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通过对西太平洋34件海水样品的稀土元素（REY:REE+Y）测试及其与研究区富钴结壳稀土耦合特征分析,揭示了海水稀土特征及其成因.海水的稀土含量随水深呈现逐渐增加的趋势,∑ REY范围为14.0×10-12~65.5×10-12,平均值为31.9×10-12,其中Y的绝对值（均值为6.0×10-12~24.1×10-12）和相对值（（Y/Ho）N均值为1.98）均较高,La含量次之（均值为1.8×10-12~11.6×10-12）,Ce含量相对较低（均值为2.4×10-12~8.8×10-12）,δCe范围为0.33~1.03（均值为0.66）,（La/Yb）N平均值为0.71.海水稀土元素北美页岩标准化后显示左倾模式,具有显著的Ce负异常、Y正异常和无明显的Eu异常特征.研究区普遍发育水成成因的富钴结壳,即其稀土元素和其他组分均源自海水.富钴结壳的稀土含量相对海水富集6~7个数量级,其Ce正异常和Y负异常的稀土模式与海水构成良好的耦合关系,指示富钴结壳类组分对海水稀土清扫具有选择性,是造成海水稀土模式的重要因素.海山上发育的磷块岩以及周围盆地深海泥中的磷酸盐组分,它们具有较高的稀土含量和类似于海水的稀土模式,指示海洋磷酸盐消耗稀土时并未分馏而是继承海水模式.海水独特的稀土模式特征是补给与消耗平衡作用的结果,铁锰氧化物和海洋磷酸盐是两种典型的海洋自生组分,它们对海水稀土特征的形成至关重要. 相似文献
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为探讨贵州下寒武统黑色岩系中铂族元素物质来源及钼-镍、钒多金属形成的沉积环境与成矿作用,在钼-镍、钒多金属层及其顶底页岩、底部硅质岩中采集样品测试分析。通过对样品中金、铂族元素含量(质量分数)及其地球化学特征值研究,结果表明：黑色岩系中金及铂族元素含量显示协同变化特征;Pd富集,Ru、Ir亏损明显,Pt、Rh、Os基本持平或略有变化;样品的原始地幔标准值标准化模式配分曲线从Os、Ru、Rh、Ir、Pt到Pd大致呈“W”型,配分曲线略呈左倾,总体上呈现w(Pd)>w(Pt)>w(Os)>w(Rh)>w(Ru)>w(Ir)的变化关系;黑色岩系铂族元素来源与正常海水及海底热水喷流作用关系密切,地外来源可能性极小;黑色岩系钼-镍、钒多金属层中铂族元素的富集存在单独成矿作用或成矿作用的叠加,而且在钒多金属层内局部存在分层或条带分异。 相似文献
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Fe-Mn结壳是大洋环境中极具潜力的Co资源.除富Co外,Fe-Mn结壳也明显富集铂族元素(PGE),因此也被称为富钴、铂Fe-Mn结壳.但至今对Fe-Mn结壳铂族元素来源和富集机制的认识还有争议.海水和宇宙球粒被认为是Fe-Mn结壳中Pt的两个主要来源,个别样品Pt的异常富集可能由地外物质加入所致(Halbach等,1989;石学法等,2000).Hein等(1988)认为Fe-Mn结壳中Pt、Rh、h和少量Ru主要来自海水,而Pd和大部分Ru来自碎屑.Stüben等(1999)认为低的生长速率是Fe-Mn结壳富集铂族元素的原因之一.近年来,我国学者认为Fe-Mn结壳中的铂族元素可能主要来自幔源海底玄武岩的水岩反应(姚德等,2002;何高文等,2006). 相似文献
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黔西地区峨眉山玄武岩（东岩区）铂族元素地球化学特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用同位素稀释-等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方法测定了黔西水域、威宁等地的东岩区峨眉山玄武岩的铂族元素含量。结果表明，相对于原始地幔，东岩区峨眉山玄武岩的铂族元素发生了较强的分异作用，Os、Ir、Ru、Rh亏损，Pd、Pt发生富集，相对配分模式为Pd-Pt富集型；经球粒陨石及原始地幔标准化的铂族元素配分模式为向左陡倾斜型，具有陡的正斜率，Pd／Ir显著高于原始地幔、球粒陨石、原始上地幔等，而与地幔低度熔融形成的N-MORB、大陆拉斑玄武岩等接近，表明峨眉山玄武岩的物质来源为上地幔熔融程度偏低的玄武岩浆。 相似文献
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云南中旬地区烂泥塘低温热液型Cu-Au矿床铂族元素(PGE)地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用ICP-MS分析方法研究烂泥塘浅成低温热液型Cu-Au矿床中黄铜矿铂族元素(PGE),结果显示黄铜矿的∑PCE较低,其值为5.46×109～19.0×10-9.原始地幔标准化PGE配分模式呈Ru、Pd相对于Ir、Pt富集的趋势.Pd/Ir、Ru/Ir、Pt/Ru、Pd/Pt比值分别变化在2.35～21.9、15.6～42.3、0.02～0.20和4.83～21.8之间.除Pt/Ru比值低于原始地幔外,其他比值均高于原始地幔,这表明黄铜矿的Ir、Ru、Pt和Pd之间发生了分异.黄铜矿中相对高的Ru和Pd含量可能是热液流体对早期矿化斑岩选择淋滤的结果. 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2010,(3)
采用ICP-MS分析方法研究烂泥塘浅成低温热液型Cu-Au矿床中黄铜矿铂族元素(PGE),结果显示黄铜矿的∑PGE较低,其值为5.46×10-9～19.0×10-9。原始地幔标准化PGE配分模式呈Ru、Pd相对于Ir、Pt富集的趋势。Pd/Ir、Ru/Ir、Pt/Ru、Pd/Pt比值分别变化在2.35～21.9、15.6～42.3、0.02～0.20和4.83～21.8之间。除Pt/Ru比值低于原始地幔外,其他比值均高于原始地幔,这表明黄铜矿的Ir、Ru、Pt和Pd之间发生了分异。黄铜矿中相对高的Ru和Pd含量可能是热液流体对早期矿化斑岩选择淋滤的结果。 相似文献
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东太平洋CC区多金属结核铂族元素（PGE）地球化学及其意义 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
