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1.
地轴倾斜与大陆板块漂移   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
众所周知 ,地轴是倾斜的 ,倾角达 2 4°。地轴为什么会倾斜 ?一直是科学家所关注的问题之一。在回答这个问题上 ,各种假说很多 ,其中“陨星撞击说”较为流行 ,但笔者通过研究认为地轴倾斜的主要原因是南半球大陆板块向北半球漂移的结果。由于南半球大陆板块不断向北半球漂移 ,造成北半球负荷较重 ,使北半球地轴下沉 ,形成向南倾斜的地轴。通过计算 ,南半球与北半球大陆板块的面积之比约为 3∶5,这正好与地轴倾角 2 4°基本相符。从地球演化历史来看 ,地轴在早期是直立的。2亿年前的联合古陆 ,基本都分布于中、低纬度和赤道附近 ,分布在南、…  相似文献   

2.
大量古记录表明了近两万年来同一半球内区域季风降水同步变化,而在千年尺度上南北半球间季风降水存在显著的反位相变化关系,但是驱动这一反位相关系的外强迫因子和物理机制尚不完全明确。文章利用基于通用气候系统模式开展的TraCE-21 ka试验资料,发现全强迫试验能够重现与古记录一致的南北半球间季风降水反位相变化关系。并通过分析单一外强迫敏感性试验结果,明确北半球淡水注入强迫是导致千年尺度上南北半球间季风降水反位相变化的主要强迫因子。进一步研究发现,近两万年来冰盖消融带来的北半球淡水注入增强能减弱大西洋经向翻转环流,导致由南半球向北半球热量输送的减少,造成的南北半球间热力差异能够减弱由南半球向北半球的水汽输送,以及通过减弱北半球Hadley环流和向南移动热带辐合带减少北半球季风降水而增加南半球季风降水;当北半球淡水注入减弱时,变化相反。因此,淡水注入量的变化调节了过去两万年来大西洋经向翻转环流的强度和南北半球热力结构,显著影响了千年尺度上南北半球间季风降水的反位相变化关系。  相似文献   

3.
地幔圈形状周期性变化使地壳产生势能(位能)力导致地壳运动。当地幔圈由圆相对变扁,南、北半球的高纬度区地壳向低纬度区对挤;当地幔圈由扁相对变圆,恢复等位面平衡,南、北半球低纬度区的地壳区分别向高纬度区挤压。当今中国大陆地壳移动的动力是由于西部地区的地幔还在继续进行恢复等位面平衡产生的。   相似文献   

4.
全球GPS矢量场的分区描述及规律性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
马宗晋  张进  任金卫  李智 《地质学报》2006,80(8):1089-1100
以平均选择的GPS站点运动年速率编制了全球板块运动矢量场,从而揭示了以下几点规律:1从北大西洋洋脊东侧起,直至西北太平洋岛弧带,欧亚大板块总体呈现顺时针宽弧形运动;2从北大西洋洋脊西侧直至美洲大陆西边缘,北美大板块呈现反时针宽弧形运动;3从南大西洋洋脊东侧起,直至克马德克—新西兰一线,非洲板块和印—澳板块一并呈现从北东指向渐变为北北东指向的运动;4东南太平洋洋脊西侧太平洋板块总体向北西西方向运动;5东南太平洋脊东侧海底大小板块总体向北东东运动;6南美洲整体向北运动;7北极区总体向太平洋北缘运动;南极洲总体向大西洋区运动,并有分裂—对旋迹象。分析上述运动的分区展布,可推论以下几点运动动力学的认识:1拖动全球板块一级运动势态的地幔流可分解为由南极区向北的径向流与由大西洋洋脊和东南太平洋洋脊的东西两侧纬向流的二元动力联合作用,从而造成全球性指向北东和北西的斜向运动;2以重力大地水准面所展现的低阶双重非对称的地球,是引导表壳发育张裂洋脊带和汇聚俯冲带的力学条件;3沿赤道两侧不协调运动带呈现压扭、张扭的复杂变动除了南半球与北半球地幔流在运动指向和速度的差异而造成之外,还可能与地球质心的偏心和南、北半球自转速度的差异变化有关;4南极洲相对环南极洋脊的偏极分流运动还有待进一步研究。在以上认识的基础上,本文讨论了造成三大洋脊在全球表壳的分布、全球深俯冲带仅仅在环太平洋边缘带内发育、北半球和南半球的板块径向、纬向运动有整体性差异等问题的原因。造成上述现象是与地球整体的双重不对称性有关,即北、南半球和0°/180°半球的缩、胀和快、慢的双重非对称,而这种双重不对称性是地球内部物质的热状态、运动状态以及质量分布等原因造成的,我们认为以重力大地水准面所展现的低阶双重非对称的地球表壳,既是约束地幔流的上边界条件,又是引导表壳发育张裂带的力学条件,目前地球表面的这些一级构造因素并不是随意造成的,它们有着深刻的地球物理背景。本文还着重讨论了双重非对称畸形壳体的构造力学背景,根据GPS资料建立了地球热流驱动的地幔经、纬向一级对流格局。  相似文献   

