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1.
安图红松树轮稳定δ^13C、δ^18O序列记录的气候变化信息 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
测定了安图红松树轮稳定碳、氧同位素组成。选取与安图县毗邻的敦化市气象记录，分析了气象记录与树轮稳定碳、氧同位素的相关关系，发现红松树轮碳、氧同位素对气候变化均有显著的响应。合成了复合温湿指标（TH），相关分析表明树轮碳、氧同位素对复合温湿指标的响应更加灵敏，而且碳同位素和氧同位素均对5－8月的平均复合温湿指标有显著的响应。建立了碳、氧同位素对气候因子的响应函数，重建了安图地区近2000年来的气候变化。功率谱分析发现碳、氧同位素组成在95％的置信水平上存有准200年、准11年、准4年和准2年的变化周期。前两个周期变化基本上与太阳活动周期变化一致，后两个周期分别对应于“厄尔尼诺现象”和东亚夏季风的“准2年振荡”。 相似文献
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陆生蜗牛壳体碳氧同位素组成记录了环境气候信息,是地质历史时期古环境和古气候重建的一个良好指标。文章在前人对现生蜗牛壳体碳氧同位素的环境意义研究基础上,通过增加对不同气候条件下的新疆地区（受西风带控制）、川西地区（受印度季风控制）以及东北地区（东亚季风北端）的现生蜗牛碳氧同位素组成进行测试分析,结合中国其他地区已有数据,总结探讨所有研究区已有蜗牛壳体碳氧同位素组成的分布规律及影响因子,回归分析蜗牛壳体碳氧同位素组成与降水量、温度、湿度、蒸发量及干燥度等5个气候因子之间的关系。得出以下研究结果：全国范围内的蜗牛壳体碳同位素组成与年均降水量、年均相对湿度具有明显负相关关系,与年均蒸发量及干燥度具明显正相关关系,年均温度大于9.5℃采样点的蜗牛壳体碳同位素与温度呈负相关关系;蜗牛壳体氧同位素组成与各种气候因子之间的关系比较复杂而显示无明显的相关性,可能由于不同区域蜗牛壳体氧同位素对不同气候因子的响应程度不同,也可能是由于蜗牛壳体氧同位素与温度的关系在不同区域存在差异导致。总之,蜗牛壳体碳同位素较为忠实地记录了有效降水引起C3植被同位素变化的信息,而对蜗牛壳体氧同位素记录的信息的解读还不明晰,仍需更多研究。 相似文献
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树轮稳定碳同位素组成序列与降水变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以长白山红松年轮为气候环境变化的生物记录体，通过分析树轮纤维素的稳定碳同位素组成，从树轮稳定碳同位素组成序列中提取生长环境的降水变化信息。研究结果揭示：树轮稳定碳同位素组成序列与东北地区平均年降水量具有基本平行的变化趋势；在长白山乃至东北地区，降水量沿着自身变化趋势是明显的准22年周期性波动。 相似文献
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为了深入了解黄土地层中丰富的陆生蜗牛壳体碳酸盐化石氧同位素组成的气候环境指示意义,文章对黄土高原典型气候带的现生蜗牛壳体文石氧同位素进行了测量。结果显示:高原半干旱地区蜗牛壳体氧同位素组成相对于半湿润地区显著富集δ18 O;壳体δ18 O值与夏季降水量具有密切负相关关系。对照黄土高原气候特征以及夏季风降水氧同位素组成和降水量的关系,认为:1)夏季风降水δ18 O丰度是影响蜗牛壳体氧同位素组成变化的主要因素;2) 进一步研究黄土沉积物中蜗牛壳体化石氧同位素组成对重建黄土高原夏季风强度变化的历史具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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亚洲树轮稳定氧同位素研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
树轮稳定氧同位素作为一种高精度的古气候代用指标,在亚洲地区的发展起步晚进步快。树轮稳定氧同位素比率（δ18O）对区域气候信息有较强的记录能力,且与水汽循环关系密切,对于理解复杂的亚洲气候起着重要作用。亚洲地区树轮δ18O对温度的响应主要出现在高纬度地区,中低纬度树轮δ18O主要记录与水分（降水、相对湿度、PDSI等）有关的信号。对亚洲地区已发表的树轮δ18O与气候要素（温度、降水、相对湿度）的相关分析显著性统计显示,生长季气候对树轮δ18O至关重要,树轮δ18O 与温度的显著相关关系呈正相关,与降水和相对湿度的呈负相关,温度和降水通过降水δ18O影响树轮δ18O,但各自的信号强度存在区域差异,而相对湿度信号则广泛记录在不同区域不同树种之中。亚洲树轮稳定氧同位素研究集中于中低纬度地区,因而对大气水文循环的响应主要侧重于对亚洲夏季风和ENSO的研究,对季风降水的记录反映了季风活动的变化特征以及与之有关的环流信息;季节分辨率的树轮稳定氧同位素研究限于低纬热带亚热带区域,但对于理解区域气候和季风活动的年内变化、挖掘年轮不清晰树种的树轮学研究潜力具有重要的意义。 相似文献
6.
