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1.
基于GIS与ANN模型的地震滑坡易发性区划 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于遥感数据、地理信息系统(GIS)技术和人工神经网络(ANN)模型,开展地震滑坡易发性区划研究.2010年4月14日玉树地震后,基于航片与卫星影像目视解译,并辅以野外调查的方法,在地震区圈定了2036处地震诱发滑坡.选择高程、坡度、坡向、斜坡曲率、坡位、与水系距离、地层岩性、与断裂距离、与公路距离、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、与同震地表破裂距离、地震动峰值加速度(PGA)共12个因子作为地震滑坡易发性评价因子.这些因子均是应用GIS技术与遥感影像处理技术,基于地形数据、地质数据、遥感数据得到.训练样本中的滑动样本有两组,一组是滑坡区整个单滑坡体的质心位置,另一组是滑坡滑源区滑前的坡体高程最高的位置.应用这12个影响因子,分别采用这两组评价样本,基于ANN模型建立地震滑坡易发性索引图,基于GIS工具建立地震滑坡易发性分级图.分别应用训练样本中滑坡分布的点数据去检验各自的结果正确率,正确率分别为81.53％与81.29％,表明ANN模型是一种高效科学的地震滑坡易发性区划模型. 相似文献
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区域滑坡易发性研究对地质灾害风险管理具有重要意义.以往研究中,将多元统计模型与机器学习方法相结合用于滑坡易发性评价的研究较少.以三峡库区万州区为例,首先选取9种指标因子（坡度、坡向、剖面曲率、地表纹理、地层岩性、斜坡结构、地质构造、水系分布及土地利用类型）作为滑坡易发性评价指标.基于证据权模型（weights of evidence,WOE）计算得到的对比度和滑坡面积比与分级面积比的相对大小,对各指标因子进行状态分级;再利用粒子群法优化的BP神经网络模型（PSO-BP）得到各指标因子权重.综合两种模型确定的状态分级权重和指标因子权重（WOE-BP）计算滑坡易发性指数（landslide susceptibility index,LSI）,基于GIS平台得到全区滑坡易发性分区图.结果表明:水系、地层岩性和地质构造是影响万州区滑坡发育的主要指标因子;WOE-BP模型的预测精度为80.8%,优于WOE模型的73.1%和BP神经网络模型的71.6%,可为定量计算指标因子权重和优化滑坡易发性评价提供有效途径. 相似文献
3.
本文以三峡库区巫山县为研究区,利用收集的资料,提取出9类指标因子(高程、坡度、坡向、地形湿度指数TWI、地表粗糙度指数TRI、地层岩性、水系距离、构造距离、植被覆盖指数NDVI),利用相关性分析剔除高程因子。将灾害点和指标因子数据带入支持向量机(SVM)和人工神经网络(ANN)模型,得到研究区滑坡易发性区划图。根据ROC曲线对模型的精确度进行评价,得到SVM模型的成功率和预测率曲线的AUC值分别为0.919和0.862,ANN模型分别为0.86和0.837,表明两个模型均适用于研究区滑坡易发性评价。根据以上工作,本文提出了基于Max{LSI(SVM);LSI(ANN)}函数的SVM-ANN模型,并将其应用到该区的滑坡易发性评价中。SVM、ANN和SVM-ANN模型中,历史滑坡灾害点分布在高-极高易发区的比例分别为90.06%、83.18%和94.01%,表明SVM-ANN模型更适用于滑坡灾害风险分析的实际应用。 相似文献
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准确的滑坡易发性评价结果是滑坡风险评估的基础,对防灾减灾工作有着重要的意义。文章以雅安市为研究区,在野外地质调查的基础上,选取高程、坡度、坡向、平面曲率、剖面曲率、地形湿度指数、泥沙输运指数、径流强度指数、归一化植被指数、年均降雨量、地震动峰值加速度、地形起伏度、距断层距离、地层岩性、距河流距离、距道路距离等16个因子,构建研究区滑坡易发性评价指标体系,采用度神经网深络(DNN)模型进行滑坡易发性评价,根据易发性指数将研究区划分为极高易发区(12.2%)、高易发区(7.0%)、中易发区(9.8%)、低易发区(17.0%)、极低易发区(54.1%)五个等级,并与人工神经网络(ANN)模型进行对比,用ROC曲线的AUC值进行精度检验。结果表明,DNN模型的评价精度AUC(0.99)大于ANN(0.96)模型。因此,相比ANN模型,DNN模型在该研究区有着更好的拟合能力和预测能力,滑坡极高和高易发区主要分布于雅安市人类工程活动强烈的低海拔地区,沿着道路和水系分布,距道路距离、高程、年均降雨量是影响雅安滑坡发育的主要影响因子。 相似文献