5.
第四纪气候变化机制研究的进展与问题   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
自从20世纪50年代海洋沉积氧同位素记录被揭示以来,经典的陆地4次冰期理论被新的认识所取代,人们发现第四纪以来冰期—间冰期旋回远远不止4次,并且从深海沉积和陆地黄土获取的古气候变化记录与地球轨道参数变化可以对比,为揭示第四纪古气候变化机制构建了明确的框架。近年来有关末次冰期不稳定气候事件的揭示也为深入认识古气候变化特征提供了新的证据。然而冰期—间冰期旋回机制、南北半球在冰期—间冰期循环过程中的耦合机制以及气候不稳定事件发生机制仍然是困扰古气候研究者的重大问题。  相似文献   

6.
太阳活动与地球气候系统之间的关系一直是全球变化研究的热点,但是对于两者联系机制的认识仍存在不足。本文选取贵州董哥洞高分辨率和高精度定年的石笋氧同位素(δ18O)记录,探索近1 000年以来亚洲夏季风降水、北半球温度与太阳活动之间的关系,进而探讨亚洲夏季风的变化机制。通过功率谱和小波分析,发现太阳活动,北半球温度和亚洲季风变化均存在显著的准200年周期行为。进一步提取并函数拟和准200年周期信号,对比发现太阳活动和北半球温度变化呈现同相位联系,但与亚洲季风变化呈现反相位关系,这一结果也得到了交叉谱分析结果的支持。上述对比结果支持太阳辐射变化调控北半球温度变化的观点,同时,揭示了太阳活动影响亚洲季风变化的复杂性。地球气候系统内部驱动机制和人类活动影响有可能调节或者改变太阳辐射与亚洲季风之间的联系机制。随着人类活动加强,尤其是温室气体排放加剧,很有可能影响对流层径向温度梯度的变化,从而增加亚洲季风变化预测的不可预知性。   相似文献   

7.
钟嘉猷 《地质科学》2012,47(1):62-72
北纬30°构造形变带是地球形变最为活跃的区段,许多地震、电、磁等与地质演化有着直接或间接联系的"奇异现象"都发生在地球北纬20°~40°的环带上。研究表明,这主要与地球内部应力作用分布状态有关。地球作为一个球体(忽略球体的不规则性),在相对固定的旋转轴运动下,其内部应力分布形式,在南北半球的中纬度区(即20°~40°间)均为应力集中和应力转换区,使之成为地球上的"特殊地段",出现了各种物理与地质构造变迁现象。  相似文献   

8.
从水的漩涡出口向下排出到海洋和大气圈的气流的大回旋,地球旋转的影响处处都是明显的.如果地球不旋转,则水和风将循着直线运行,然而它们的路径却是曲线状的,在北半球向右,在南半球则向左.这种明显的力称之为科里奥利效应(Coriolis effect).这种偏差在低纬度处显得更大,因为它与运动物质的速度和纬度成比例.近来,塔克森的亚利桑那大学的约翰·萨姆纳提出地球地壳板块的运动和行星旋转一样也是歪斜的.为了支持在辛辛那提举行的美国地球物理联合会春季会议上提出的这种假设,萨姆纳引用了大量原始资料的观察结果,其中包括1978年收集的SEASAT资料数据绘制的一些地图.这些洋底地图展示出一些自南而  相似文献   

