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新疆维吾尔自治区阿图什市木吉地区邻近帕米尔,是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞挤压应力最集中的地区,地层变质和变形强烈,研究基础薄弱。木吉群由变质砂岩、板岩、千枚岩、石英岩、钙质石英岩、变粒岩、二云石英片岩、大理岩等组成,一直未发现任何化石。最近,笔者在木吉乡的喀拉足克沟和阿拉木陶沟的粉砂岩、钙质粉砂岩中发现了一些植物管胞片和孢粉化石:Gran-ulatisporites sp.,Cycloranisporites sp.,Verrucosisporites sp.,Pityosporites sp.,Punetatosporites sp.,Leiotriletes sp.,Apicu-latisporites sp.,Platysaccus sp.,Cycodopites sp.等。从地层接触关系和孢粉化石的整体面貌看,木吉地区含上述孢粉化石的木吉群的时代可能为泥盆纪—石炭纪。 相似文献
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西藏措勤县雄玛地区始新统林子宗群帕那组
火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
西藏措勤县雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩大地构造位置位于冈底斯—念青唐古拉山板片,地层分区上属于冈底斯地层区、隆格尔—南木林地层分区。岩性主要为一套以浅灰色、灰绿色流纹质凝灰岩为主,夹浅黄绿色、灰绿色流纹岩及英安岩、火山角砾岩、杂砂岩及砾岩的岩石组合。之下与永珠组和拉嘎组呈喷发不整合接触。岩石地球化学特征表明该火山岩系属过铝质的高钾钙碱性—亚碱性系列,稀土元素地球化学中轻稀土元素明显富集,微量元素中大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th、U、LREE)富集,高场强元素(Nb、P、Ti)亏损。以上特征说明雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩岩浆源于陆壳重熔,属与俯冲造山有关的陆相火山岩,同时又兼具陆—陆碰撞的特点。推测帕那组火山岩形成于新特提斯洋壳俯冲基本结束,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞开始的构造背景下,年龄大概在38Ma左右,为始新世晚期。 相似文献
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Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns. 相似文献
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藏北羌塘丁固—加措地区康托组的时代 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
自西藏区域地质调查大队创建康托组以来,康托组岩石地层单位广泛应用于羌塘地区,普遍认为其时代为新近纪.笔者于丁固-加措地区的康托组地层中采获古近纪轮藻化石Obtusocharat sp.,O.lanpingenis,Gyrogona qinajiangica和部分孢粉化石,并在康托组底部安山岩中获K-Ar年龄65.1～66.5Ma.上述轮藻组合与同位素年龄指示的地层时代为古新世-始新世,据此将测区康托组的时代确定为古近纪.由于测区康托组之上被唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组角度不整合覆盖,因此康托组时代的确定不仅进一步完善了测区新生代地层系统,还指示测区在康托组与唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组之间发生了一次强烈的构造运动. 相似文献
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Summary The Middle Proterozoic Faraday Metagabbro in the Bancroft area of eastern Ontario has been subjected to syn-orogenic textural and mineralogical modifications resulting in the formation of scapolite-bearing metagabbro and gabbroic blastomylonite assemblages. The elemental flux during cryptic and overt scapolitization has been calculated usingGresens general metasomatic equation which applies corrections for density and volume changes during alteration. Metasomatic variation diagrams using analyses from two primary gabbros and six altered rocks indicate that Na, K, Cl, Li, Rb, and Ba are the principal introduced elements and that Cu and S were removed. These changes are very similar to those involved in the formation of metasomatic nepheline-bearing rocks elsewhere in the district and, furthermore, nephelinization and scapolitization were broadly coincident in time and space. It is concluded that the nephelin- and scapolite-bearing rocks and their cryptic facies are different manifestations of the same metasomatic agent and that the source of the fluids was a possible horizon of evaporitic sediments within the country rocks in which the gabbro was emplaced.