文章采用火试金分离富集法和等离子发射光谱(ICP_MS)测定了东太平洋CC区多金属结核中PGE和Au元素的含量,结果显示:结核中PGE相对于洋壳明显富集,尤其是Pt含量较高,wPt平均值为100.90×10-9。各种类型的多金属结核PGE和Au的球粒陨石配分曲线及有关参数非常一致,均表现为Pt正异常和Pd负异常,显示其中PGE和Au具有相似的来源。多金属结核与海底海山富钴结壳PGE配分模式及特征元素比值对比表明,两者PGE可能具有相同的来源,可能主要来源于海底玄武岩的水岩反应,部分来源于铁陨石,而并非主要来自海底热液及正常海水。 相似文献
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大洋磷酸盐化作用对富钴结壳元素富集的影响 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：23
中国首次对与大洋富钴结壳密切相关的磷酸盐化作用进行了研究。对取自西太平洋麦哲伦海山区一厚度为 10cm的富钴结壳样品 ,自顶至底以 5mm间距采取了 2 0个分层样品进行了成矿元素和稀土元素分析。结果表明 ,未被磷酸盐化的新结壳和磷酸盐化的老结壳间主要成矿元素的含量相差显著。老结壳中Fe、Mn、Si、Al、Zn、Mg、Co、Ni、Cu元素亏损 ,亏损次序为Co >Ni>Mg >Al>Mn >Si>Cu >Zn >Fe;而Ca、P、Sr、Ba、Pb元素含量增加 ,富集次序为P >Ca >Ba >Pb >Sr。研究认为 ,结壳中磷酸盐化作用的强弱制约着富钴结壳成矿元素含量的变化 ,磷酸盐化作用是造成老结壳中主要成矿元素Co、Ni等贫化流失的根本原因。研究还表明 ,磷酸盐化作用对富钴结壳的稀土元素丰度也产生一定影响 ,使老结壳的稀土总量和Ce含量高于新结壳 ,但未显著改变其稀土配分模式和分馏特征。研究证实 ,老结壳的Y正异常与磷酸盐化作用无关。磷酸盐化作用的研究为富钴结壳矿产资源的评价和综合利用提供了有用信息。 相似文献
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Abstract: The black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Weng’an, on the Yangtze platform of south China, contain voluminous polymetallic sulfide deposits. A comprehensive geochemical investigation of trace, rare earth, and platinum group elements (PGE) has been undertaken in order to discuss its ore genesis and correlation with the tectono-depositional setting. The ore-bearing layers enrich molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), lead (Pb), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) , uranium (U) , arsenic (As), and rare earth elements (REE) in abundance. High uranium/thorium (U/Th) ratios (U/Th>1) indicated that mineralization was mainly influenced by the hydrothermal process. The dU value was above 1.9, showing a reducing sedimentary condition. The REE patterns showed high enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) (heavy rare earth elements (HREE) (LREE/HREE=5–17), slightly negative europium (Eu) and cerium (Ce) anomalies (dEu=0.81–0.93), and positive Ce anomalies (dCe=0.76–1.12). PGE abundance was characterized by the PGE-type distribution patterns, enriching platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru) and osmium (Os). The Pt/Pd ratio was 0.8, which is close to the ratios of seawater and ultramafic rocks. All of these geochemical features suggest that the mineralization was triggered by hydrothermal activity in an extensional setting in the context of break-up of the Rodinian supercontinent. 相似文献
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The black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Weng'an.on the Yangtze platform of south China,contain voluminous polymetallic sulfide deposits.A comprehensive geochemical investigation of trace,rare earth,and platinum group elements(PGE)has been undertaken in order to discuss its ore genesis and correlation with the tectono.depositional setting.The ore-bearing layers enrich molybdenum(Mo),nickeI(Ni),vanadium(V),lead(Pb),strontium(Sr), bariam(Ba),uranium(U),arsenic(As),and rare earth elements(REE)in abundance.High uranium/thorium(U/Th)ratios(U/Th>1)indicated