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1.
辽西中生代含鸟层及上下层位的划分和时代 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
辽宁西部中生代地层发育,在国内外同期地层研究中占有重要地位。辽西中生代鸟化石的发展,具有重要的科学价值。含鸟层位包括上侏罗统义县组含鸟层和下白垩统九佛堂组含鸟层。现共鉴定出鸟类化石１１个属１４个种,其中义县组鸟化石４个属６个种,地位最为重要。鉴于此,将义县组下部的沉积层划分出来,并建立了四合屯组,该组对寻找鸟类的祖先具有重要的意义。原土城子组一段具有组级岩石地层单位意义称为蒙古营子组。 相似文献
2.
云南楚雄盆地东南部侏罗纪地层中富含以基干蜥脚型类为代表的恐龙化石。基干蜥脚型类在全球范围内尚未在中侏罗世地层中被发现,而1∶20万地质图中该区域含上述化石的层位被划入中侏罗统。笔者在安龙堡一带恐龙化石调查中,发现之前对该区域下侏罗统冯家河组划分有误。我们对冯家河组进行了重新厘定,并确定了该区域恐龙化石所在层位。厘定后该区域冯家河组为上三叠统舍资组和中侏罗统张河组之间的一套紫红色粉砂质泥岩,以及泥岩与紫红色-灰黄色粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩韵律互层,中部和顶部富含恐龙化石,时代为早侏罗世。通过岩石地层学与生物地层学研究,该区域下侏罗统冯家河组与上下地层间未发现明显的沉积间断,笔者推测其为连续沉积。连续沉积的下侏罗统在滇中十分罕见,尤其是该区域下侏罗统中部和顶部富含大量恐龙化石,为研究恐龙早期演化提供了重要的地质时代依据。 相似文献
3.
最近辽西建昌地区报道发现了一系列带羽毛恐龙和翼龙化石, 其赋存化石的地层层位时代一直富有争议。我们结合前人资料对玲珑塔含化石地层剖面进行了野外调查和实测, 厘定了含化石地层沉积层序和时代归属。剖面顶底岩石组合特征主要以溢流相中性熔岩和近火山口相火山碎屑岩为主, 中间层位为河流相-湖泊相碎屑岩。该剖面产有大量叶肢介、介形类、双壳类、昆虫、鱼类、植物化石和大量脊椎动物化石。上述化石指示含恐龙化石地层时代为中侏罗世。通过区域对比认为含恐龙化石地层与区域上髫髻山组地层层序和岩石组合相似, 因此认为含恐龙化石地层为中侏罗世髫髻山组(火山岩同位素年代学年龄范围为152~165 Ma)。 相似文献
4.
重庆綦江地质公园地质遗迹特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
綦江地质公园发育木化石、恐龙足迹、恐龙骨骼化石、鱼化石、沉积构造、丹霞地貌等地质遗迹景观,木化石和恐龙足迹为园区的导向型景观。木化石分布在侏罗系中统沙溪庙组(J2s)上部砂岩层中,砂岩层含钙质结核,在约300×200m2的砂岩层内共埋藏有60多根木化石,其中一半木化石为钙化作用形成。恐龙足迹集中分布在白垩系上统夹关组(K2j)砂泥岩层中,岩层发育交错层理、波痕和泥裂。在夹关组的3个层位中共发现329个恐龙足迹,其分别属于甲龙类、鸟脚类和兽脚类。园区地质遗迹分布在一套河湖相沉积层中,其形成于内陆河湖网形成之时(如木化石),并随着四川盆地周围的湖泊系统解体而发展(如恐龙足迹),最终随着河流由堆积作用为主的阶段转变为以侵蚀作用为主的阶段而减弱(如丹霞地貌)。白垩纪上统夹关组的恐龙足迹群形成于干热的环境,多类型的恐龙足迹集中分布反映了白垩纪晚期(夹关期)恐龙种群的丰富,恐龙足迹的发现为区域内寻找白垩系地层的恐龙骨骼化石提供了依据。 相似文献
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6.
