;与面板宽度相比,筋材抗拉强度与竖向间距对加筋土挡墙破裂面形状的影响更大。 相似文献
8.
Summary The Brazilian test is a widely accepted method for the determination of the tensile strength of intact rock. Specifications for the Brazilian tensile strength test have been established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), ASTM D 3967-86 and a suggested approach is provided by the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM). The ASTM and ISRM allow a relatively wide range of values for specimen geometry defined in terms of length to diameter ratio and loading rates defined as either time to failure or stress rate.A statistical study was carried out on a coal measure sandstone to determine whether the tensile strength determined by the Brazilian test is independent of the specimen geometry and the stress rate. 相似文献
9.
Tensile fracture is an ubiquitous feature of rock failure ranging in size from microfracture around Griffith cracks to the large-scale explosive failure accompanying rock bursts in underground cavities. Hence the resistance of rock to failure in tension, the tensile strength, is one of the fundamental parameters of rock strength. The tensile strength of rock is, however, a most elusive parameter which is difficult to measure and to define. The tensile strength, and its variation with direction, was determined by the pointloading and the line-loading (Brazilian test) methods for nine rocks from five sandstone formations in New Brunswick, Canada. Altogether 319 double point-load and 357 line-load tests were conducted on discs having a diameter of 22.9 mm and thickness of 7.9 mm. The tensile strength determined by the point-load test and as calculated by the Frocht formula was found to be consistently lower than that obtained by the line-loading technique. To some extent, the difference is due to the fact that most of the sandstones are anisotropic with respect to tensile strength and that the constraints in the point-load test are such that fracture occurs along the plane of minimum tensile strength; the computed tensile strength therefore represents a minimum value. To a greater extent, the lower tensile strength calculated from the point-load test is due to the difference in the states of stress induced by the two techniques. When correction is made for the anisotropy, the tensile strength from the Brazilian test is still 3.76 times larger than the one obtained from the point-load test. The Brazilian test seems to yield a more accurate definition of both the tensile strength and its variation with direction. The point-load test is more suitable for the determination of the minimum value of tensile strength and the direction of the preferred fracture plane. 相似文献
10.
目前对均质边坡稳定性受岩土体抗拉强度影响程度的看法不一,尤其是对不同坡度的边坡受抗拉强度的影响甚至有相反意见。基于有限差分程序FLAC 3D提供的考虑张拉-剪切复合破坏的Mohr-Coulomb准则,采用强度折减法对多个典型均质边坡进行一系列数值计算,研究土体抗拉强度对不同坡度边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明：边坡越陡,土体抗拉强度对安全系数的影响越大;抗拉强度取值对直立边坡的稳定安全系数及变形破坏特征影响显著,对45°及以下边坡的影响相对较小。总体来说,对于坡角超过60°的陡坡,土体抗拉强度不同引起的边坡安全系数变化幅度可达10%以上,应在边坡稳定分析中特别注意,避免因土体抗拉强度取值过大或过小而导致计算结果偏于危险或过于保守。 相似文献
11.
直接拉伸试验是测量岩石抗拉强度最直接有效且最有理论和实际价值的方法,但在传统直接拉伸试验中试样加工难度大,测试设备要求高。为克服传统直接拉伸试验加载困难的缺点,准确测定岩石的抗拉强度,设计研发了多直径岩芯双圆环直接拉伸试验机,从试验和数值模拟两方面重点研究了双圆环直接拉伸试验中试样尺寸的影响和最优取值范围,包括外环直径与试样直径比r1/R、内环直径与试样直径比r2/R、内环直径与外环直径比r2/r1三个比值的最优范围。研究结果发现,外环直径和内环直径满足r1/R=0.62±0.08、r2/R=0.45±0.12、r2/r1=0.64±0.06时内外环根部与内外环重叠部位最大应力值相近,获得的抗拉强度与理论值较一致,与其他试验相比,双圆环直接拉伸试验的结果标准差和振荡系数最小。 相似文献
12.
