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1.
研究矿业活动重金属的释放、迁移及累积特征对于控制和治理矿区水土环境污染具有重要的意义。本文通过广东大宝山矿区水土污染源调查及横石河流域沿岸水土样品采集,以研究区土壤对照值及国家环境质量为标准,试图探讨了大宝山矿区重金属迁移及累积特征。研究结果表明,横石河沿岸土壤重金属元素主要来自采矿活动的酸性废水的排放,土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的含量均超过对照值,呈现出明显的累积特征,且Cd、Cu含量超过了国家土壤环境质量标准;土壤中重金属累积程度及其风险等级呈现出从源头向下游递减的特点,其中凉桥、水楼下地段农田重金属处于高风险区,阳河-莲心村虽有累积,但无风险;上坝村地处土壤重金属累积的中风险区,下坝村处于低风险区。研究结果为矿区重金属污染防治提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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广东大宝山矿区横石河沿岸水土重金属分布规律及其累积风险 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究矿业活动重金属的释放、迁移及累积特征对于控制和治理矿区水土环境污染具有重要的意义。本文通过广东大宝山矿区水土污染源调查及横石河流域沿岸水土样品采集,以研究区土壤对照值及国家环境质量为标准,试图探讨了大宝山矿区重金属迁移及累积特征。研究结果表明,横石河沿岸土壤重金属元素主要来自采矿活动的酸性废水的排放,土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的含量均超过对照值,呈现出明显的累积特征,且Cd、Cu含量超过了国家土壤环境质量标准;土壤中重金属累积程度及其风险等级呈现出从源头向下游递减的特点,其中凉桥、水楼下地段农田重金属处于高风险区,阳河—莲心村虽有累积,但无风险;上坝村地处土壤重金属累积的中风险区,下坝村处于低风险区。研究结果为矿区重金属污染防治提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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多金属矿山环境中矿物的微生物分解及环境效应研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
多金属矿山矿物的分解不仅可以形成酸矿水,而且可释放大量有害元素,造成严重的环境污染.在矿物分解、元素释放、迁移、沉淀和富集过程中微生物起了非常重要的作用.在总结微生物分解矿物的机制、微生物-矿物界面作用及生物膜在矿物分解过程中所起的作用基础上,概述了酸矿水中微生物群落的特征和种系演化,对矿山环境金属硫化物生物氧化释放的有害元素的微生物地球化学循环过程以及重金属元素对微生物氧化作用的影响做了系统的论述并讨论了微生物在环境修复中的作用. 相似文献
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大冶铜绿山铜铁矿床尾矿砂中重金属与微量元素环境地球化学特征研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为了解铜绿山铜铁矿床尾矿砂中重金属元素的释放迁移地球化学过程及其扩散范围,运用ICP.MS对大冶铜绿山铜铁矿床尾砂库的尾矿砂及其相关的水系沉积物和土壤中重金属元素、稀土元素进行了测试分析.环境地球化学研究发现,研究区重金属元素在尾矿砂垂向剖面和水系沉积物中具有较明显的垂向和横向空间分布规律;尾砂库西北边水稻田土壤明显受到Cu、Zn、Cd等重金属元素的污染,稀土元素分布模式及微量元素比值研究揭示了污染原因可能是水稻田土壤继承了附近废弃的选矿厂和矿体的特征;尾矿砂和水系沉积物稀土元素分布模式及微量元素比值的变化规律,在一定程度上可以解释重金属元素在垂向和横向空间上的分布特征. 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>在矿山尤其是硫化物矿山的开采过程中,大量的酸性废水排入环境中并浸滤出各种对环境和人体健康有毒有害的重金属离子,严重地危害矿区及周边河流的生态环境,影响区域人群的健康。广东大宝山是钦杭成矿带南段的大型铁铜多金属硫化物矿床,位于华南湿热地区,被认为是下游上坝"癌症"村的罪魁祸首。笔者选取大宝山尾矿下游附近地区为研究区,通过资料收集、野外考察、室内实验、地统计分析等方法,分析硫化物矿床附近流域的河流(铁龙河段、横石水河段、槽对坑河段)及其沿岸土壤的重金属含量 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
矿山酸性废水(Acid mine drainage,AMD)中,含有大量的溶解性Fe、SO2-4和重金属,因此在AMD这种极端特殊的环境中容易形成含铁硫酸盐次生矿物,比如施氏矿物、水铁矿、黄钾铁矾、针铁矿等。据报道,这些次生矿物对AMD河流中重金属的迁移特性起着至关重要的作用[1,2]。因此对AMD河流沉积物中矿物组成特征的调查研究,有助于了解主要矿物对类重金属迁移转化等地球化学过程的影响,为矿区重金属污染修复提供可靠的理论依据[3]。因此本研究结合差示X射线衍射和连续萃取的方法,建立适合典型金属硫化物矿区受AMD影响河流沉积物的矿物学分析方法,在此基础上研究施氏矿物、水铁矿、黄钾铁矾、针铁矿等次生矿物对类重金属环境特性的影响。本研究以广东省韶关市大宝山矿区(24°34′28″N,113°43′42″E)受AMD污染的横石河流域为研究对象,沿河采集了河床卵石沉积物和河流淤泥两种沉积物样品,共采集了18个点位的沉积物样品,包括3个不受AMD影响的支流对照组。样品经过一系列预处理(冷冻干燥、研磨、过筛等)过程,于4℃下保存备用。本研究利用连续萃取的方法结合扫描电镜、X射线衍射、傅立叶红外光谱、拉曼光谱等手段对沉积物样品进行了萃取和表征。结果表明:p H沿着横石河升高,伴随着矿物的组成出现演替现象并且重金属的含量也随之衰减。沉积物中除了含有硅铝酸盐、石英外,主要成分为铁羟基硫酸盐矿物。其中,横石河上游主要矿物组成为黄钾铁矾和施氏矿物,到中下游时以针铁矿和水铁矿为主。类重金属As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Mo、Cr、Ni、Mn、Zn等以吸附和共沉淀的形式伴随着矿物暂时固定于沉积物中。但是,随着河流环境条件的改变,次生矿物将发生相转化并可能将引起重金属的释放。 相似文献