With 3 Figures 相似文献
Metasomatose im Faraday-Metagabbro, Bancroft, Ontario, Kanada
Zusammenfassung Der Mittel-proterozoische Faraday-Gabbro in der Umgebung von Bancroft (Ost-Ontario) erfuhr synorogene Veränderungen in Textur und Mineralogie, die zur Bildung skapolit-haltiger Metagabbros und gabbroider Blastomylonite führten. Die während kryptischer und offener Skapolitisierung stattfindende Elementtransport wurde mit Hilfe der vonGresens entwickelten generellen metasomatischen Gleichung errechnet; Korrekturen für Varänderungen in spezifischer Dichte und Volumen wurden angebracht. Metasomatische Variationsdiagramme basierend auf Analysen an zwei primären Gabbros und sechs modifizierten Gesteinen zeigen, daß Na, K, Cl, Li, Rb und Ba die hauptsächlich zugeführten Elemente darstellen, und daß Cu-und S-Konzentrationen abgebaut wurden. Diese Veränderungen sind vergleichbar mit solchen, wie sie bei der Bildung metasomatischer, Nephelin-haltiger Gesteine erkannt wurden. Außerdem fallen Nephelinisierung und Skapolitisierung zeitlich und räumlich in etwa zusammen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß Nephelin- und Skapolit-haltige Gesteine und deren kryptische Phasen durch den gleichen metasomatischen Prozeß entstanden sind, und daß die Herkunft der umwandelnden Lösungen möglicherweise in evaporitischen Sedimenten zu suchen ist, in die der Gabbro intrudierte.
With 3 Figures 相似文献
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Modeling runoff and soil erosion in a catchment area, using the GIS, in the Himalayan region, India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Remote sensing data and GIS techniques have been used to compute runoff and soil erosion in the catchment area along the NH-1A between Udhampur and Kud covering an area of approximately 181 km2. Different thematic layers, for example lithology, a landuse and landcover map, geomorphology, a slope map, and a soil-texture map, were generated from these input data. By use of the US Soil Conservation Service curve number method, estimated runoff potential was classified into five levels—very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. Data integration was performed by use of the weighting rating technique, a conventional qualitative method, to give a runoff potential index value. The runoff potential index values were used to delineate the runoff potential zones, namely low, moderate, high, and very high. Annual spatial soil loss estimation was computed using the Morgan–Morgan–Finney mathematical model in conjunction with remote sensing data and GIS techniques. Greater soil erosion was found to occur in the northwestern part of the catchment area. When average soil loss from the catchment area was calculated it was found that a maximum average soil loss of more than 20 t ha−1 occurred in 31 km2 of the catchment area. 相似文献
8.
A. A. Ariskin Yu. A. Kostitsyn E. G. Konnikov L. V. Danyushevsky S. Meffre G. S. Nikolaev A. McNeill E. V. Kislov D. A. Orsoev 《Geochemistry International》2013,51(11):859-875
The paper reports newly obtained data on the geochronology of the Dovyren intrusive complex and associated metarhyolites of the Inyaptuk Formation in the Synnyr Range. The data were obtained by local LA-ICPMS analysis of zircons in samples. The U-Pb age of olivine-free gabbronorite from near the roof of the Yoko-Dovyren Massif is 730 ± 6 Ma (MSWD = 1.7, n = 33, three samples) is close to the estimated age of 731 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, n = 56, five samples) of a 200-m-thick sill beneath the pluton. These data overlap the age of recrystallized hornfels found within the massif (“charnockitoid”, 723 ± 7 Ma, MSWD = 0.12, n = 10) and a dike of sulfidated gabbronorite below the bottom of the massif (725 ± 8 Ma, MSWD = 2.0, n = 15). The estimates are also consistent with the age of albite hornfels (721 ± 6 Ma, MSWD = 0.78, n = 12), which was produced in a low-temperature contact metamorphic facies of the host rocks. The average age of the Dovyren Complex is 728.4 ± 3.4 Ma (MSWD = 1.8, n = 99) based on data on the sill, near-roof gabbronorite, and “charnockitoid”) and is roughly 55 Ma older than the estimate of 673 ± 22 Ma (Sm-Nd; [13]). The U-Pb system of zircon in two quartz metaporphyre samples from the bottom portion of the Inyaptuk volcanic formation in the northeastern