基于强度储备法和超载法的两种传递系数法已被广泛用于评价岩质滑坡的稳定性,目前对该方法的验证都是用极限平衡法和有限元等数值分析方法进行相互分析比较。以三峡库区巴东赵树岭滑坡原型为背景,采用岩石相似材料模型试验方法对这两种方法的可靠性进行了验证。研究结果表明：这两种方法计算的稳定系数都偏于保守。基于超载法的理论稳定系数较接近试验情况,并且其条块间允许有拉应力的假设符合模型破坏特征,而基于强度储备法的稳定性系数与试验情况相差较大;在实际工程中,采用基于超载法的传递系数法是可靠的。 相似文献
13.
A theoretical and experimental study of the unconfined penetration test (UP) method was conducted to determine the tensile
strength of contaminated and compacted sand-bentonite mixtures, which are used widely in the landfill construction sites as
a clay liner. To do this, the original UP device and experimental procedure were modified to reduce the measurement errors
and named as the improved unconfined penetration (IUP) test. Experiments were carried out to examine the variation in tensile
strength as a function of disk diameter, loading rate and pH level. The results of the experiments provided the following
important findings. The tensile strength increases with an increase in the disk diameter. The tensile strength is not sensitive
to the loading rate in the range of 0.1%/min–1.0%/min. A specimen compacted with a low pH value of water shows a high tensile
strength, because a lower pH solution increases soil particle bonding stresses. 相似文献
14.
针对粘性土抗拉强度测试问题,本文设计改装了土样拉伸试验仪,可完成单轴拉伸、巴西劈裂和轴向压裂三种抗拉强度试验。通过不同方法测定土体的抗拉强度,研究了试样高度对各方法强度测量值的影响及其规律。试验结果表明,试样高度对轴向压裂试验测试结果的影响最大,对巴西劈裂试验测试结果影响很小,几乎不影响单轴拉伸试验测试结果。轴向压裂试验中,抗拉强度测试值随试样高度h增大而减小,随衬垫直径增大而增大。巴西劈裂试验中,试样抗拉强度测试值随试样高度增大略有增大。 相似文献
15.
To study the tensile strength of rock under different loading rates, direct tensile test is the most accurate method. However, the eccentric tension in the process of rock direct tensile test has a significant influence on the test results. In this paper, firstly, a self-developed centering device for rock direct tensile test is introduced, which can effectively eliminate the eccentric tension in the process of rock direct tensile test. Then, with the aid of the self-developed centering device, the direct tensile tests of red sandstone under the loading rates of 0.001 mm/s, 0.01 mm/s and 0.1 mm/s are successfully carried out. After tests, both the macro failure characteristics and the scanning electron microscope micrograph show that the fracture pattern of the rock is caused by pure tensile loading. The stress-strain curves of the direct tensile test of the red sandstone show that the process of the direct tensile test can be roughly divided into four stages. With the increase of loading rate, both of the tensile strength and the peak tensile strain of the rock increase obviously. The direct tensile test of the red sandstone shows obvious loading rate effect. 相似文献
16.
Indirect test methods are usually the preferred approach for determining the tensile strength of brittle and quasi-brittle materials such as ceramics, rocks, and concrete. In this paper, the tensile strength of a rock material (Iranian Harsin marble) was obtained indirectly by means of two disc type samples. The test samples were the well-known Brazilian disc and semi-disc specimen under three-point bend loading. Since the existing formula for determining the indirect tensile strength is based on 2-D stress assumption which ignores the effects of specimen thickness, a general 3-D tensile strength formulation was derived for each sample by employing finite element analysis. A series of tensile strength tests were conducted on Harsin white marble using disc and semi-disc specimens with different thicknesses in parallel to finite element analysis. The test results using 3-D formulation showed that the tensile strength of the tested marble depends on the thickness/diameter ratio of the specimen and generally decreases from 11.5 to 7 MPa on increasing the thickness of test samples. The average values of tensile strength were about 8.8 MPa for the Brazilian disc specimen and 9.8 MPa for the semi-disc specimen. The good agreement existing between the results of the two specimens suggests that the semi-disc specimen can also be used for determining the rock tensile strength in addition to using the conventional Brazilian test. 相似文献
17.