云南寻甸地区最近八千年气候环境变迁 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对云南寻甸白石岩仙人洞1号石笋进行高精度TIM S-U系测年和氧碳稳定同位素分析,重建了寻甸地区中全新世8. 0ka 以来高分辨率古气候演化序列。石笋剖面的碳氧同位素记录揭示,云南寻甸地区自8. 0kaB. P.以来的气候演化可以分为三个气候期: (1) 8000～6000aB. P.为温暖湿润期,夏季风强盛,气温较高,降水丰沛,石笋的氧碳同位素偏负; ( 2) 6000～5200 a B. P.为季风气候衰退期,在这期间气温和降水都发生了较大变化,气候由温湿变为冷干,石笋氧碳同位素持续偏正; ( 3) 5200～2100aB. P.凉干气候期,这一时期气候基本稳定,东亚季风对气候影响较大,但气温和降水都低于第一个气候稳定期。 相似文献
7.
内陆封闭湖泊自生碳酸盐氧同位素剖面的古气候意义 总被引：30，自引：4，他引：30
根据水体蒸发过程的同位素分馏方程，详细讨论了内陆封闭湖泊自主碳酸盐氧同位素剖面的古气候意义。计算结果表明，封闭湖泊水在蒸发过程中达到同位素组成稳定状态的时间小于二倍湖水平均滞留时间。因此，湖水同位素组成一般很快就达到与当时的气候环境相平衡的稳定状态，对气候环境的变化极其灵敏。湖泊自生碳酸盐的氧同位素组成则是湖泊汇水区气温、湿度和雨水同位素组成三者的函数。我国大部分地区夏季风盛行时期气候转暖，降水量 相似文献
8.