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基于GIS的概率比率模型的滑坡易发性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中国1∶50万区域环境地质调查(以地质灾害为主)、700个县(市)地质灾害调查与区划调查等(成果)资料为基础,选取地形起伏度、地貌类型、工程地质岩组、地震动峰值加速度、年平均降雨量、土地利用程度综合指数6个评价因子,采用概率比率模型,1 km×1 km评价单元,计算得到全国滑坡易发性评价指数图,并验证了结果的可靠性。进行了易发程度分区,最终得到高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不易发区4个分区,完成了全国滑坡易发程度分区图。研究表明,概率比率模型方法可以客观、定量地评价滑坡易发性,适用于大区域易发性评价。 相似文献
6.
《地质科技情报》2020,(3)
不同的易发性评价模型可以得到有差异的滑坡空间预测结果,选取最优模型甚至综合各模型的优势是提高易发性评价精度的有效方法。为检验模型融合思路的有效性,以鄂西地区五峰县渔洋关镇为研究区,提取坡度、地层、断层、河流、公路等7个滑坡成因条件,分别采用信息量模型、证据权模型和频率比模型进行滑坡易发性评价;并将3种模型分别进行归一化、主成分分析(PCA,Principal component analysis)和优势融合,得到了6幅易发性分区图。结果表明:优势耦合模型精度最高(90.3%),频率比模型次之(89.7%),归一化融合模型和PCA融合模型分别为89.3%和89.1%,以上4种结果的精度均高于证据权模型(87.7%)和信息量模型(87.6%);6幅预测图对应的评价结论与历史滑坡空间分布的实际情况相符。空间一致性对比结论表明,主成分融合模型与优势耦合模型的同格率高达68%,其预测结果避免了单个模型预测结论带来的偶然性和片面性,说明多模型融合方法与优势耦合模型在提高滑坡易发性预测精度上是可行性的,该思路对其他地区滑坡灾害易发性评价具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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准确的滑坡易发性评价结果是滑坡风险评价的重要基础.为提升滑坡易发性评价精度，以三峡库区龙驹坝为例，选取坡度等10个因子构建滑坡易发性评价指标体系，应用频率比方法定量分析各指标与滑坡发育的关系.在此基础上，随机选取70%/30%的滑坡数据作为训练/测试样本，应用径向基神经网络和Adaboost集成学习耦合模型(RBNN-Adaboost)，径向基神经网络和逻辑回归模型分别开展易发性评价.结果显示:水系距离、坡度等是滑坡发育的主控因素；RBNN-Adaboost耦合模型的预测精度最高(0.820)，优于RBNN模型和LR模型的0.781和0.748.Adaboost集成算法能进一步提升模型的预测性能，所提出的耦合模型结合了两者的优点，具有更强的预测能力，是一种可靠的滑坡易发性评价模型. 相似文献
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《西北地质》2021,(2)
为探索区域滑坡易发性评价模型的适用性和评价结果的合理性,以滑坡灾害高发的白龙江流域为研究区,首先选取坡度、地形起伏度、距断层距离、地层岩性、流域沟壑密度、植被指数等6项影响滑坡发生的孕灾因子作为易发性的评价指标,以研究区2 093处滑坡灾害点为样本数据,依据各指标条件下的信息量值、确定性系数值和证据权重值曲线突变规律,并结合滑坡面积及分级面积频率比曲线作为等级划分的临界值来确定因子分级状态;其次,基于指标因子状态分级和相关性分析结果,采用信息量法、确定性系数法、证据权法分别与逻辑回归组合的3种模型开展区域滑坡灾害易发性评价,并从模型结果、适用性和精度等方面采用多手段对3种组合模型进行比较和讨论。研究结果表明:在区域滑坡易发性评价方面,3组模型均表现较为理想,信息量和逻辑回归组合模型的预测精度为94.6%,其预测精度和准确性优于其他2种组合模型。笔者以白龙江流域中游及其岷江支流段为例,开展滑坡灾害易发性评价模型适用性、评价结果分析以及预测精度评价对比和研究等,成果可为该区地质灾害防灾减灾和国土空间用途管制规划决策提供参考。 相似文献
11.