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对广东大宝山矿横石河下游地势平坦的农耕区上坝村表层土壤中6种重金属元素进行测试分析,并构建模糊数学污染评价模型对重金属的污染程度进行评价。结果显示,研究区土壤受到重金属Cd、Cu、As的复合污染,显示为重度污染,Cd污染最为严重,Cu、As为轻度污染,传统的综合污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价显示为轻度和重度污染。模糊数学污染评价法有多个影响因子引入,更加符合矿区及周围地区重金属污染的现状,因而能够在矿区及周边地区土壤重金属的污染评价中得到应用,该方法基于传统的污染评价法进行优化和改良,因此具备良好的可操作性和广泛的适用性。 相似文献
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基于模糊数学的广东大宝山矿横石河下游
土壤重金属元素污染评价 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
对广东大宝山矿横石河下游地势平坦的农耕区上坝村表层土壤中6种重金属元素进行测试分析,并构建模糊数学污染评价模型对重金属的污染程度进行评价。结果显示,研究区土壤受到重金属Cd、Cu、As的复合污染,显示为重度污染,Cd污染最为严重,Cu、As为轻度污染,传统的综合污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价显示为轻度和重度污染。模糊数学污染评价法有多个影响因子引入,更加符合矿区及周围地区重金属污染的现状,因而能够在矿区及周边地区土壤重金属的污染评价中得到应用,该方法基于传统的污染评价法进行优化和改良,因此具备良好的可操作性和广泛的适用性。 相似文献
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矿山环境地表水系的硫同位素研究——以贵州赫章后河为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
为更好地了解矿山环境中元素迁移释放的地球化学过程,本文研究了赫章后河地表水系硫酸根和沉积物中的硫同位素组成。结果发现,水体和沉积物中硫同位素组成差异较大,不同水体中SO42-的浓度与δ34S值之间有较好的相关性,主河道水体和沉积物中的硫主要来自矿业活动的释放。水体中硫同位素组成不仅能反映水体的受污染情况和污染水体的扩散范围,还能反映沉积物中硫化物氧化作用的地球化学过程。 相似文献
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湘西金矿尾矿—水相互作用：1．环境地球化学效应 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
湘西金矿在生产过程中产生了大量的尾矿。该区尾矿－水相互作用强烈，并引起了尾矿中重金属元素的释放、迁移和对水体－土壤、蔬菜等表生环境的重金属污染。污染程度较大的元素均为Au、Sb、As、Cd、Hg、W等，与尾矿中元素的富集特征相一致。尾矿中重金属元素的水迁移能力由大到小顺序为Au、Cd、W、Sb、Pb、As、Zn、Cu。元素的生物吸收系数由大至小顺序为Cd、Au、Zn、Hg、Sb、Cu、Pb、As、W。植物中金属元素浓度主要受土壤中的浓度、植物种类和吸收的影响。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(11-12):1377-1386
The heavy metal contamination and seasonal variation of the metals in soils, plants and waters in the vicinity of an abandoned metalliferous mine in Korea were studied. Elevated levels of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were found in tailings with averages of 8.57, 481, 4,450 and 753 mg/kg, respectively. These metals are continuously dispersed downstream and downslope from the tailings by clastic movement through wind and water. Thus, significant levels of the elements in waters and sediments were found up to 3.3 km downstream from the mining site, especially for Cd and Zn. Enriched concentrations of heavy metals were also found in various plants grown in the vicinity of the mining area, and the metal concentrations in plants increased with those in soils. In a study of seasonal variation on the heavy metals in paddy fields, relatively high concentrations of heavy metals were found in rice leaves and stalks grown under oxidizing conditions rather than a reducing environment (P<0.05). 相似文献
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Geological impact of some tailings dams in Sardinia,Italy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This article deals with the results of a survey carried out in Sardinia on both active and abandoned tailings dams, and we also discuss the geological impact of tailings dams of two mines: the Masua mine, a large syngenetic Pb-Zn deposit located in Cambrian limestones, and the Montevecchio mine, a Pb-Zn vein deposit near a Hercynian granite intrusion. The characteristics and metal content of material in the dams were analyzed. A high contamination of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu) was found both in the soils and water of Rio Montevecchio, a stream draining the tailings dams and other mining operations in the area.The study indicates that a control plan to minimize heavy metal pollution must be drawn up for all mines of the area, whether active or abandoned. 相似文献