本文通过对辽西朝阳地区含鸟化石层附近侏罗-白垩系蓝旗组、土城子组、义县组地层共1252块古地磁样吕的测试与分析，建立了以上沉积地层的磁极性序列，发现蓝旗组、土城子组地层的磁极性序列具有频繁的正、反极性、而义县组则为单一正极性，结合现有古生物和同位素年龄资料，对比国际中生代地磁极性年表，表明土城子组的磁极性序列相当于提塘期、基末里期、牛津期和卡洛期，其主体的地质时代应属晚侏罗世（J3），土城子组底部的地质时代应属中侏罗世（J2)；并且根据义县组含鸟化石层以上层位的磁性地层研究结果，认为义县组含鸟化石的正极性带可与M16正极性时相对应，义县组含鸟类化石层的时代应属早白垩世早期，辽西白垩系/侏罗系界线很有可能位于义县组/土城子组之间。 相似文献
7.
辽西北票和义县地区义县组综合对比研究 总被引：22，自引：4，他引：22
辽西北票、义县两地区的义县组层位对比问题一直存在争议。两地区义县组典型剖面区的岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学等方面的对比研究表明，北票四合屯地区含鸟珍稀化石层位——尖山沟层及以下层位的义县组与义县地区义县组砖城子层及以下层位可比，而与义县地区义县组的其他层位不可比。这两个地区义县组关系的确定，对深入研究辽西地区义县组顶底时代、火山活动规模和强度以及沉积一古生态环境的横向变化等问题均有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
本文报道了新近发现于河北宣化地区土城子组的恐龙足迹化石及沉积环境。为确定足迹化石的地质年代、土城子组的沉积环境及足迹化石属种，本文在对恐龙足迹化石层及其上、下地层进行剖面测制、沉积相划分和沉积环境分析的基础上，对化石层上覆凝灰岩层进行了LA- ICPMS锆石U- Pb测年，并对保存较好的足迹化石进行了测量和对比研究工作。研究结果表明，土城子组底部为冲积扇扇中沉积环境，足迹化石上、下地层则表现为河流相沉积环境，而足迹化石的赋存层位形成于滨湖相沉积环境，发育暴露构造并含有大量裸子植物碎屑化石。凝灰岩锆石U- Pb加权平均年龄为152. 3±0. 3 Ma（MSWD=0. 00106），说明化石层位于土城子组一段，时代属于晚侏罗世钦莫利期（Kimmeridgian）中晚期。已发现的足迹化石以兽脚类三趾型足迹为主，包括跷脚龙足迹属（Grallator）、安琪龙足迹属（Anchisauripus）和实雷龙足迹属（Eubrontes），其次为一些疑似蜥脚类恐龙足迹，是华北北缘土城子组中群落丰富度最高的恐龙足迹点，其中一处或许为中国北方面积最大的恐龙足迹点。因此，我们认为宣化- 下花园盆地土城子组一段以河流、湖泊相沉积环境为主，当时裸子植物繁茂，恐龙动物群庞大，偶尔存在火山喷发活动。新发现的宣化恐龙足迹不仅填补了宣化- 下花园地区恐龙足迹化石的空白，也丰富了燕辽地区土城子组生物群的组合面貌，为土城子组内年代地层划分及陆相J/K界线的确定提供了新的证据。 相似文献
9.
本文记述了发现于宁夏六盘山地区的恐龙足迹化石。共计5个化石点,分别位于宁夏六盘山地区固原市隆德县和泾源县,赋存地层为下白垩统六盘山群和尚铺组、李洼峡组和马东山组,包括蜥脚类和鸟脚类恐龙足迹化石,其中以蜥脚类为主。足迹可识别的有4条行迹,其中,隆德县香水镇行迹所代表的恐龙个体较小,臀高仅1.44m,其余3组行迹代表的恐龙较大,臀高在2.79～3.27m之间;鸟脚类恐龙臀高约为0.48 m,为小型鸟脚类恐龙。采用Alexander的速度计算方法对造迹恐龙的速度进行研究,表明六盘山地区蜥脚类造迹恐龙速度为0.34～1.41m/s之间,复步长与臀高的比值小于2,均为正常行走状态。足迹保存层面岩性主要为粉砂质泥岩、细砂岩,具水平层理、波痕、泥裂、雨雹痕等沉积构造,含植物碎片化石,并发育有大量的无脊椎动物潜穴化石。根据岩性及沉积构造判断,造迹恐龙活动环境为离湖岸较近的浅水地带。 相似文献
10.