part of the Yoko-Dovyren Massif turns out to be disturbed. The scatter of the data points can be explained by the effect of two discrete events. The age of the first zircon population is then 729 ± 14 Ma (MSWD = 0.74, n = 8), and that of the second population is 667 ± 14 Ma (MSWD = 1.9, n = 13). The older value pertains to intrusive rocks of Dovyren, and the age of the “rejuvenated” zircon grains corresponds to the hydrothermal-metasomatic processes, which affected the whole volcano-plutonic sequence and involved the serpentinization of the hyperbasites. This is validated by the results of Rb-Sr isotopic studies with the partial acid leaching of two serpentinized peridotite samples from the Verblyud Sill. These studies date the overprinted processes at 659 ± 5 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, n = 3). 相似文献
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Study of the cross-stratification and other sedimentary structures in the Lower Greensand of the Weald, England, and Bas-Boulonnais, France, indicates that the sediments were deposited by the lateral migration of sand waves in a neritic sea. Comparison of the Lower Greensand sea with the modern North Sea was attempted. If those sediments were deposited as a result of tidal current similar to the present-day North Sea then the Lower Greensand shoreline could be deduced as running northwest-southeast, indication that the western part of the London Platform was submerged. 相似文献
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In the upper greenschist to granulite grade rocks of the Willyama Supergroup at Broken Hill, Australia, earlier recognition of metamorphosed graded bedding in siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks led to interpretations of these rocks as deep-water turbidites. However, graded beds can also be deposited in shelfal environments below storm wave base. This study identified other tempestite features including wave oscillation ripples, hummocky cross-stratification and swaley cross-stratification indicating that deposition took place above the wave base of the larger storms.
Albitised metasedimentary rocks of the upper Thackaringa Group show structures such as swaley cross-stratification typical of shallow-water conditions above fair-weather wave base. Deposition of the Broken Hill Group commenced with muddy Allendale Metasediments conformable on the Thackaringa Group. The Ettlewood Calc-Silicate Member, originally a dolomitic, siliceous sediment, is interpreted as coastal sabkha indicating onset of a marine transgression. The Parnell Gneiss represents a volcanic or volcaniclastic interruption, heralding gradually increasing input of sand in the Freyers Metasediments reaching a maximum in middle Freyers Metasediments, followed by an abrupt reversion to mud, still influenced by wave action. An open marine shelf is interpreted, possibly 30 m deep (no more than 100 m) in the final stage of a developing rift. The Broken Hill Group terminated with the massive Hores Gneiss volcanic unit.
Sedimentation of the siliciclastic Sundown Group took place in similar conditions, commencing with a muddy interval overlying the Hores Gneiss. The shallowing produced by ～90 m thickness of volcanic/volcaniclastic Hores Gneiss was compensated by subsidence.
Paragon Group deposition commenced with substantial black mud, resulting from isolation from the sand supply and probably isolation from the sea. A fresh connection to the sea led first to the deposition of dolomitic carbonate (King Gunnia Calc-Silicate Member), then to deposition of parallel-laminated fine sand below wave base (upper Cartwrights Creek Metasediments), followed by ripple cross-laminated sand above wave base (Bijerkerno Metasediments). The Dalnit Bore Metasediments show abundant very thin graded silt–mud units possibly deposited below storm wave base, and thicker units of stacked wave oscillation ripples deposited above the wave base of larger storms.
The Broken Hill orebody is hosted by altered Broken Hill Group metasedimentary rocks deposited at water depths of ～30 m. Unless the ore fluid temperature was less than 150°C, it is likely that the orebody formed below the seafloor: at such shallow-water depths, the confining pressure would be inadequate to suppress boiling of hotter rising hydrothermal fluids. 相似文献
11.