为了揭示蜗牛化石壳体碳酸盐（文石）稳定同位素组成的古气候和古生态环境指示意义,对采集于河南荥阳邙山末次冰期黄土剖面上部中的粉华蜗牛（Cathaica pulveratrix）化石壳体碳酸盐进行了碳、氧稳定同位素分析,同时还对全岩有机物质（SOM）碳同位素组成以及全岩磁化率和粒度等气候替代指标进行分析,结果显示：剖面中反映蜗牛食物碳同位素组成的壳体δ13CSSA的变化,与反映古植被碳同位素组成的全岩有机物质碳同位素组成（δ13CSOM）无显著的相关关系,但是壳体13C相对于SOM的富集程度（Δδ13CSSA-SOM）的变化与石笋氧同位素记录的末次冰期东亚夏季风强度演化同步一致; 壳体δ18OSSA的变化不但与黄土磁化率、粒度等气候替代指标变化具有显著相关性,同样也与末次冰期东亚夏季风强度演化同步一致。这些特征,一方面说明受季风环流控制的气候温湿程度变化左右蜗牛夏季活动的几率和食物的类型,干冷气候条件下,相对温湿夏季成为蜗牛活动主要时期,相对富集13C苔藓、菌类和植物可能是蜗牛的主要食物; 另一方面暗示蜗牛化石壳体碳酸盐稳定同位素组成能够指示气候温湿程度和生态环境的变化。 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2002,182(2-4):121-137
The oxygen isotope composition of tree rings is controlled by many factors, including temperature, amount of precipitation, and changes in relative humidity. In this study we present a modified leaf-water model (from Dongmann et al. [Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 11 (1974) 41]) that can be used to calculate the isotopic composition of the source-water (and thus of precipitation) that a tree used during the growing season. The calibration of the model was accomplished by comparing a previously measured oxygen isotope tree ring chronology from Central Switzerland with the Swiss Network for Isotopes in the Hydrologic Cycle station at Bern from 1971 to 1995 and integrating temperature, relative humidity data, and ring-width. In particular, our efforts focused on understanding the significance of the dampening factor f, which we relate to changes in humidity, and its variability over both the calibration period (1971 to 1995) and the study period (1913 to 1995). Our results indicate that f (ranging between 0.27 to 0.49) is variable, based on correlation with relative humidity, average daily temperature and ring width index. Using this model, we have constructed a record of the oxygen isotope composition of precipitation during the growing season (May through September) for the last century in central western Europe. This approach can be potentially used in other locations where isotopic and meteorological data are available to extend records of the isotopic composition of precipitation back in time beyond observational records. 相似文献
12.
G. H. F. Young R. J. Bale N. J. Loader D. Mccarroll N. Nayling N. Vousden 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(6):606-614
In regions with seasonal temperate climatic regimes, tree growth is rarely controlled by any single environmental factor. As a consequence, the development of robust palaeoclimate reconstructions has proved challenging. Tree‐ring stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C), however, are controlled primarily by photosynthetic rate, not by net growth. Therefore, at sites where climatic controls on tree‐ring growth are not strongly expressed, a robust (isotopic) palaeoclimate signal may still potentially be preserved. This hypothesis was tested using a 160‐year record of δ13C measured from the pooled latewood cellulose of six Quercus petraea L. (sessile oak) trees from Allt Lan‐las in West Wales, UK. Raw δ13C values were corrected for changes in the isotopic ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide and for changes in the behaviour of trees due to the increasing availability of atmospheric CO2 since AD 1850. Strong correlations with local summer temperature and sunshine are reported, and also with the Central England Temperature record over the full length of the isotopic chronology (AD 1850–2010) (r = 0.69, P < 0.001). We conclude that tree‐ring stable isotopes can be used to extract strong palaeoclimate signals even from oak trees growing in a temperate maritime climate. This demonstrates the potential for extracting robust palaeoclimatic information from the very long and well‐replicated oak chronologies which have been developed in western and central Europe primarily for dating rather than palaeoclimatic research purposes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
Neil J. Loader Danny Mccarroll Daniel Miles Giles H. F. Young Darren Davies Christopher Bronk Ramsey 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(6):475-490
Ring‐width dendrochronology, based on matching patterns of ring width variability, works best when trees are growing under significant environmental (climatic) stress. In the UK, and elsewhere in the temperate mid‐latitudes, trees generally experience low stress, so dating is more difficult and often fails. Oxygen isotopes in tree rings passively record changes in the isotopic ratios of summer precipitation, so they carry a strong common signal, which offers potential for cross‐dating. A master chronology covering the period 1200–2000 ce was constructed using the oxygen isotope ratios of the latewood cellulose of oak samples from central England. Two independent chronologies, developed to verify the isotopic signal, were combined (n = 10 trees) and the method was evaluated by dating timbers of known age and historical timbers that could not be dated by ring‐width dendrochronology, from both within and beyond the central England region. The agreement between samples and the master chronology is exceptionally strong, allowing the dating of timbers with far fewer rings than is normally the case for ring‐width dendrochronology. Tree‐ring oxygen isotope values are more suited to correlation analysis than tree‐ring widths, so it is possible to provide t‐values that conform to Student's t‐distribution and can be converted into probabilities of error. A protocol for assigning dates using ‘stable‐isotope dendrochronology’ is proposed, which has the potential to revolutionize the dating of wooden structures and artefacts, allowing the dating of short and invariant ring sequences from young, fast‐grown trees. Such samples are commonplace throughout the historical building and archaeological records and were, until now, considered impossible to date. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 相似文献
14.