本文选择东南沿海地区具有典型降雨型滑坡的淳安县作为研究区,在完成全县地质灾害详细调查的基础上,选取高程、坡度、坡向、曲率、工程地质岩组、距断层距离、距道路距离、土地利用和植被等9个滑坡影响因子,利用GIS技术与确定性系数分析方法,对这9个影响因子开展敏感性分析。研究结果表明:(1) 寒武、震旦、石炭和白垩系是滑坡易发地层,侵入岩组、紫红色砂岩、碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩为主的岩组是滑坡高敏感性岩组;滑坡受断层影响总体上随着距离断层由近及远逐渐降低;(2) 坡度范围10°~35°是滑坡的易发坡度,30°~35°滑坡数量达到峰值;SE和S等朝南坡向是滑坡最易发坡向;高程范围为100~200m是滑坡最易发区间;凹坡最易发生滑坡,而凸坡则滑坡敏感性最差;非林地、茶叶、竹林和经济林等是滑坡高敏感植被类型;(3) 住宅用地、耕地、园地等与人类活动密切相关的用地类型是滑坡易发地类;距道路距离因子对滑坡敏感性低,相关性不明显。上述各滑坡影响因子最利于滑坡发生的数值区间确定,将为研究区进一步开展降雨型滑坡区域易发性评价及预测奠定基础。 相似文献
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赣南地区滑坡灾害点多、面广、规模小,具有群发性和突发性的特点,90%以上的滑坡是因人工切坡导致的。为研究赣南地区小型削方滑坡对易发性评价模型的适用性,以赣州市于都县银坑镇为例,基于野外地质调查成果,并利用地理探测器,选取坡度、坡体结构、岩组、断层、道路、植被等6个评价指标,分别选用信息量模型、人工神经网络模型、决策树模型和逻辑回归模型开展易发性评价。结果表明:信息量、人工神经网络、决策树和逻辑回归等模型得到的AUC值分别为0.800、0.708、0.672和0.586,信息量模型所得的易发性结果与研究区滑坡实际分布情况较吻合,高易发区和中易发区滑坡占比近80%。信息量模型较其他三个模型,更适合于赣南地区小型削方滑坡易发性评价,评价结果对该地区地质灾害易发性评价模型选取提供了参考与借鉴。 相似文献
13.