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陕西潼关金矿区太峪河底泥重金属元素的含量及污染评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过对潼关金矿区太峪河和太峪水库底泥中重金属元素总量的调查,探讨了金矿开发活动中重金属元素对河流底泥的污染程度。研究结果表明,除As外,河流底泥中重金属元素的含量与尾矿渣中重金属元素的含量变化一致,表明其主要来源于尾矿渣,但又明显高于尾矿渣。在同一地点河流底泥中重金属元素的含量平均高出河水中的1048.61～666030.08倍,呈显著富集。以邻近地区不受工矿活动影响的河流底泥重金属元素的含量均值作为评价参比值,太峪河底泥受到了Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn元素的极度污染,单项污染超标倍数及综合污染指数法评价结果表明,Hg、Pb、Cd平均污染超标倍数达366.90、217.42和149.97,是底泥中最主要的污染元素。河流底泥重金属元素的综合污染指数高达278.97,表明河流的复合污染亦呈极度状态。太峪河底泥受重金属元素极度污染的现实提示,矿区的环境防治工作已刻不容缓。 相似文献
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四川拉拉铜矿尾矿中重金属资源和环境意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
尾矿中高含量重金属具有潜在的资源和环境意义。通过分析拉拉铜矿尾矿中的重金属含量及其赋存形式,讨论了尾矿中有价元素的回收利用可能性,并评价了尾矿中重金属的生态风险。结果表明,拉拉铜矿各期尾矿中仅Ⅲ期尾矿的铁、铜、钴具有综合利用价值;各期尾矿中多种重金属元素潜在的生态危害程度轻微,但是各期尾矿中汞的生态危害程度中等,Ⅲ期尾矿中铜的生态危害程度中等。因此,矿区不仅要注意各期尾矿汞对环境的潜在污染,同时也应注意Ⅲ期尾矿铜对环境污染的生态风险。 相似文献
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Sequential extraction and leaching characteristics of heavy metals in abandoned tungsten mine tailings sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pyeong-Koo Lee Min-Ju Kang Ho Young Jo Sang-Hoon Choi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(7):1909-1923
The chemical speciation of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the contaminated soils and sulfides-rich tailings sediments of an abandoned tungsten mine in Korea was evaluated by conducting modified BCR sequential extraction tests. Kinetic and static batch leaching tests were also conducted to evaluate the potential release of As and other heavy metals by acidic rain water and the leaching behaviors of these heavy metals. The major sources of the elements were As-, Zn- and Pb-bearing sulfides, Pb carbonates (i.e., cerussite), and Pb sulfates (i.e., anglesite). The biggest pollutant fraction in these soil and tailing samples consists of metals bound to the oxidizable host phase, which can be released into the environment if conditions become oxidative, and/or to residual fractions. No significant difference in total element concentrations was observed between the tailings sediments and contaminated soils. For both sample types, almost no changes occurred in the mobility of As and the other heavy metals at 7 days, but the mobility increased afterwards until the end of the tests at 30 days, regardless of the initial pH. However, the mobility was approximately 5–10 times higher at initial pH 1.0 than at initial pHs of 3.0 and 5.0. The leached amounts of all the heavy metal contents were higher from tailings sediments than from contaminated soils at pH > 3.0, but were lower at pH < 3.0 except for As. Results of this study suggest that further dissolution of heavy metals from soil and tailing samples may occur during extended rainfall, resulting in a serious threat to surface and groundwater in the mine area. 相似文献