Steffen Holzkämper Päivi Kaislahti Tillman Peter Kuhry Jan Esper 《Quaternary Research》2012,78(2):295-302
Stable isotope ratios from tree rings and peatland mosses have become important proxies of past climate variations. We here compare recent stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in cellulose of tree rings from white spruce (Picea glauca), growing near the arctic tree line; and cellulose of Sphagnum fuscum stems, growing in a hummock of a subarctic peatland, in west-central Canada. Results show that carbon isotopes in S. fuscum correlate significantly with July temperatures over the past ~20 yr. The oxygen isotopes correlate with both summer temperature and precipitation. Analyses of the tree-ring isotopes revealed summer temperatures to be the main controlling factor for carbon isotope variations, whereas tree-ring oxygen isotope ratios are controlled by a combination of spring temperatures and precipitation totals. We also explore the potential of combining high-frequency (annual) climate signals derived from long tree-ring series with low-frequency (decadal to centennial) climate signals derived from the moss remains in peat deposits. This cross-archive comparison revealed no association between the oxygen isotopes, which likely results from the varying sensitivity of the archives to different seasons. For the carbon isotopes, common variance could be achieved through adjustments of the Sphagnum age model within dating error. 相似文献
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Stable isotopic compositions of Recent freshwater cyanobacterial carbonates from the British Isles: local and regional environmental controls 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Recent (<50 years old) freshwater cyanobacterial carbonates from diverse environments (streams, lakes, waterfalls) throughout Britain and Ireland were analysed for their stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions. The mean δ18O value of ?5–9‰ PDB for river and stream data represents calcite precipitation in equilibrium with the mean oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation in central Britain (?7–5‰SMOW) assuming a mean water temperature of 9°C. The mean δ18O of lake data, ?4–5‰ PDB, is statistically different, reflecting the effects of residence time and/or variations in the oxygen isotopic composition of rainfall. Carbon isotopes have wide variations in both fluviatile and lake data sets (+ 3 to ?12‰ PDB). These variations are principally controlled in the fluviatile samples by contribution of isotopically light ‘soil zone’ carbon relative to isotopically heavier carbon from limestone aquifer rock dissolution. Lake samples have the heaviest carbon isotope values, reflecting a trend toward isotopic equilibrium between atmospheric CO2 and aqueous HCO?3. We infer that isotopic compositions of ancient cyanobacterial carbonates should also record environmental information, although the effects of stabilization and diagenesis on primary δ18O values will need careful consideration. Primary carbon isotope compositions should be well preserved, although in marine samples values will be buffered by the isotopic composition of aqueous marine bicarbonate. 相似文献
17.