海南大坡岩体位于五指山褶皱带内,主要受昌江—琼海构造带、琼西构造带与潭爷断陷构造带控制.岩石地球化学及岩石学研究表明,大坡岩体形成于海西-印支晚期,岩性单一,主要为中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.岩体显示为Ⅰ型花岗岩与S型花岗岩的混合,主体以地壳物质部分熔融为主,形成过程有少量地幔物质加入.元素对的比值及稀土元素配分特征说明岩体钨锡等多金属含矿性可能较差. 相似文献
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The Kaalamo massif is located in the Northern Ladoga region, Karelia, on the extension of the Kotalahti Belt of Ni-bearing ultramafic intrusions in Finland. The massif, 1.89 Ga in age, is differentiated from pyroxenite to diorite. Nickel–copper sulfide mineralization with platinoids is related to the pyroxenite phase. The ore consists of two mineral types: (i) pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite and (ii) chalcopyrite, both enriched in PGE. Pd and Pt bismuthotellurides, as well as Pd and Pt tellurobismuthides, are represented by the following mineral species: kotulskite, sobolevskite, merenskyite, michenerite, moncheite, keithconnite, telluropalladinite; Pt and Pd sulfides comprise vysotskite, cooperite, braggite, palladium pentlandite, and some other rare phases. High-palladium minerals are contained in pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite ore. Native gold intergrown with kotulskite commonly contains microinclusions (1–3 μm) of Pd stannides: paolovite and atokite. Ore with 20–60% copper sulfides (0.2–6.0% Cu) contains 5.1–6.6 gpt PGE and up to 0.13–2.3 gpt Au. Pd minerals, arsenides and sulfoarsenides of Pt, Rh, Ir, Os, and Ru are identified as well. These are sperrylite, ruthenium platarsite, hollingworthite, and irarsite; silvery gold and paolovite have also been noted. All these minerals have been revealed in the massif for the first time. The paper also presents data on the compositions of 25 PGE minerals (PGM) from Kaalamo ores. 相似文献
13.
水淹坝岩溶内涝是安顺市西秀区发育最大范围的岩溶内涝,严重制约了当地经济发展。本文以岩溶地下水系统为单元,通过开展1:10000水文地质调查、地球物理勘探、水文地质钻探等手段,查明内涝所在区的岩溶发育特征、水文地质条件。在此基础上分析得出,水力坡度小、岩层倾角缓造成地下河管道淤塞;人类工程活动使有水落水洞口堵塞,加之广阔的集雨面积和连续的强降雨是造成水淹坝岩溶内涝的主要原因。通过对水淹坝内涝成因分析,为岩溶内涝灾害综合整治提供参考依据。 相似文献
14.
西藏阿里札达盆地上新统中犀类化石的发现及意义 总被引：9，自引：10，他引：9
首次在西藏阿里札达盆地上新世河湖相沉积地层中发现了犀类化石，对其基本特征进行了描述，初步鉴定为犀类额鼻角犀亚科第三庶骨化石，在同一层位中还采集了大量孢粉、微体古生物和植物化石。结合区域地质特征和产出犀类化石地层的沉积学特征等的分析，认为札达盆地上新世时代表着温暖湿润向寒冷潮湿-温和干旱的气候变化过程。这一发现有助于进一步认识青藏高原新近纪上新世的生物演化、气候变化和构造活动，为研究青藏高原新近纪以来的生物进化、湖泊与河流演化、气候变化．古地理与古环境变迁，以及新生代地层的划分对比等提供了新资料。 相似文献
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捕虏体麻粒岩是了解下地壳形成和演化的重要样品。汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中的二辉麻粒岩捕虏体样品中富含各种硫化物相,主要类型有:①孤立产出的球状出溶硫化物;②矿物颗粒之间或颗粒内的粗晶硫化物;③次生硫化物包裹体群;④裂隙充填硫化物。电子探针分析表明,硫化物的矿物成分均为贫镍磁黄铁矿,(Ni+Co+Cu)/Fe(原子比)远小于0.2;(Fe+Cu+Co+Ni)/S(原子比)比地幔岩的磁黄铁矿小,多小于0.875,反映了一种S过饱和环境。各种产状的磁黄铁矿中Au、Ag都有一定的含量,其平均值分别为0.19%～0.22%(Au)、0.01%～0.02%(Ag),反映下地壳的麻粒岩化与金矿化的成因联系。磁黄铁矿的Ni、Co、Cu含量与S正相关,说明微量重金属元素与S具有同源的关系,由于地幔去气伴随S而进入下地壳。 相似文献
17.