皖南休宁地区恐龙脚印等化石的产出特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
皖南休宁地区发现“三位一体”的恐龙骨骼化石、恐龙蛋化石、恐龙足迹和尾迹化石。本文着重描述这批化石的形态大小和结构特点,并从古生态学方面对化石进行了探讨分析;按化石产出层位,对应的各类恐龙活动时间总计约为40Ma。 相似文献
11.
辽河盆地东部凹陷天然气盖层评价 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
辽河盆地东部凹陷为辽河盆地三大凹陷之一，位于辽宁省境内的下辽河平原。本文通过东部凹陷盖层类型，岩石学特征与盖层品质的关系，压实作用对盖层封盖性能的影响及火山岩盖层封盖性能分析，指出东部凹陷虽缺乏区域性盖层，但局部盖层十分发育，其中火山岩是最好的盖层，不同层次的泥岩盖层变化较大，主要形成期为中深层的突变压实阶段和紧密压实阶段，浅层火山岩的发育弥补了泥岩的不足，并根据泥岩盖层与储层的匹配关系研究指出:“东部凹陷浅层是差的盖层匹配好储层，深层则相反”。从泥岩盖层角度出发认为中深层应是大中型气藏形成的有利场所，浅层则是小型气藏发育的有利部位，但本区封盖性能很好的火山岩发育，使其为主的盖层，增加了浅层形成较大型气藏的可能，从而打破了以泥岩盖层为主的纵向天然气分布格局，同时通过东部凹陷不同层位、不同深度层次泥岩盖层突破压力分布特点，结合火山岩分布特征，指出了本区下部勘探方向。 相似文献
12.
Md. Aftabuzzaman Sohail Kabir Md. Khairul Islam M. Shafiqul Alam 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,81(5):677-684
Pleistocene red soil horizons were exposed in different areas of the Barind Tract in north-west Bangladesh. X-ray diffractions of twenty seven samples from different depths of these soil horizons revealed that the soil horizons consisted of kaolinite, illite and chrysotile with significant amount of opal-CT. Samples from Maddhapara, Bogra, and Nachole contain kaolinite, illite, quartz and opal-CT, and the samples from Kantabari contain chrysotile instead of kaolinite. Clay mineral compositions of different soil horizons indicated two different types of clay assemblages, viz. (a) illitekaolinite and (b) illite-chrysotile. In the village of Kantabari, illite-chrysotile clay mineral assemblage indicate that soil horizons were formed under low temperatures with alkaline and reducing conditions. However, other soil horizons of illite-kaolinite clay mineral assemblage indicate that soils were possibly formed under humid, temperate and welldrained conditions. These two soil horizons were formed under different geochemical, geomorphological and climatic conditions from different parent materials. Scanning Electron Microscopy photographs showing the presence of glass shards and no opal-A were found using XRD, suggesting that the opal-A might not be a precursor to opal-CT in the red soil horizon of the study area. This opal-CT along with the general lack of fossils and presence of glass shards was indicative of a volcanogenic rather than biogenic origin for the Opal-CT in the study area, and X-ray fluorescence data reveals higher percentages of silica which is comparable to the Toba Ash of Toba Caldera, Indonesia of about 75,000 B.P. 相似文献
13.