NEIL J. LOADER MATS RUNDGREN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2006,35(2):188-201
To provide a basis for the interpretation of past climatic conditions from Quaternary leaf records, leaf carbon isotope (δ13C) results are presented for 12 northern European dwarf-shrub, shrub and tree species growing across a network of 18 sites in northern Scandinavia. The role of micro-habitat (hummock/hollow) on carbon isotope trends is explored in addition to a comparison of the carbon isotope composition of both cellulose and wholeleaf material. The data are also examined against local meteorological variables (temperature, precipitation and vapour pressure deficit) at both species and genus levels. Results exhibit only modest coherence between selected plant species and low-order correlations with external climate forcings consistent with accepted models for carbon isotope fractionation. Potential for the analysis and interpretation of stable isotopic time series may still be identified; however, factors such as inter-plant variability, senescence, diagenesis and homogeneity need to be thoroughly addressed before such an approach may be used for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. These findings highlight the complexities and limitations of spatial calibration methods. 相似文献
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湿度效应及其对降水中δ18O季节分布的影响 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
提出了湿度效应的概念,即降水中稳定同位素比率与大气的温度露点差ΔTd存在显著的正相关关系.对两个气候特征完全不同的取样站乌鲁木齐和昆明降水中δ18O与温度露点差之间的关系进行了分析,尽管两站的δ18O与ΔTd的季节变化存在差异,但它们的湿度效应是显著的.利用稳定同位素动力分馏模型并根据500hPa月平均温度的季节分布对昆明站云中凝结物中δ18O进行了模拟,模拟的月平均δ18O与月平均温度的变化具有非常好的一致性,说明昆明站云中凝结物中的氧稳定同位素具有温度效应.这个结果与地面降水中氧稳定同位素的降水量效应截然不同.昆明站降水中δ18O一定程度上指示大气的干湿状况,同时也间接地指示降水量的多寡或季风的强弱.湿度效应的存在,影响降落雨滴中稳定同位素蒸发富集的强度以及雨滴与大气之间稳定同位素物质迁移的方向.它不仅改变降水中稳定同位素比率的大小,也改变其季节分布的特点. 相似文献
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The influence of air mass source on the seasonal isotopic composition of precipitation, eastern USA 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
As part of the AIRMoN program, daily precipitation samples have been collected since the early 1990s throughout the eastern and central United States. Using precipitation stable isotope (δ18O and δD) and HYSPLIT back trajectory analysis of 591 samples collected by the AIRMoN program from Florida, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia, amount weighted seasonal average isotopic compositions were calculated for precipitation from Continental, Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, Arctic, North Atlantic, and Mid Atlantic sources. Our results suggest that these sources are isotopically distinct and variable at and among most sites during most seasons. However, in many instances, the isotopic differences of the sources require dramatic changes in precipitation amounts from these sources to modify the seasonal average isotopic composition at a particular site. The relative importance of each source type to the seasonal average isotopic composition is highly variable among and within sites. The largest differences in the isotopic compositions of different sources are in winter and spring precipitation from the high latitude sites. At the Vermont location, the seasonal average isotopic composition is potentially quite sensitive to the relative amounts of precipitation from Arctic and Gulf of Mexico sources. 相似文献
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《Quaternary Science Reviews》1999,18(4-5):501-513
Terrestrial stable isotope records (13C/12C, 18O/16O, and D/H ratios) of late Quaternary paleoclimates in the eastern Mediterranean region are reviewed. Significant paleoclimatic reconstructions come from a variety of isotopic studies. Paleogroundwaters, although they cannot be accurately dated, show oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions highly depleted in heavier isotopes compared to modern meteoric waters in arid regions of southern Israel, Sinai and northeastern Africa and attest to a major difference in climatic regime some time in the Pleistocene. Th-U dating of land snails showing a similar 18O depletion indicates ages of 100,000 yr and ≥300,000 yr for this climatic regime in the Negev Desert of southern Israel. Carbon isotope records of organic matter have not been studied extensively in the region, except for the record of Holocene land snails in the Negev. These document a southward shift in pure C3 plant communities in the middle and early Holocene relative to their present distribution and indicate wetter conditions at those times. An oxygen isotope curve for the Holocene, reflecting changes in the isotopic composition of precipitation, has been established from analysis of carbonate materials—land snail shells and speleothems. The curve indicates a depletion of ca. 2‰ in 18O centered around 7000 cal yr bp, with modern levels being reached by 5000 cal yr bp. Carbon isotope analysis of soil carbonates in paleosols developed in loess in the Negev show the existence of dramatic north–south climatic gradients at the times of formation of the soils (ca. 13,000, 28,000, and ≥37,000 14C yr bp), as occur also today due to the waning influence of Mediterranean to the south. Some isotopic methods, widely used in other regions, have received little or no attention in the eastern Mediterranean region. These include oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in wood, phosphate oxygen and organic carbon in bones and teeth, and carbon in soil organic matter. 相似文献