9.
大气、海洋与固体地球的能量交换   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
杨学祥 《世界地质》2004,23(1):28-34
通过对南极气温资料、南极臭氧资料、环南极海冰资料、太平洋海温资料、地球自转速度变化资料、厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜资料的模拟验证,发现厄尔尼诺事件发生与德雷克海峡海冰减少在时间上有一一对应关系。南极半岛海冰减少是太平洋环流速度减慢的原因,德雷克海峡的海冰起重要作用。大气、海洋与固体地球的角动量交换在南、北半球有不同的形式。强震起源于海平面振荡。  相似文献   

10.
全球变化科学的进展   总被引:39,自引:4,他引:39  
全球变化科学对揭示和理解人类赖以生存的地球系统运转的机制、变化规律及人类活动对地球表层环境系统的影响具有重要的意义。从深海氧同位素曲线的建立与米兰科维奇理论的发展、高分辨率冰芯记录的研究、短周期气候变化、突变事件的发现、南北半球古气候对比的研究以及我国学者对过去全球变化研究的贡献等角度论述了地球环境变化历史的研究进展;并在对温室效应和全球气候变暖、臭氧洞、土地利用和土地覆盖的变化以及水资源等研究和现代观测资料分析的基础上,阐述了人类活动对地球环境的影响;提出了当前全球变化科学研究的发展趋势以及在新世纪全球变化科学所面临的挑战。  相似文献   

11.
地球系统多圈层构造观的基本内涵   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
地球系统多圈层构造观的基本点是,把地球作为一个活的天体放在宇宙系统之中,更多地考虑地球深部壳-幔-核之间的相互作用,考虑地外天体对地球运动的作用和影响。这一构造观认为:构造运动并不仅仅是岩石圈板块之间的相互作用,而是地球系统的全球动力作用过程;陆与洋是对立统一相互转化的,单纯的大陆增生说是不正确的;地幔对流说至今未被证实,陆块是活动的,但不能大规模漂移;大陆地壳不是单纯地侧向或垂向增生,而是多旋回构造-岩浆作用叠合的产物;地球的构造不是均变式向前发展,而是非均变、非线性、旋回式向前演化的;地球表层在不同地史阶段,均有其受相应深断裂体系控制的不同的构造格局,大西洋-印度洋-太平洋式大洋盆体制,只是在中生代晚期以来才出现的。   相似文献   

12.
中国各大陆块在寒武纪全球构造中的位置及意义   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
者根据近年来所获的古地磁数据及板块构造的研究成果,对中国各大陆块在寒武纪全球构造中的位置进行了再造。笔者认为寒武纪全球存在三大洋、四大陆域。其中,中国大陆中的扬子、塔里木、柴达木等均属冈瓦纳大陆域,华北陆块则属介于冈瓦纳与劳亚两个大陆域之间的一个中间陆块。且当时华北与扬子两陆块的南、北位置与现在的位置正好相反。而介于二者之间的秦、祁古洋盆在当时是一个位于南半球赤道附近的径向洋。  相似文献   

13.
G. F. Ufimtsev 《GeoJournal》1991,25(4):359-366
The order in structure of planetary relief is characterized by the following symmetrical attitudes of forms: antisymmetry of the north and south hemisphere (polar antisymmetry), underlined by availability of antianalogical forms; symmetry of cone in the Laurasian continental massif in the north hemisphere; symmetry of axis of the 4th order in the south hemisphere. In the West Pacific region the summation of private dissymetries of planetary relief structure occurs. The Earth's equatorial belt has a system of sinistral oroclines. Symmetrical peculiarities of planetary relief structure may allow us to suppose that the main process of the Earth's development during the Post-Gondwanian epoc (middle-Jurassic-Cenozoic period) was anisotropic expansion, mainly in the south hemisphere. Other tectonic processes, including lithospheric plate displacements, occur simultaneously with the normal process of the Earth's expansion.  相似文献   

