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1.
鄂尔多斯盆地东胜铀矿床成矿特征与成矿模式 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
东胜铀矿床产于中侏罗统直罗组下段的辫状河道沉积砂体中,铀矿体受灰色砂岩与灰绿色砂岩的接触带控制。灰绿色砂岩的化学成分中硅酸盐矿物二价铁含量高是该类型砂岩呈现绿色的重要原因。在矿物组成上,灰绿色砂岩主要表现为粘土矿物总量高,特别是绿泥石含量高。岩石学、矿物学和地球化学的证据表明,东胜铀矿区存在后生还原作用。灰绿色砂岩是控矿的古氧化岩石遭受还原性流体改造的产物,后生还原作用掩盖了古氧化蚀变带,并在一定程度上起到了保矿作用。东胜地区后生还原作用在时间上和成因上与河套断陷盆地的产生和形成具有密切联系。铀在矿石中主要呈铀矿物和吸附形式存在。通过电子探针和X射线粉晶分析鉴定,确定东胜铀矿床矿石中的主要铀矿物为铀石,并含有少量钛铀矿和沥青铀矿。富矿石样品中铀石单矿物的铀铅同位素年龄集中分布于20~10 Ma之间。通过研究,建立了鄂尔多斯盆地东胜铀矿床的“多阶段铀成矿模式”,即“成岩期预富集层间渗入成矿再改造富集油气还原保护”的多阶段、多成因流体长期富集改造的铀成矿模式。 相似文献
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东胜砂岩型铀矿床特殊性讨论 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
东胜砂岩型铀矿床具有诸多与国内外砂岩型铀矿床不同的地质现象，文章通过对该矿床的成矿地质环境、矿床地质特征和主要控矿因素等与国内外砂岩型铀矿床的对比分析，认为东胜砂岩型铀矿床经历了预富集阶段、古层间氧化作用阶段和油气后生还原作用阶段而形成的古层间氧化带型铀矿床，油气活动在铀成矿作用过程中具有提供铀源和还原剂的双重作用，在矿床形成后的后生还原作用对岩石地球化学环境进行了彻底改造，断裂构造对矿床的空间定位起到了至关重要的作用，属砂岩型铀矿床新类型。 相似文献
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东胜砂岩型铀矿床中烃类流体与成矿关系研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
东胜砂岩型铀矿床定位于灰绿色岩石与灰色岩石的接触部位,主要受古层间氧化带控制.矿体以板状为主.铀主要以铀矿物和吸附铀形式存在.铀矿物主要为铀石, UO2含量为 46.72%～ 74.60%.吸附铀及 U6 、U4 在铀矿床的不同地段所占比例存在明显差别.该铀矿床与世界上其他砂岩型铀矿床在成因上具有明显的不同,表现在矿床特征、岩石地球化学环境及控矿因素等方面具有很强的特殊性.晚侏罗世-早白垩世的构造热事件形成的含烃热流体参与了成矿作用,不仅为铀的活化、迁移、富集提供了有利条件,而且使铀矿床完全隐伏在还原环境中,对矿床的保存起到了重要作用.由烃类流体产生的后生还原作用所形成的灰绿色砂岩可作为铀矿床的岩石地球化学勘查标志. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地东北部东胜铀矿床古层间氧化带精细解剖 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
鄂尔多斯盆地东北部的东胜铀矿床是一个古砂岩型铀矿床。由于二次还原作用,古层间氧化带呈现为特殊的绿色或浅绿色。大量的钻探和精细解剖发现,研究区的古层间氧化带具有明显的分带性,完全氧化带主要发育于河道上游,还原带主要位于河道下游,过渡带位于二者之间。河道砂体中沉积韵律的迅速变化既可以控制区域性的古层间氧化带前锋线的发育部位,也可以导致古层间氧化带出现多卷头现象。铀矿体主要形成于古层间氧化带前锋线附近的过渡带中。但是,当完全氧化带中出现残留的、原始的灰色还原带时也可以出现铀矿化。研究认为,对古层间氧化带前锋线产出位置的不断修正,是扩大东胜铀矿床规模、预测富铀矿体产出部位的有效手段。而河道砂体沉积韵律或沉积微相发生明显变化、灰色砂岩与绿色砂岩接触、铀异常扩散晕发育等现象的出现,都是寻找富铀矿体的标志。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地东北部是我国重要的砂岩型铀矿成矿带之一,蕴藏着丰富的铀资源。通过研究发现,区内铀矿床与古层间氧化带具有非常紧密的联系。通过对纳岭沟、大营铀矿床直罗组下段古层间氧化带中各后生蚀变砂岩与原生砂岩的物质成分及地球化学指标的研究,发现绿色砂岩与灰色砂岩在物质成分上的主要区别体现在黏土矿物、方解石及黄铁矿含量上,并且不同蚀变类型砂岩具有其各自的地球化学指标特点。基于对古层间氧化带中各后生蚀变的研究,初步探讨了古层间氧化带的形成机制。这一成果为深化本区铀成矿机理、建立区域铀成矿模式提供了重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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宁安盆地501矿点铀矿化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宁安盆地501矿点是1960年代末期提交的小型砂岩型铀矿。该矿点主要产于砂砾岩、砂岩中,以产次生铀酰矿物为主;近年来的研究表明,它是一种特殊的基底古河谷型砂岩铀矿,其形成后遭受了强烈的后生氧化改造,次生铀酰矿物是铀矿床或铀矿体的地表氧化带产物。运用地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿理论,对501矿点地质特征、铀矿化特征进行了论述,认为铀矿化赋存于辫状河沉积体系中,与原始沉积灰色层、潜水氧化带等关系密切。 相似文献
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东胜砂岩型铀矿床低温热液流体的证据及意义 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
东胜地区砂岩型铀矿床是近年来发现的大型砂岩型铀矿床。笔者首次发现了低温热液流体成矿作用的证据：矿体中有后生的钛铀矿和锐钛矿组合。矿石流体包裹体均一温度为58～176℃，平均114．9℃。研究表明，鄂尔多斯盆地在中晚侏罗世-白垩纪发生过显著的构造热事件，造成砂岩型铀矿含矿层之下产生大量的微裂隙与裂隙带的出现，导致下部热液流体向上运移。低温热液流体的成矿作用是形成东胜铀矿床的重要因素。 相似文献