Well‐developed Bt horizons of five palaeosols (P1–P5) have been recorded previously within a 20‐m‐thick succession of Pliocene siltstones and clayey siltstones in the southern part of the Buenos Aires Province of Argentina. This paper reports a detailed field and micromorphological (thin section) investigation of a 6‐m portion of the sequence encompassing P2 and P3. Large‐scale faunal burrow infillings occur throughout: other bioturbation features in the form of channel and spongy microstructures are mainly confined to the siltstones. The intervening clayey siltstones (Bt horizons) have been affected more by shrink–swell disruption, as evidenced by slickensides and a range of striated b‐fabrics in thin sections. Clay coatings, indicative of illuvial accumulation of clay translocated in suspension from overlying A or E horizons, occur in both the siltstones and clayey siltstones. The types, microstratigraphic associations and depth functions of features are interpreted in terms of changing interactions, balances and dominances between sedimentary, pedogenic and erosional processes over time, thus providing the basis for the pedosedimentary reconstruction of landscape evolution in the region during part of the Pliocene represented by the whole P1–P5 sequence (4–5 Ma BP). It is envisaged that this period was dominated by aeolian deposition, although fluvial and mass movement processes probably led to reworking and redistribution of some of the materials. Overall rates of subaerial deposition, however, were not substantial: pedogenic processes were active throughout, the balance between sedimentation and pedogenesis varying over time in a cyclical fashion. Phases of reduced deposition and establishment of relatively stable land surfaces were marked by the development of argillic soil profiles with clearly defined eluvial and illuvial horizons. Intervening periods of more rapid accumulation of coarser material were characterized by accretionary soil development and welding of new pedological features on existing soils as the surface accreted, first transforming existing eluvial horizons into BCt/AE horizons (siltstones) and then encouraging the syndepositional upward extension of these complex horizons. The primary basis of the alternating units of siltstones (BCt/AE horizons) and clayey siltstones (Bt horizons) lies in the cyclical change in size of particles deposited, although pedogenic translocation processes enhanced these textural differences. The underlying driving mechanism behind the pedosedimentary cycle can only be speculated upon, although it is tempting to relate the sedimentation pattern to climatic fluctuations linked to glacial advances and retreats in the Patagonian Andes during the Pliocene. 相似文献
14.
Robert D. Hall 《Quaternary Research》1999,51(3):248
Soil chronofunctions are often quasilinear, but those relationships may be only gross, fortuitous generalizations that ignore changes in soils resulting from climatic and other cyclic external influences that govern soil formation or soil degradation. In the Rocky Mountains, soil development has been extensively used to estimate the age of sediments, but the number of soils is usually few, and large ranges in values for soil data may be dismissed as “normal variation.” In a detailed study of soils in the Wind River Range and Wind River Basin, characteristics of near-surface horizons do not follow age trends. However, the underlying carbonate-bearing horizons do have age-related characteristics. This “soil paradox” may be related to glacial–interglacial cycles in which (1) wind erodes near-surface horizons and then provides new parent material and (2) cryoturbation disrupts carbonate horizons, remobilizing carbonate and changing carbonate morphology but with only minimal loss of carbonate from the soil. 相似文献
15.
安徽庐江龙桥铁矿层新资料及成矿作用多阶段演化模式 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根据龙桥铁矿层位岩性，地球化学特征及其与南京地区中三叠世周冲村期含膏岩系的对比，结合含矿层位的展布与区域构造及火山岩盆地的构造分析。论证龙桥铁矿含矿层位是中三叠世东马鞍山期（周冲村期）萨布哈－泻湖沉积环境下，含铁沉积（菱铁矿，铁白云石，磁铁矿及赤铁）矿源层。经燕夺浆侵入的热变质和热液叠加构造，成矿作用经历多阶段演化。 相似文献
16.
Through a systematic study on trace elements and REE geochemistry of mudstone deposited in the basin and lower slope environments during Upper Proterozoic to Triassic in the Southwest Yangtze Mssif,three geochemical abnormal horizons of which the geochemical characteristics are quite different from those of other horizons have been established for the first time.They are the Lower Cambrian,the Upper Devonian and the Upper Permian,As compared with the crustal evolution in this area.these three geochemical abnormal horizons are corresponding to the pulling-apart periods of geotectonic cycles.which illustrates that uncommon depositional sources puring into the basin from the earth‘s interior may be one of the most important causes to originate the geochemical anomalies in these lhrizons.Thus it can be realized that the geochemistry of post-Archean sedimentary rocks has a great deal to do with the crustal evolution and it can be used as a tracer to analyze the crustal evolution.The elements in this area are mainly concentrated in these geochemical abnormal horizons,and the degree of enrichment and deficiency of trace elements in other horizons is very limited.A series of research on mineralization indicates that the main strata-bound ore deposits discovered in the Southwest Yangtze Massif occur in the Cambrian,Devonian and Permian-Trassic strata.The results of isotope tracer resarch have also proved that most of the metallogenic elements in these ore deposits came from the host strata.which illustrates that the geochemical abnormal horizons may have made great contributions to these ore-forming processes.Thus it can be concluded that it is only the particular horizons corresponding to the particular periode of earth‘s evolution that can they be the significant source beds because only in these uncommon horizons there can be highly enriched metallogeinc elements.which may be one of the most important reasons for explaining the time-bound nature of mineralization. 相似文献
17.