14.
大陆漂移的动力学模式和试验模拟结果   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于地球形成早期阶段固体内核和流体外核角动量交换关系,首先给出了描述大陆漂移的一个数学模型,然后从这一模型出发得到一个最简动力学模式。应用这一模式模拟了理想大陆板块的漂移和岛屿的形成,模拟结果可以解释一些实际地形和山脉的分布。   相似文献   

15.
地球公转轨道偏心率变化的构造运动响应   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
最近3Ma发生的主要构造运动和气候变化事件,在准0.4Ma周期上与地球轨道偏心率变化存在一致性。据黄土高原地层记录划分的构造气候旋回界限,日历年龄分别为0.07、0.46、0.83、1.32、1.70、2.08、2.74MaBP,对应于偏心率曲线波动幅度由大变小时段的特定转折位置。文中分析了地球公转运动变速的基本数据及其对地球自转运动和圈层相互作用的可能影响,探讨了轨道偏心率变化对构造运动的驱动机制,并指出了构造气候旋回研究可为地质力学理论发展展示良好的前景。   相似文献   

16.
Models of the volume of continental crust through Earth history vary significantly due to a range of assumptions and data sets; estimates for 3 Ga range from <10% to >120% of present day volume. We argue that continental area and thickness varied independently and increased at different rates and over different periods, in response to different tectonic processes, through Earth history. Crustal area increased steadily on a pre-plate tectonic Earth, prior to ca. 3 Ga. By 3 Ga the area of continental crust appears to have reached a dynamic equilibrium of around 40% of the Earth's surface, and this was maintained in the plate tectonic world throughout the last 3 billion years. New continental crust was relatively thin and mafic from ca. 4–3 Ga but started to increase substantially with the inferred onset of plate tectonics at ca. 3 Ga, which also led to the sustained development of Earth's bimodal hypsometry. Integration of thickness and area data suggests continental volume increased from 4.5 Ga to 1.8 Ga, and that it remained relatively constant through Earth's middle age (1.8–0.8 Ga). Since the Neoproterozoic, the estimated crustal thickness, and by implication the volume of the continental crust, appears to have decreased by as much as 15%. This decrease indicates that crust was destroyed more rapidly than it was generated. This is perhaps associated with the commencement of cold subduction, represented by low dT/dP metamorphic assemblages, resulting in higher rates of destruction of the continental crust through increased sediment subduction and subduction erosion.  相似文献   

17.
关于秦岭造山带   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
纪念老一代地球科学家李四光先生,思考地球科学与大地构造学的创新发展。文章以秦岭造山带为例思考大陆复合造山及其动力学,认知概括秦岭造山带基本属性与特质,探索认识中小多板块多期洋陆俯冲造山-陆-陆板块俯冲碰撞造山的板块复合造山,并又强烈叠加复合陆内造山,造成复杂组成与结构,形成立交桥式四维流变学分层的多层非耦合动态演化的大陆复合造山带模型,及其新的演化趋势动态和构成国家人类需求的成矿成藏物质财富与宜居的地表系统环境等,期望前瞻探索认知地球发展的未来。文章还就秦岭造山带几个有争议的问题,进行简要讨论,共求新的探索研究发展。期盼学习李四光先生学术理论精华,尤其在深化发展板块构造,探索认知大陆构造与动力学方面,创新发展地质力学,以宇宙太阳系视野探索地球动力学,推动大地构造新发展。   相似文献   

18.
Using the theory of plate tectonics and a concept of climate analogs, the paper speculates that a monsoon type of climate with warm and wet summer and cold and dry winter might have first appeared over the northern part of India when during its northward drift across the Tethys Ocean (now the Indian Ocean) it was located over the subtropical belt of the southern hemisphere some 60 million years before present (BP). The monsoon climate gradually evolved and extended to other parts of India as the Indian plate after crossing the equator about SO million years BP moved further northward and collided against the north Asian plate giving rise to the Himalayas along the northern boundary of India some 40 million years BP. Recent studies suggest that despite short and long period fluctuations, no major secular change or trend has taken place in the monsoon climate of India since then.  相似文献   