Compositional evolution in Ca-amphibole in the Karmutsen metabasites, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. TERABAYASHI 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1993,11(5):677-690
Abstract The 6-km-thick Karmutsen metabasites, exposed over much of Vancouver Island, were thermally metamorphosed by intrusions of Jurassic granodiorite and granite. Observations of about 800 thin sections from the Campbell River and Buttle Lake area show that the metabasites provide a complete succession of mineral assemblages ranging from the zeolite to pyroxene hornfels facies around the intrusion. The most important observations are as follows. (1) The compositional change of Ca-amphiboles with increasing metamorphic grade is not straightforward. The tremolite component decreases from the prehnite–actinolite facies to the greenschist facies with a compensating tschermak component increase, but the tendency is not clear thereafter. Instead, the edenite component increases from the amphibolite facies to the pyroxene hornfels facies. (2) The most pargasitic Ca-amphibole occurs in high-Fe2+/Mg metabasite from the greenschist/amphibolite transition zone. (3) The reasons for such irregular compositional trends, even in the rather uniform MORB-like composition of the Karmutsen metabasites, are non-ideal solid solutions of Ca-amphibole at low temperature and the effective control by bulk rock composition in the amphibolite facies. (4) The data from this study support, but do not prove, a transition loop for the actinolite–hornblende compositional gap rather than a solvus. If the gap is a solvus, its shape is asymmetric, and is highly dependent on the other compositional parameters such as Fe3+/Al and Fe2+/Mg. (5) The XNaA/XA±XAb) ratios between Ca-amphibole and plagioclase are most useful as an indicator of metamorphic grade even within the amphibolite facies, and these change systematically from 0.2 to 0.5 from the greenschist to pyroxene hornfels facies. (6) The compositional trend of Ca-amphibole from the Karmutsen metabasites indicates a typical low-P/T metamorphic facies series on a Rbk–Gln–Tr–Ts diagram. 相似文献
18.
The annual salt budget of the Zuari is examined. The characteristics of the estuary differ markedly from the low run off season
during November–May to the heavy run off period of the southwest monsoon from June to October. During November–May the estuary
is vertically mixed and the two processes controlling the transport of salt are run off induced advective transport out of
the estuary, and tidally induced diffusive transport into the estuary. The magnitude of the latter is about 20% larger, leading
to a salinity rise in the estuary. The diffusion coefficient has been estimated to be 233 ± 101 m2/sec. With the onset of the southwest monsoon, the run off increases dramatically, and the estuary loses about 75% of its
salt during the first two months of the season. About 2/3 of this loss is recovered in the next two months when the run off
decreases. Because the estuary is partially stratified during June–October, gravitational circulation is expected to play
a role in addition to tidal diffusion and run off. The magnitude of its contribution has, however, not yet been determined. 相似文献
19.
豫西栾川潭头盆地是一个晚白垩世—古近纪陆相沉积盆地,沉积了一套以红色碎屑岩为主的晚白垩世-古新世地层。本文以孢粉分析为主,综合区内古生物学、岩石学、沉积学等古气候标志,认为研究区高峪沟组下段沉积时期属半干旱的热带气候;上段下部沉积时期为半干旱半湿润的亚热带-热带气候;上段上部沉积时期为半湿润的亚热带气候。大章组底部沉积时期属半湿润的暖温带气候。根据区内古气候特征及化石资料分析认为,研究区K/E界线位于高峪沟组上段的上部与下部之间。 相似文献
20.
自西藏区域地质调查大队创建康托组以来,康托组岩石地层单位广泛应用于羌塘地区,普遍认为其时代为新近纪。笔者于丁固—加措地区的康托组地层中采获古近纪轮藻化石Obtusocharasp.,O.lanpingensis,Gyrogonaqinajiangica和部分孢粉化石,并在康托组底部安山岩中获K-Ar年龄65.1～66.5Ma。上述轮藻组合与同位素年龄指示的地层时代为古新世—始新世,据此将测区康托组的时代确定为古近纪。由于测区康托组之上被唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组角度不整合覆盖,因此康托组时代的确定不仅进一步完善了测区新生代地层系统,还指示测区在康托组与唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组之间发生了一次强烈的构造运动。 相似文献