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1.
沉积物微量金属元素在重建水体环境变化中的意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
沉积物所记录的微量金属含量与形态的变化是指示人类活动影响下水体环境变化的有效指标,主要用于指示沉积物重金属污染、水体初级生产力变化和氧化还原条件等方面的水体环境状况。总体而言,沉积物中微量金属含量在近一个世纪以来显著上升,反映了采矿、冶金、污水排放、化肥使用、煤炭和石油燃烧等各种人类活动造成水体和沉积物重金属污染的记录作为浮游植物微量营养元素,Cu、Zn、Ni、Ba、Cd等在沉积物中的记录可以指示水体初级生产力水平。U、Mo、V、Cu、Cd、Mn等氧化还原敏感元素在沉积物中的富集或贫化,及其比值(如Re/Mo、Cd/U、Th/U和V/Sc)的变化,是指示水体和沉积物氧化还原环境的有效指标。但需要指出的是,在受人类活动影响的水体中,这些生产力和氧化还原指标很少能指示水体生产力或氧化还原状况,可能主要与人类活动同时造成这些金属元素大量污染输入而掩盖了其自生来源和内在变化的沉积记录有关。所以,对沉积物中微量金属元素来源的判别(陆源碎屑输入、人为输入和水体自生来源)是重建水体环境变化的重要前提。本文总结了多种化学和统计学方法(包括同位素示踪法、化学提取法、富集因子法和主成分分析法等)在沉积物金属来源判别中的应用另外,成岩作用等多种因素会干扰沉积物金属记录对环境变化的指示作用,所以构建多元素指标来综合判断沉积物记录所反映的环境信息是今后的研究所必须关注的 相似文献
2.
黑龙江省扎龙湿地土壤地球化学特征及生态环境意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据松嫩平原南部多目标地球化学调查成果,以扎龙湿地为研究对象,通过土壤元素含量变化和元素间的相关关系,探讨了湿地土壤元素分布分配的地球化学规律。通过湿地的环境变化对土壤元素含量变化的影响,以及表层土壤有机碳储量计算,从地球化学角度,分析了湿地的生态环境作用。 相似文献
3.
以山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查取得的区域土壤地球化学数据为依据,研究了区内54种元素或指标的土壤地球化学基准值和背景值与全国土壤的差异。通过对比区内土壤基准值与背景值的变化,认为本区大部分元素或指标在表层土壤中的含量继承了成土母质,后期人类活动对其影响较小,Zn、Pb、Cu、Se、Cd、S、P、Hg、N、OrgC等元素或指标在表生作用或人类活动等因素影响下,其分布分配特征产生明显变化。本文通过对表层和深层土壤元素相关系数的研究,认为深层土壤元素地球化学含量可表征表层土壤原始沉积的地球化学含量;讨论了人为活动导致土壤污染的评价方法,莱州—招远—烟台和牟平—乳山金矿集中区以及人口密集的城镇地带表层土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb、As、Zn、Se、S等元素污染严重。地质背景和人类活动(采金污染、工业生产、城市人口密集生活等)的共同作用,是造成环境中有害元素含量较高的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
天津市潮间带柱状沉积物中重金属的污染历史及来源判别 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用因子分析和元素含量特征分析两种方法,对天津市潮间带的4个无扰动沉积物柱样的46个样品进行了重金属分析,并探讨了重金属的来源方式和富集原因。研究结果表明,天津市潮间带的重金属可分为3类:1)Fe、Cr、Al及Mn元素主要受环境背景值的影响,2)Hg和Cd受人为活动的影响较大,3)As、Zn、Pb、Cu及Ni受环境背景值及人类活动的双重影响,且影响大小随所在位置的不同而变化。结合210Pb和137Cs测年结果,定量确定了天津市潮间带小于0.063 mm粒级沉积物中Ni等11种重金属元素的环境背景值,并以此为基础,进一步探讨了重金属富集年代、富集量及污染历史和人类活动的关系,发现多数重金属的污染始于1910年代,并在1954年之后富集量增加。 相似文献
5.
通过研究元素含量在土壤表层和深层的比值,可以了解土壤表层元素含量的富集特征、成因和对环境的影响.将土壤中部分元素表层含量与深层含量进行了对比,统计、研究了比值系数及其分布特征,并对元素Cd区域性富集特征进行了探讨.指出成土母岩、元素化学特性、pH值、人类活动等对土壤中元素含量的富集具有重要的影响作用,应以地质、地球化学、人类活动等综合因素来研究土壤中元素含量的变化. 相似文献
6.
湿地与森林、海洋被地理学界称作＂三大生态系统＂,是最重要的富饶多产的生态体系之一。湿地由于受气候、环境与人类活动等共同影响下,正在逐年发生变化,使其区域的水文也跟着发生相应的变化。从而给人类生存活动带来不利影响。本文前半部分分析嫩江流域的沼泽湿地近三十余年来演变的现状,后半部分析沼泽湿地面积减少的水文驱动的因素。 相似文献
7.