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东胜砂岩型铀矿微量元素地球化学特征初探 总被引：37，自引：0，他引：37
近年来，鄂尔多斯盆地在石油和天然气勘查取得重大进展的同时，在盆地北部东胜地区也发现了可地浸砂岩型铀矿床，标志着我国地浸砂岩型铀矿勘查取得了重要突破。从微量元素地球化学入手，初步总结了东胜地区砂岩型铀矿的微量元素地球化学特征，与新疆伊犁和中亚典型的层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿进行了对比，分析探讨了铀成矿作用，认为东胜砂岩型铀矿成矿作用虽与氧化还原过渡带有关，也具外生和深源双重性质的微量元素组合，不同于单一的外生水成层阃氧化带型砂岩铀矿，铀成矿过程中有深部物质和含煤层气或油气流体参与。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地东北部砂岩型铀矿是我国典型的古层间氧化带铀矿床,目前已发现的大营铀矿主要位于中侏罗统直罗组下段上亚段,受层间氧化带和氧化带前锋线控制。笔者通过对大营砂岩型铀矿沉积特征、矿化特征以及层间氧化带发育特征进行分析,结果表明成矿过程中各种主要化学成分及地化指标的变化主要受成岩作用、水-岩作用和油气二次还原作用等的影响。大营砂岩型铀矿主要受沉积建造和古层间氧化带的控制,铀矿化主要位于辫状河道中-厚层砂体夹持的、相对薄的砂体中,以及曲流河道的边缘。绿色蚀变与正常灰色砂岩的接触线区域,也是砂岩型铀矿的主要富集地带。 相似文献
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罗梅 《物探化探计算技术》1996,(Z1)
中亚地区发现大量可地浸砂岩型铀矿床引起了我国的重视，目前正在积极开展此类型铀矿的找矿工作。我国北西部是寻找类似中亚地区层间氧化带后生地浸砂岩型铀矿床最理想的地区，本文在论述了区城大地构造特征、地壳演化与区域铀成矿带形成的基础上，着重阐明了区域中新生代盆地地浸砂岩型铀矿床形成的铀源条件、盆地类型与结构及富铀性对形成地浸砂岩型铀矿的影响；并以区内已有层间氧化带地浸砂岩型铀矿床为例（伊犁盆地、二连盆地与测老庙盆地砂岩型铀矿床），论述了盆地砂岩型铀矿床形成的岩相古地理条件、水文地质与层间氧化带发育条件及对铀成矿的影响；并阐述了本区层间氧化带地浸砂岩型铀矿床的分布规律。 相似文献
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根据新提供的Pb同位素组成及岩石地球化学研究成果，本文进一步证实了位于北秦岭北界的明港地区发育的早中生代安山玄武质火山角砾岩岩筒所携带的下地壳捕虏体属于南秦岭。所恢复的南秦岭下地壳剖面自下而上为：底侵成因的变辉长岩-基性麻粒岩(其中含有榴辉岩及辉石岩的透镜体)-酸性麻粒岩。秦岭造山带总体的岩石因模型为：南秦岭(扬子块体)向北拆离俯冲，北秦岭地壳向华北仰冲，华北岩石因呈楔状插入秦岭造山带，拆离面约在中、下地壳之间。南秦岭俯冲岩片延伸的范围在平面上有可能达到400km。 相似文献
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青藏高原综合观测研究站的回顾与展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中国科学院青藏高原综合观测研究站从１９８８年建站到１９９８年以来,在各个方面均取得了长足的发展,横向生产性项目的开展和完成不仅解决了部队和地方的实际问题,而且缓和了观测研究站在运行过程中所面临的经费严重不足的问题,同时也为我所冻土专业研究人员提供了在生产中实践的机会,在基础理论研究方面,承担了国家攀登计划项目,国家基金项目,中国科学院重点项目和中国科学院冰冻圈专项项目等的研究工作,在多年冻土变化, 相似文献
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E. M. Korobova 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(13):1205-1282
In his last lifetime essay, “A Few Words about the Noosphere”, Academician V.I. Vernadsky (1944) wrote that all living organisms on the planet, including man, are integral to the biosphere of the Earth, its material and energy structure and cannot be physically independent of it even for a minute. However, the substrate that generates all living beings and is no less tightly bound to the biosphere has always been characterized by a significant geochemical heterogeneity, traced both in the vertical and in the lateral structure of all geospheres.
The present work is devoted to three most important aspects of modern geochemistry and biogeochemistry:
On the basis of theoretical concepts of biogeochemistry and geochemical ecology, formulated in the works of V.I. Vernadsky, A.P. Vinogradov, A.E. Fersman, B.B. Polynov, A.I. Perel’man, M.A. Glazovskaya, V.V. Kovalsky, E. Odum, B. Commoner, E.I. Kolchinskii and others, the author puts forward a hypothesis that there exist two qualitatively different stages in the evolution of the biosphere.The first stage is recognized as the period of natural evolution of the biosphere