Four paleosols, and soil horizons within paleosols, were clearly identified in the thick calcium carbonate-free loess sections at Timaru, South Island, New Zealand, by changes in the distribution of total phosphorus and calcium phosphate in the upper 2 m to each paleosol. Extractable manganese was also sensitive in identifying paleosols, particularly the upper horizons. The distribution of bulk density values was useful in identifying paleosols; however, the maximum bulk density (>1.7 g/cc) occurred in horizons identified as B2 rather than fragipan horizons in three of four cases. The distribution of clay particles was useful in understanding the genesis of the modern soil and paleosols, but not in identifying paleosols. 相似文献
18.
W. Dyck 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1984,20(1):85-92
Vertical profiles of 210Po in soils near the Midwest uranium deposit and an associated surficial radioactive sandstone boulder train in northern Saskatchewan show a high 210Po background in air-dried forest litter (24 pCi/g) and Ah horizon soil (11 pCi/g) relative to lower soil horizons (<1 pCi/g). These high levels mask the 210Po signal from the radioactive boulders in the near-surface soil horizons. Only in the Bf and C horizons can the existence of the radioactive boulders be inferred from 210Po determinations. For comparative purposes profiles for 226Ra, U, Ni, and other trace elements are also presented.Escape of most of the Rn from near surface soils into the atmosphere, homogenization and decay of Rn, and precipitation of decay products back onto surface soils satisfactorily explain the field observations discussed here.Compared to the highly anomalous 222Rn signal in soil gases over this boulder train the 210Po contrast is very weak and is of little use for prospecting for this type of boulder train. The relatively high 210Po background in surficial materials relative to lower soil horizons dictates that great care be taken with the 210Po method; the deepest possible horizons should be sampled. 相似文献
19.
A sequence of clays and clayey siltstones with olistostrome horizons and olistoplaques of the Upper Cretaceous rocks occur in the coastal section northwest of the mouth of the Agoi River. The rocks of this sequence are mostly gray sandy calcareous clays with rare interlayers of siltstones. The horizons and lenses of olistostromes contain small clasts, large blocks, and olistoplaques of rocks of various ages. The microfauna from matrix and clasts of olistostromes of different horizons of the sequence was sampled and identified. The large blocks and olistoplaques are tectonized with formation of slickensides and cracks, which do not travel beyond the country rocks. The thickness of the sequence is 280 m. 相似文献
20.
Plio-Pleistocene microtephra in DSDP site 231, Gulf of Aden 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sarah J. Feakins Francis H. Brown Peter B. deMenocal 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2007,48(5):341-352
We reconstruct a Plio-Pleistocene microscopic tephrostratigraphy for DSDP Site 231 in the Gulf of Aden. Systematic microtephrostratigraphy increases the potential for identifying tephra horizons for regional stratigraphic correlation and age control, as well as providing information about eruptive histories. Microtephra reveal three main pulses of volcanism c. 4.0–3.2 Ma, 2.4 Ma and 1.7–1.3 Ma, corresponding to peaks in volcanic activity recorded in the East African Rift System. Previous studies of DSDP Site 231 have reported six visible tephra horizons (up to 25 cm thick) with geochemical compositions matching East African tuffs. We find 68 additional microtephra horizons through microscopic examination of 1050 samples (each integrating c. 3 ka) in over 200 m of marine sediments. We report the major and minor element geochemical compositions of individual glass shards in six of these microtephra horizons and establish a robust correlation at 168.73 m to the Lokochot Tuff (3.58 Ma), which together with previously identified tephra, provides a tightly constrained chronostratigraphy for the mid Pliocene. 相似文献