Mohammad Zare Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Mahdi Vafakhah Biswajeet Pradhan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(8):2873-2888
Landslide susceptibility and hazard assessments are the most important steps in landslide risk mapping. The main objective of this study was to investigate and compare the results of two artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms, i.e., multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basic function (RBF) for spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility in Vaz Watershed, Iran. At first, landslide locations were identified by aerial photographs and field surveys, and a total of 136 landside locations were constructed from various sources. Then the landslide inventory map was randomly split into a training dataset 70 % (95 landslide locations) for training the ANN model and the remaining 30 % (41 landslides locations) was used for validation purpose. Nine landslide conditioning factors such as slope, slope aspect, altitude, land use, lithology, distance from rivers, distance from roads, distance from faults, and rainfall were constructed in geographical information system. In this study, both MLP and RBF algorithms were used in artificial neural network model. The results showed that MLP with Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno learning algorithm is more efficient than RBF in landslide susceptibility mapping for the study area. Finally the landslide susceptibility maps were validated using the validation data (i.e., 30 % landslide location data that was not used during the model construction) using area under the curve (AUC) method. The success rate curve showed that the area under the curve for RBF and MLP was 0.9085 (90.85 %) and 0.9193 (91.93 %) accuracy, respectively. Similarly, the validation result showed that the area under the curve for MLP and RBF models were 0.881 (88.1 %) and 0.8724 (87.24 %), respectively. The results of this study showed that landslide susceptibility mapping in the Vaz Watershed of Iran using the ANN approach is viable and can be used for land use planning. 相似文献
14.
Gökhan Demir Mustafa Aytekin Aykut Akgün Sabriye Banu İkizler Orhan Tatar 《Natural Hazards》2013,65(3):1481-1506
The North Anatolian Fault is known as one of the most active and destructive fault zones which produced many earthquakes with high magnitudes both in historical and instrumental periods. Along this fault zone, the morphology and the lithological features are prone to landslides. Kuzulu landslide, which is located near the North Anatolian Fault Zone, was triggered by snow melting without any precursor, occurred on March 17, 2005. The landslide resulted in 15 deaths and the destruction of about 30 houses at Kuzulu village. There is still a great danger of further landslides in the region. Therefore, it is vitally important to present its environmental impacts and prepare a landslide susceptibility map of the region. In this study, we used likelihood-frequency ratio model and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to produce landslide susceptibility maps. For this purpose, a detailed landslide inventory map was prepared and the factors chosen that influence landslide occurrence were: lithology, slope gradient, slope aspect, topographical elevation, distance to stream, distance to roads, distance to faults, drainage density and fault density. The ArcGIS package was used to evaluate and analyze all the collected data. At the end of the susceptibility assessment, the area was divided into five susceptibility regions, such as very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The results of the analyses were then verified using the landslide location data and compared with the probability model. For this purpose, an area under curvature (AUC) and the seed cell area index assessments were applied. An AUC value for the likelihood-frequency ratio-based model 0.78 was obtained, whereas the AUC value for the AHP-based model was 0.64. The landslide susceptibility map will help decision makers in site selection and the site-planning process. The map may also be accepted as a basis for landslide risk-management studies to be applied in the study area. 相似文献
15.
Estimating potential landslide sites of an upland sub-watershed in Western Ghat’s of Kerala (India) through frequency ratio and GIS 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
The purpose of this study is to assess the susceptibility of landslides in parts of Western Ghats, Kerala, India, using a
geographical information system (GIS). Landslide inventory of the area was made by detailed field surveys and the analysis
of the topographical maps. The landslide triggering factors are considered to be slope angle, slope aspect, slope curvature,
slope length, distance from drainage, distance from lineaments, lithology, land use and geomorphology. ArcGIS version 8.3
was used to manipulate and analyse all the collected data. Probabilistic-likelihood ratio was used to create a landslide susceptibility
map for the study area. The result was validated using the Area under Curve (AUC) method and temporal data of landslide occurrences.
The validation results showed satisfactory agreement between the susceptibility map and the existing data on landslide locations.
As the result, the success rate of the model was (84.46%) and the prediction rate of the model was (82.38%) shows high prediction
accuracy. In the reclassified final landslide susceptibility zone map, 5.68% of the total area is classified as critical in
nature. The landslide susceptibility map thus produced can be used to reduce hazards associated with landslides and to land
cover planning. 相似文献
16.