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Acid Mine Drainage and Heavy Metal Pollution from Solid Waste in the Tongling Mines, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on investigation of the characteristics of solid waste of two different mines, the Fenghuangshan copper mine and the Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, Anhui province in central-east China, the possibility and the differences of acid mine drainage （AMD） of the railings and the waste rocks are discussed, and the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the mine solid waste are also studied. The Fenghuangshan copper mine hardly produces AMD, whereas the Xinqiao pyrite mine does and there are also differences in the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the railings. For the former, toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg exist mostly in the slag mode, as compared to the latter, where the deoxidization mode has a much higher content, indicating that large amounts minerals in the waste rocks have begun to oxidize at the earth surface. AMD is proved to promote the migration and spread of the heavy metals in mining waste rocks and lead to environmental pollution of the surroundings of the mine area. 相似文献
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Behavior of heavy metals in sulfide mine tailings and bottom sediment (Salair,Kemerovo region,Russia) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The given work focused on solving the problem of environmental geochemistry related to investigation of element speciation,
their mobility, and migration in polluted areas. The purpose was to describe quantitatively migration, distribution, and redistribution
of heavy metals by the example of the old tailings (Talmovaya sands) of the Lead Zinc Concentration Plant (Salair, Kemerovo
region, Russia) and technogenic bottom sediments of the Malaya Talmovaya river. Contents of elements in the sulfide tailings
range in the following limits: Zn: 1,100–27,000 ppm, Cd: 1.3–240 ppm, Pb: 0.01–0.81 ppm, Cu: 220–960 ppm, As: 15–970 ppm,
Fe: 19,000–76,000 ppm, and Ba: 80,000–1,00,000 ppm. Element concentrations in the river sediment are proportional to the element
contents in the sulfide tailings. Element speciations in the sulfide tailings and technogenic bottom sediments were investigated
by the modified sequential extraction procedure. Chemical forms of heavy metals in pore water and surface water were calculated
by WATEQ4F software. Principles of heavy metal migration in the sulfide tailings and technogenic bottom deposits were established.
The obtained results about element species in the sulfide tailings and sediment explain the main principles of element migration
and redeposition. In the mine waste and technogenic bottom deposits, there is vertical substance transformation with formation
of geochemical barriers. 相似文献