during which it evolves successively into a more complex and more biogeochemically specialized object. In the course of the geological time, this constantly results, on the one hand, in an increase in species diversity and the perfection of individual species, and, on the other hand, to directed improvement and a greater differentiation of the geochemical conditions of the environment. At this stage, the evolution of all systems of the biosphere that were controlled by the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation resulted in the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium, which was responsible for the cycling of all essential chemical elements and therefore providing ecologically optimal geochemical conditions in all ecological niches and for all species and biocenoses inhabiting the biosphere at any given moment.The beginning of the second stage is related to the appearance of reason and qualitative changes in the biosphere caused by the goal-directed activity of the human mind, as an entirely new geological force that appeared to be able not only to disrupt the functioning of natural mechanisms of self-regulation and selforganization, but also to transform the environment in the intersts of a single biological species, Homo sapiens. A direct consequence of this change was the uncontrolled transformation of the natural environment, during which the primary structure (geochemical background) created in the course of billions of years was eventually superimposed by a qualitatively new layer of anthropogenically-derived chemical elements and compounds, thus building an interference pattern of a new geochemical field with which practically all modern living organisms are now forced to interact.An outstanding feature of the new evolutionary stage of the natural environment, called by Vernadsky the noosphere, is that biogeochemical changes at this stage proceed at a rate which exceeds that required for the living matter to adapt to these changes. The result is the disruption of the existing parameters of the biological cycle, leading to the emergence of a significant number of endemic diseases of geochemical nature.The proposed approach was used to prove the anthropogenic genesis of existing geochemical endemic diseases and explain the mechanisms of their appearance. In addition, this approach allowed us to develop a new methodology for mapping zones of ecological and geochemical risk and noticeably simplify the procedure of monitoring distribution and prevention of all diseases of geochemical nature. 相似文献
- — evolution of the ecological and geochemical state of the environment under conditions of a virgin (anthropogenically untouched) biosphere;
- — structural features of the geochemical organization of the modern noosphere;
- — specificity of the interaction of living matter with the environment under increasing anthropogenic load.