19.
铀钍的地球化学及对地壳演化和生物进化的影响   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
本文论述了在含挥发份和贫挥发份条件下U、Th的迁移行为及其对地球和行星演化的影响,并阐述了造成地球独特地质演化历史的原因。提出了U、Th在地球中的迁移模式以及该模式对地壳形成、演化的控制作用和对生物发展演化的可能影响。  相似文献   

20.
The Earth's stress field is composed of 4 sub-fields that are induced by
  1. the gravitational force (impacts, etc; geodynamic theories on the expansion or contraction of the globe);
  2. the centrifugal force of the spinning Earth (models on continental drift explaining the equatorial Alpine-Himalayan collisional mountain belt and longitudinally orientated rifts or oceans);
  3. thermal convection (plate tectonic model);
  4. tidal forces (extended plate tectonic model).
A standard global stress field results from a combination of these four sub-stress-fields. From the existence of six otherwise inexplicable geodynamic phenomena, it has to be concluded that the standard global stress field of the present can only be an instantaneous (still) photograph of a field that constantly migrates eastwards relative to the Earth's continents. This disclosure can be explained with an extended plate tectonic model, in which the Earth's surface is subdivided by the circum-Pacific ring of subduction zones, into a Pacific area and a continental or Pangaea area with intra-Pangaea oceans (Atlantic, Indian Ocean, etc.). The Pangaea area in turn is subdivided into a North Pangaea area and a South Pangaea area. Due to the off-centre rotation of the spinning Earth around the gravitational centre of the Earth-Moon (-Sun) system (tidal forces), the lower mantle, the Pacific basin, area or state (Pacific crust = lower mantle?), the remaining states that together with the Pacific state compose the Wilson Cycle of ocean opening and closing (Rift/Red Sea state, Atlantic state, Pacific state, Collision/Himalayas state), the ocean sequence of which is permanently arranged from E to W through 360° around the globe, and the standard global stress field as an expression of the Wilson Cycle, are constantly displaced eastwards relative to the upper mantle, the continents or the North and South Pangaea areas with Intra-Pangaea oceans, completing one full turn around the globe in 200 to 250 my (principle of hypocycloid gearing). The continents migrate westwards around the globe and around the Pacific basin in the N and S hemispheres, through sequences of plate tectonic settings of the Oceanic or Wilson Cycle that possess distinct regional stress fields as parts of the standars global stress field, or else the continents are subjected to eastward migrating sequences of settings with distinct regional stress fields as parts of the Wilson Cycle/standard global stress field. By rotations and N-S migrations of the individual continents dissected in all directions by groups of parallel structural planes (fracture systems) through the standard global stress field, the orientation of which is aligned with the spinning Earth's axis and equator and that constantly migrates eastwards relative to the continents, the amount and nature of stress (compression, tension, shearing) a given fracture system is subjected to is constantly altered and the tectonic activity may gradually be transferred from the system under consideration to another fracture system, with slightly different strike directions. Every 400 to 500 my or each Pangaea Cycle (two complete W-E/E-W displacements around the globe between the continents/Pangaea areas with Intra-Pangaea Oceans/upper mantle on the one side and the lower mantle/Pacific basin/ sequence of ocean states and local stress fields of the Wilson Cycle and the standard global stress field on the other) the inhomogeneous standard global stress field is reversed in the N-S direction. Any model proposing the long-time existence of extended lineaments or fracture systems that do not end at the margin of the respective continent or at an orogen/suture zone/former continental margin, in the event of being older than the respective orogenesis, but which cross the surrounding ocean or the younger orogen and continue in the neighbouring continents or former independent continents or even encompass the whole globe, and which puts foreward simultaneous tectonic activity along the whole length of such lineament or fracture system and proposes their longevity or permanent existence, contradicts the physical laws that are the foundation of plate tectonics and mobilism.  相似文献   

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