8.
为研究麋鹿自然保护区的沉积物环境特点,对大丰麋鹿自然保护区一级和三级核心区进行沉积物取样。在实验室中进行了粒度和元素地球化学特点的分析发现,相对于三级核心区,一级核心区因为麋鹿密度的不断扩大以及人类活动的增强,其风化作用比较强烈。另外,缺水严重、人类活动频繁、农业污染等已经影响到沉积物中的元素分布,这种变化有可能会影响到核心区内的植被种类及覆盖情况以及麋鹿饮食的安全。 相似文献
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10.
本文对西南极地区纳尔逊冰盖边缘N1沉积序列化学元素组成特征和风化作用地球化学过程进行了研究。结果表明:N1沉积序列中元素的组成与该地区玄武质火山岩的化学组成具有密切的关系,该序列沉积物是自然环境下风化的产物,因此本文分析样品元素的平均含量可以作为该地区冰缘沉积物的背景值;冰缘沉积物所记录的源区化学风化作用强度显得非常微弱,处于脱Ca、Mg、Na早期风化阶段,碎屑矿物的风化过程多处在蒙脱石阶段;沉积序列中元素的活动强度及其比值变化,反映了局部的风化作用强度不同和气候环境的变化。上述研究结果有助于进一步研究南极冰缘环境的演变 相似文献
11.
Peter Wilson 《Geology Today》2011,27(4):149-153
The Lake District is a region of great scenic beauty in north‐west England that has inspired artists and poets alike, and which comes high on the list of classic geological localities in Great Britain in terms of both bedrock and geomorphological features. With its inspiring views, the Lake District is often portrayed as the product of repeated glaciation, mainly because of the clarity of the erosional and depositional features that can be seen there. But since the last glaciers disappeared other processes have been modifying the landscape, processes that have superimposed their own signatures on to the glacial features. Hillslopes in particular have undergone significant changes, as a result of slope failures in both bedrock and superficial sediments. Although these landforms are not unknown, they have not received the same level of investigation as the glacial features, resulting in a limited appreciation of their spatial distribution and significance in reshaping the landscape. This article outlines the characteristics and origins of some slope failure types, and demonstrates that there is still much to learn about the Lake District landscape. 相似文献
12.
Pintaeva E. Ts. Radnaeva L. D. Nikitina E. P. Shiretorova V. G. Tulokhonov A. K. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2020,491(1):168-170
Doklady Earth Sciences - Small lakes, being less stable systems as compared to large lakes, are sensitive to climate variations and are characterized by high sedimentation rates, and thus, they... 相似文献
13.
Sheida Jalili Sajad Ahmad Hamidi Saeed Morid Reza Namdar Ghanbari 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(14):644
Recent decline in Lake Urmia water level makes it crucial to consider this issue more seriously. For this purpose, comparison of water level in Lake Urmia with Lake Van in Turkey, which is in relatively similar geographic and climate conditions, can be an effective approach. To follow this objective, trend analysis, regime shift, and coherency analyses are implemented. The results showed negative trend in Lake Urmia water level for the past 20 years, while in Lake Van, the trend is positive. Moreover, correlation of the lake level variations versus the basin rainfall during three common periods, identified by the regime shifts analysis, illustrated a decreasing trend in the correlation. These changes can be attributed to non-climatic factors such as different allocation disciplines in two lake’s catchments. Finally, the coherency analysis showed significant annual and inter-annual frequencies common between the two lake levels. Herein, the short-term period relations are associated with lags, while in long term, they act simultaneously. 相似文献
14.
Shimaraev M. N. Troitskaya E. S. Blinov V. V. Ivanov V. G. Gnatovskii R. Yu. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2012,442(2):272-276
Based on shipboard and satellite observations, the characteristics of upwelling in Lake Baikal in the period of direct temperature
stratification have been determined for the first time. Coastal upwellings appear annually under the effect of run-down and
alongshore winds and are traced along the coast to a distance of up to 60–100 km and up to 250 km in North Baikal. Analogous
to the way it occurs in seas, water rises from the depths of 100–200 m (350 m as a maximum) at the velocity of 0.1 × 10−2−6.5 × 10−2 cm/s. Divergence in the field of intràbasin cyclonic macrovortices produces upwelling in the Baikal pelagic zone and downwelling
in the vicinity of shores; this lasts from 7 to 88 days and covers the depth interval of 80–300 m in August and up to 400–800
m in early-mid November. The area of upwellings occupies up to 20–60% of the separate basins of the lake. Vertical circulation
of water in the field of pelagic upwellings leads to intensification of coastal currents and to formation of the thermobar
with a heat inert zone in the central part of the lake in November, and this thermobar is not observed in other lakes, at
that. 相似文献
15.