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铀钍的地球化学及对地壳演化和生物进化的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
本文论述了在含挥发份和贫挥发份条件下Ｕ、Ｔｈ的迁移行为及其对地球和行星演化的影响,并阐述了造成地球独特地质演化历史的原因。提出了Ｕ、Ｔｈ在地球中的迁移模式以及该模式对地壳形成、演化的控制作用和对生物发展演化的可能影响。 相似文献
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The experimental variogram computed in the usual way by the method of moments and the Haar wavelet transform are similar in that they filter data and yield informative summaries that may be interpreted. The variogram filters out constant values; wavelets can filter variation at several spatial scales and thereby provide a richer repertoire for analysis and demand no assumptions other than that of finite variance. This paper compares the two functions, identifying that part of the Haar wavelet transform that gives it its advantages. It goes on to show that the generalized variogram of order k=1, 2, and 3 filters linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials from the data, respectively, which correspond with more complex wavelets in Daubechies's family. The additional filter coefficients of the latter can reveal features of the data that are not evident in its usual form. Three examples in which data recorded at regular intervals on transects are analyzed illustrate the extended form of the variogram. The apparent periodicity of gilgais in Australia seems to be accentuated as filter coefficients are added, but otherwise the analysis provides no new insight. Analysis of hyerpsectral data with a strong linear trend showed that the wavelet-based variograms filtered it out. Adding filter coefficients in the analysis of the topsoil across the Jurassic scarplands of England changed the upper bound of the variogram; it then resembled the within-class variogram computed by the method of moments. To elucidate these results, we simulated several series of data to represent a random process with values fluctuating about a mean, data with long-range linear trend, data with local trend, and data with stepped transitions. The results suggest that the wavelet variogram can filter out the effects of long-range trend, but not local trend, and of transitions from one class to another, as across boundaries. 相似文献
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N. P. Laverov L. I. Lobkovsky M. V. Kononov N. L. Dobretsov V. A. Vernikovsky S. D. Sokolov E. V. Shipilov 《Geotectonics》2013,47(1):1-30
The tectonic evolution of the Arctic Region in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic is considered with allowance for the Paleozoic stage of evolution of the ancient Arctida continent. A new geodynamic model of the evolution of the Arctic is based on the idea of the development of upper mantle convection beneath the continent caused by subduction of the Pacific lithosphere under the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates. The structure of the Amerasia and Eurasia basins of the Arctic is shown to have formed progressively due to destruction of the ancient Arctida continent, a retained fragment of which comprises the structural units of the central segment of the Arctic Ocean, including the Lomonosov Ridge, the Alpha-Mendeleev Rise, and the Podvodnikov and Makarov basins. The proposed model is considered to be a scientific substantiation of the updated Russian territorial claim to the UN Commission on the determination of the Limits of the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Region. 相似文献
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B. K. Maloney 《GeoJournal》1993,31(4):355-362
While botanists, archaeologists, historians and linguists have contributed to the debate on the origin of the coconut pollen analysts have been silent. This article attempts to integrate the results of recent palaeoecological research with findings from the other disciplines. 相似文献