that mineralization was mainly influenced by the hydrothermal process.The δU value Was above 1.9.showing a reducing sedimentary condition.The REE patterns showed high enrichment in Iight rare earth elements (LREE)(heavy rare earth elements (HREE)(LREE/HREE=5-17),slightly negative europium(EU)and cerium(Ce)anomalies(δEu=0.81-0.93).and positive Ce anomalies(δCe=0.76-1.12).PGE abundance was characterized by the PGE-type distribution patterns,enriching platinum(Pt),palladium(Pd),ruthenium(RuJ and osmium(Os).The Pt,Pd ratio was 0.8.which is close to the ratios of seawater and ultramafic rocks.AII of these geochemical features suggest that the mineralization was triggered by hydrothermal activity in an extensionai setting in the context of break-up of the Rodinian supercontinent. 相似文献
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V. K. Banakar J. R. Hein R. P. Rajani A. R. Chodankar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2007,116(1):3-13
The major element relationships in ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts from Afanasiy-Nikitin seamount (ANS), eastern equatorial
Indian Ocean, appear to be atypical. High positive correlations (r = 0.99) between Mn/Co and Fe/Co ratios, and lack of correlation of those ratios with Co, Ce, and Ce/Co, indicate that the
ANS Fe-Mn crusts are distinct from Pacific seamount Fe-Mn crusts, and reflect region-specific chemical characteristics. The
platinum group elements (PGE: Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd) and Au in ANS Fe-Mn crusts are derived from seawater and are mainly
of terrestrial origin, with a minor cosmogenic component. The Ru/Rh (0.5–2) and Pt/Ru ratios (7–28) are closely comparable
to ratios in continental basalts, whereas Pd/Ir ratios exhibit values (<2) similar to CI-chondrite (∼1). The chondrite-normalized
PGE patterns are similar to those of igneous rocks, except that Pd is relatively depleted. The water depth of Fe-Mn crust
formation appears to have a first-order control on both major element and PGE enrichments. These relationships are defined
statistically by significant (r > 0.75) correlations between water depth and Mn/Co, Fe/Co, Ce/Co, Co, and the PGEs. Fractionation of the PGE-Au from seawater
during colloidal precipitation of the major-oxide phases is indicated by well-defined linear positive correlations (r > 0.8) of Co and Ce with Ir, Ru, Rh, and Pt; Au/Co with Mn/Co; and by weak or no correlations of Pd with water depth, Co-normalized
major-element ratios, and with the other PGE (r < 0.5). The strong enrichment of Pt (up to 1 ppm) relative to the other PGE and its positive correlations with Ce and Co
demonstrate a common link for the high concentrations of all three elements, which likely involves an oxidation reaction on
the Mn-oxide and Fe-oxyhydroxide surfaces. The documented fractionation of PGE-Au and their positive association with redox