为分析巴西圆盘劈裂法在层状岩体抗拉强度试验中的适用性,在以往层状岩体巴西圆盘劈裂试验成果分析基础上,选取层理砂岩为试验对象,设计并进行了考虑不同层理角度的砂岩巴西圆盘劈裂试验。分析结果表明,（1）层状岩体抗拉强度的各向异性特点非常明显,层理角度对各种层状岩体的劈裂抗拉强度的影响规律是基本类似的,只是影响程度不一样;（2）不同层理角度圆盘试样的破裂面形状差别较大,其破坏模式可以归纳为直线型、折线型和弧形型;（3）当层理角度0°＜β＜90°时,破裂面的发展规律不能严格满足巴西圆盘劈裂试验力学理论模型的假定,采用式（1）计算得到的劈裂抗拉强度只能是一个近似的值;（4）当圆盘试样加载线两侧的岩石材料、层理结构对称分布时,加载时圆盘内的应力分布可以较好地满足其理论计算模型,其试验结果比较准确。研究成果可为层状岩体抗拉强度的准确测定提供较好的参考。 相似文献
18.
为了完善平台巴西劈裂试验测定岩石抗拉强度的理论基础,基于二维弹性理论,建立对弦载荷下的平台巴西劈裂力学模型,采用应力场叠加法求得圆盘内的应力近似解析解。该应力理论解与有限元数值解一致,证明理论求解的合理性。在此基础上,对比研究了平台加载角对圆盘内应力大小及应力集中程度的影响,其结果表明：平台加载角越大,圆盘加载处的应力集中程度和压拉应力比都急剧降低,而圆盘内的拉应力值和拉伸区却只有一定程度减小;过大或过小的平台加载角都不利于平台巴西试样发生中心拉伸劈裂破坏,其最优平台加载角在20°~30°之间。最后,依据Griffith强度破坏准则,推得岩石抗拉强度的理论计算公式,其结果与已有抗拉强度经验公式及试验所得抗拉强度相符较好。 相似文献
19.
研究掺砾心墙料的拉裂特性对深入研究高土石坝水力劈裂、坝顶裂缝以及坝肩横缝等问题至关重要,但目前已有的研究尚不够深入。基于自主研制的单向拉伸试验装置,对不同掺砾量下的心墙料进行了系列的单向拉伸试验,依据试验结果分析了掺砾心墙料拉裂破坏的机制。在此基础上得到以下结论：在试样各自最大干密度及最优含水率下,随着掺砾量的增加,心墙料的抗拉强度和拉应变呈线性递减关系;所有试样的拉应力?应变曲线呈分段指数关系,极限拉应力前后试验曲线可分别采用正负指数关系来描述;进行了系列三轴排水剪试验,分析各试样抗拉强度与强度指标的关系发现,对于所研究的掺砾心墙料,抗拉强度与其黏聚力呈较好的线性关系,在不具备试验条件的情况下,此关系可用来大致估算心墙料的抗拉强度。相关试验结果可为实际土心墙坝抗裂设计提供参照。 相似文献
20.
研究区大量分布中风化柱状叠层石灰岩, 岩石强度具有很强的变异性和区域性, 而岩石强度是影响边坡稳定的重要因素。要进行边坡稳定性评价, 就需要对研究区现场试验数据作为随机变量进行概率统计分析, 获取可靠的岩石强度指标。本文通过对研究区内中风化柱状叠层石灰岩( t23 ) 现场点荷载实验数据进行统计分析, 利用x2 检验进行拟和, 得到岩石强度的概率密度函数和概率分布形式, 抗压强度和抗拉强度均服从对数正态分布。在此基础上, 结合相近岩性岩石强度的拟和结果, 建立区内中风化柱状叠层石灰岩点荷载试验强度概率分布函数。运用Bayes估计推断区域内中风化柱状叠层石灰岩岩石点荷载强度, 得到岩石抗压强度预测值为72. 42 MPa, 抗拉强度预测值为2. 29 MPa, 相对误差较小, 样本信任度达到70%以上。该方法对于岩石强度估计是有效的, 由该方法所得到的估计值对研究区边坡稳定性评价以及后期边坡治理都具有重要的实践意义。 相似文献
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