Robert A. Sweeney 《GeoJournal》1995,35(1):65-66
The positive ecological changes that have occurred in Lake Erie since the mid-1970, demonstrate that an extensively degraded aquatic ecosystem can be rejuventated. This rejuvenation should provide encouragement to other who are attempting to save such habitats as the Aral Sea. This paper summarizes the problems of Lake Erie, the meassures instituted to correct the problems and the result of remediation efforts. 相似文献
16.
湖泊三角洲研究的回顾与展望 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
本文以中国陆相含油气盆地为例,简要地回顾了湖泊三角洲的研究史、研究现状和存在的主要问题。认为高分辨率层序地层学理论在湖泊三角洲不同级次的等时成因地层单元划分对比中的应用,可将单井的一维信息转化为油田范围至盆地范围的三维信息,从而为储层预测和油气藏精细描述提供更可靠的依据,为油气勘探带来广阔的前景。 相似文献
17.
A. Bollhöfer A. Mangini A. Lenhard M. Wessels F. Giovanoli B. Schwarz 《Environmental Geology》1994,24(4):267-274
Two sediment cores (BO90/13b and BO90/17b) from Lake Constance were investigated by-spectrometry for210Pb,134Cs,137Cs,241Am,234Th, and other members of the238U decay chain. The sediments were dated using the constant-flux model for210Pb, and accumulation rates were determined. These range from 0.04 to 0.65g/cm
2/yr (BO90/13b) and 0.04 to 0.8g/cm
2/yr (BO90/17b), respectively. The mean accumulation rate amounts to 0.16g/cm
2/yr for both cores. The cores had already been dated by lamination counting and reconstruction of high-water events at the Limnological Institute at Constance, so that a very precise time scale was available. Both ages derived are in agreement within statistical error up to 1900, which means dating with the constant-flux model for210Pb was confirmed up to that age. The position of the maxima of bomb cesium and americium confirm the stratigraphic and210Pb datings. With241Am a further radioactive isotope is available, which can, due to the half-life of241Pu (t
1/2=14.4yr) be detected now by-spectrometry and can serve as an additional time indicator, the maximum being dated at 1963. By applying the various time scales, the depth profiles of stable lead and zinc of core BO90/13b were dated. Both heavy metals show a very significant maximum located beneath the layer of the maxima of bomb cesium and americium, showing that these maxima are older than those of the bomb isotopes. It is remarkable in this context that the maximum of zinc concentration occurs a little later than that of stable lead. Similar concentration profiles are observable in core BO90/17b and other, older sediment cores (CS6-CS10) on a transect across the lake. In contrast to a former assumption, the depth profile of stable lead in Lake Constance sediments does not reflect the anthropogenic gasoline lead emissions into the atmosphere for Germany, their maximum being dated at 1971. 相似文献
18.
西藏羊卓雍错湖面遥感监测模型及近期变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
羊卓雍错作为西藏高原三大圣湖之一和藏南重要的高原特色风景旅游景区, 其水域变化受到当地老百姓和各级政府部门的关注. 应用高分辨率陆地资源卫星等遥感数据可以方便、 准确地获取湖泊面积、 周长等信息, 但是由于Landsat 等高分辨率陆地资源卫星影像受到卫星重复周期和卫星过顶时多云天气的影响, 无法实现湖泊面积变化的常规业务化连续监测. 为此, 以Landsat 等高分辨率陆地资源卫星为主要遥感信息源, 结合羊卓雍错水位观测资料, 建立了羊卓雍错湖泊面积变化与水位波动之间的相关模型. 在此基础上, 利用该湖泊面积遥感监测模型, 结合近期水位观测资料分析了羊卓雍错湖面面积变化特征与趋势. 相似文献
19.
Frédéric Bouchette Mathieu Schuster Claude Roquin Patrick Marsaleix 《Quaternary Research》2010,73(2):226-236
Holocene Lake Mega-Chad (LMC) was the largest late Quaternary water-body in Africa. The development of this giant paleo-lake is related to a northward shift of the isohyetes interpreted as evidence for an enhanced Monsoon (African Humid Period). Numerous preserved coastal features have been described all around the LMC shore. Such features reveal the main paleo-hydrodynamical tendencies. In the context of a closed water-body like LMC, hydrodynamics are forced mainly by winds. We use a three-dimensional numerical model (SYMPHONIE) to simulate the mean hydrodynamics in LMC under both Harmattan-like (northeasterly trade winds) and Monsoon-like (southwesterly winds) forcings. The northern part of LMC displays coastal features, such as sand spits, that are consistent with the simulations forced by Harmattan-like winds. Geomorphic features related to Monsoon-driven hydrodynamics are not clearly expressed. They could have developed during the early stage of LMC but subsequently reworked. At the time of sand-spit building, Harmattan-like driven hydrodynamics prevailed and related coastal features were preferentially preserved in the sedimentary record. 相似文献