Javed Iqbal Tanoli Chen Ningsheng Amar Deep Regmi Li Jun 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(13):277
The 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake triggered thousands of landslides of various types scattered over a large area. In the current study, we utilized pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution satellite imagery to compile two landslide inventories before and after earthquake and prepared three landslide susceptibility maps within 404 km2 area using frequency ratio (FR) model. From the study, we could map about 519 landslides including 178 pre-earthquake slides and 341 coseismic slides were identified. This study investigated the relationship between landslide occurrence and landslide causative factors, i.e., slope, aspect, altitude, plan curvature, lithology, land use, distance from streams, distance from road, distance from faults, and peak ground acceleration. The analysis showed that the majority of landslides both pre-earthquake and coseismic occurred at slope >30°, preferably in S, SE, and SW directions and within altitude ranging from 1000 to 1500 m and 1500 to 3500 m. Scatter plots between number of landslides per km?2 (LN) and percentage of landslide area (LA) and causative factors indicate that slope is the most influencing factor followed by lithology and PGA for the landslide formation. Higher landslide susceptibility before earthquake is observed along the road and rivers, whereas landslides after earthquake are triggered at steeper slopes and at higher altitudes. Combined susceptibility map indicates the effect of topography, geology, and land cover in the triggering of landslides in the entire basin. The resultant landslide susceptibility maps are verified through AUC showing success rates of 78, 81, and 77%, respectively. These susceptibility maps are helpful for engineers and planners for future development work in the landslide prone area. 相似文献
17.
Abdı Amina Bouamrane Ali Karech Toufik Dahri Noura Kaouachi Anouar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(8):5675-5691
The main purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the performance of two multicriteria models for landslide susceptibility assessment in Constantine, north-east of Algeria. The landslide susceptibility maps were produced using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) via twelve landslides conditioning factors, including the slope gradient, lithology, land cover, distance from drainage network, distance from the roads, distance from faults, topographic wetness index, stream power index, slope curvature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, slope aspect and elevation. In this study, the mentioned models were used to derive the weighting value of the conditioning factors. For the validation process of these models, the receiver operating characteristic analysis, and the area under the curve (AUC) were applied by comparing the obtained results to The landslide inventory map which prepared using the archives of scientific publications, reports of local authorities, and field survey as well as analyzing satellite imagery. According to the AUC values, the FAHP model had the highest value (0.908) followed by the AHP model (0.777). As a result, the FAHP model is more consistent and accurate than the AHP in this case study. The outcome of this paper may be useful for landslide susceptibility assessment and land use management.
相似文献18.
Landslide susceptibility mapping by binary logistic regression, analytical hierarchy process, and statistical index models and assessment of their performances 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
The current research presents a detailed landslide susceptibility mapping study by binary logistic regression, analytical hierarchy process, and statistical index models and an assessment of their performances. The study area covers the north of Tehran metropolitan, Iran. When conducting the study, in the first stage, a landslide inventory map with a total of 528 landslide locations was compiled from various sources such as aerial photographs, satellite images, and field surveys. Then, the landslide inventory was randomly split into a testing dataset 70 % (370 landslide locations) for training the models, and the remaining 30 % (158 landslides locations) was used for validation purpose. Twelve landslide conditioning factors such as slope degree, slope aspect, altitude, plan curvature, normalized difference vegetation index, land use, lithology, distance from rivers, distance from roads, distance from faults, stream power index, and slope-length were considered during the present study. Subsequently, landslide susceptibility maps were produced using binary logistic regression (BLR), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and statistical index (SI) models in ArcGIS. The validation dataset, which was not used in the modeling process, was considered to validate the landslide susceptibility maps using the receiver operating characteristic curves and frequency ratio plot. The validation results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for three mentioned models vary from 0.7570 to 0.8520 $ ({\text{AUC}}_{\text{AHP}} = 75.70\;\% ,\;{\text{AUC}}_{\text{SI}} = 80.37\;\% ,\;{\text{and}}\;{\text{AUC}}_{\text{BLR}} = 85.20\;\% ) $ ( AUC AHP = 75.70 % , AUC SI = 80.37 % , and AUC BLR = 85.20 % ) . Also, plot of the frequency ratio for the four landslide susceptibility classes of the three landslide susceptibility models was validated our results. Hence, it is concluded that the binary logistic regression model employed in this study showed reasonably good accuracy in predicting the landslide susceptibility of study area. Meanwhile, the results obtained in this study also showed that the statistical index model can be used as a simple tool in the assessment of landslide susceptibility when a sufficient number of data are obtained. 相似文献
19.
Landslides are natural disasters often activated by interaction of different controlling environmental factors, especially in mountainous terrains. In this research, the landslide susceptibility map was developed for the Sarkhoun catchment using Index of Entropy (IoE) and Dempster–Shafer (DS) models. For this purpose, 344 landslides were mapped in GIS environment. 241 (70%) out of the landslides were selected for the modeling and the remaining (30%) were employed for validation of the models. Afterward, 10 landslide conditioning factor layers were prepared including land use, distance to drainage, slope gradient, altitude, lithology, distance to roads, distance to faults, slope aspect, Topography Wetness Index, and Stream Power Index. The relationship between the landslide conditioning factors and landslide inventory maps was determined using the IoE and DS models. In order to verify the models, the results were compared with validation landslide data not employed in training process of the models. Accordingly, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were applied, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) was calculated for the obtained susceptibility maps using the success (training data) and prediction (validation data) rate curves. The land use was found to be the most important factor in the study area. The AUC are 0.82, and 0.81 for success rates of the IoE, and DS models, respectively, while the prediction rates are 0.76 and 0.75. Therefore, the results of the IoE model are more accurate than the DS model. Furthermore, a satisfactory agreement is observed between the generated susceptibility maps by the models and true location of the landslides. 相似文献
20.
Applying different scenarios for landslide spatial modeling using computational intelligence methods
Alireza Arabameri Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Mojtaba Yamani 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(24):832
Landslides every year impose extensive damages to human beings in various parts of the world; therefore, identifying prone areas to landslides for preventive measures is essential. The main purpose of this research is applying different scenarios for landslide susceptibility mapping by means of combination of bivariate statistical (frequency ratio) and computational intelligence methods (random forest and support vector machine) in landslide polygon and point formats. For this purpose, in the first step, a total of 294 landslide locations were determined from various sources such as aerial photographs, satellite images, and field surveys. Landslide inventory was randomly split into a testing dataset 70% (206 landslide locations) for training the different scenarios, and the remaining 30% (88 landslides locations) was used for validation purposes. To providing landslide susceptibility maps, 13 conditioning factors including altitude, slope angle, plan curvature, slope aspect, topographic wetness index, lithology, land use/land cover, distance from rivers, drainage density, distance from fault, distance from roads, convergence index, and annual rainfall are used. Tolerance and the variance inflation factor indices were used for considering multi-collinearity of conditioning factors. Results indicated that the smallest tolerance and highest variance inflation factor were 0.31 and 3.20, respectively. Subsequently, spatial relationship between classes of each landslide conditioning factor and landslides was obtained by frequency ratio (FR) model. Also, importance of the mentioned factors was obtained by random forest (RF) as a machine learning technique. The results showed that according to mean decrease accuracy, factors of altitude, aspect, drainage density, and distance from rivers had the greatest effect on the occurrence of landslide in the study area. Finally, the landslide susceptibility maps were produced by ten scenarios according to different ensembles. The receiver operating characteristics, including the area under the curve (AUC), were used to assess the accuracy of the models. Results of validation of scenarios showed that AUC was varying from 0.668 to 0.749. Also, FR and seed cell area index indicators show a high correlation between the susceptibility classes with the landslide pixels and field observations in all scenarios except scenarios 10RF and 10SVM. The results of this study can be used for landslides management and mitigation and development activities such as construction of settlements and infrastructure in the future. 相似文献