sensitive Co and Ce may have applications in reconstructing past-ocean redox conditions and water masses. 相似文献
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夏家店金矿床位于南秦岭造山带内,是一个受构造和地层控制的大型金矿床,矿石类型为角砾岩型、碎裂岩型和石英脉型3种类型,赋矿围岩主要为寒武系水沟口组的炭泥质板岩、炭硅质板岩、硅质岩及白云岩,次为泥盆系西岔河组的角砾岩。本文对夏家店金矿床中矿石（角砾状炭硅质板岩、碎裂硅化白云岩、碎裂炭泥质板岩和石英脉状矿化的硅质岩）和围岩（硅质岩、硅化白云岩和硅质板岩）的微量元素、铂族元素（PGE）质量分数进行测试,进而探讨成矿物质来源以及矿床成因。结果表明：不同类型的矿石与其各自的围岩具有高度的相似性,均富集Sr、Ga、Zr等元素;不同类型的矿石稀土总量均高于各类围岩,但是两者具有相似的稀土配分模式,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,均表现出负Eu异常（δEu值为0.51~0.63）;不同类型的矿石PGE总量（7.71×10-9~38.30×10-9,平均值23.00×10-9）均明显大于各类围岩PGE总量（1.28×10-9~2.44×10-9,平均值1.86×10-9）,相比上地壳,不同类型的矿石均明显富集Os、Ir、Pt和Pd,亏损Ru、Rh,而各类围岩均富集Os,亏损Pt、Ru、Rh、Pd,但两者的铂族元素配分曲线具有高度相似性,呈Ru亏损的V型,为地壳的（Os）-Pt-Pd型配分模式。以上特征表明不同类型的矿石和围岩具有明显的微量、稀土元素和PGE地球化学继承性,暗示夏家店下寒武统有可能是重要的矿源层之一。同时,所有矿石和围岩的Au/Ir值（分别为4 821~299 666）和406~8 050）及Pd/Ir值（分别为16.9~588.0和15.2~47.5）变化范围均较大,两者Au/Ir值远高于炭质球粒陨石和原始地幔值、Pd/Ir值远高于岩浆成因矿石值,且夏家店金矿床矿石和围岩的PGE配分曲线与典型热液成因矿床一致。这些特征显示夏家店金矿床具有明显的热液成因,是构造-热液流体成矿作用的产物。 相似文献
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方解石作为木落稀土矿床常见的脉石矿物,其中的铂族元素(简称PGE)地球化学特征有可能记录了地质流体的性质。采用ICP-MS分析木落方解石中PGE的含量,并对铂族元素的分布、相关性、成因进行了探讨。木落方解石可以分为两类:I型方解石和Ⅱ型方解石。I型方解石中∑PGE(不含Os)0.62～1.33ng/g,具相对低的Pd/Pt、Pd/Rh、Pd/Ru、Pd/Ir比值,不太显著的Pt-Pd分配模式,为岩浆成因方解石,与成矿作用密切相关;Ⅱ型方解石中∑PGE(不含Os)1.85～2.97ng/g,具相对高的Pd/Pt、Pd/Rh、Pd/Ru、Pd/Ir比值和显著的Pt-Pd分配模式,为热液成因方解石,代表了成矿作用后的一期地质流体作用,与成矿关系不大,仅局部地区存在改造前次流体作用形成的稀土矿体。富CO2热液具有携带PGE的能力,并能够导致PGE的分异,与富CO2岩浆相比,富CO2热液对铂族元素具有一定程度的富集作用。 相似文献
16.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2001,65(16):2789-2806
Fourteen peridotite xenoliths collected in the Massif Central neogene volcanic province (France) have been analyzed for platinum-group elements (PGE), Au, Cu, S, and Se. Their total PGE contents range between 3 and 30 ppb and their PGE relative abundances from 0.01 to 0.001 × CI-chondrites, respectively. Positive correlations between total PGE contents and Se suggest that all of the PGE are hosted mainly in base metal sulfides (monosulfide solid solution [Mss], pentlandite, and Cu-rich sulfides [chalcopyrite/isocubanite]). Laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses support this conclusion while suggesting that, as observed in experiments on the Cu-Fe-Ni-S system, the Mss preferentially accommodate refractory PGEs (Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh) and Cu-rich sulfides concentrate Pd and Au. Poikiloblastic peridotites pervasively percolated by large silicate melt fractions at high temperature (1200°C) display the lowest Se (<2.3 ppb) and the lowest PGE contents (0.001 × CI-chondrites). In these rocks, the total PGE budget inherited from the primitive mantle was reduced by 80%, probably because intergranular sulfides were completely removed by the silicate melt. In contrast, protogranular peridotites metasomatized by small fractions of volatile-rich melts are enriched in Pt, Pd, and Au and display suprachondritic Pd/Ir ratios (1.9). The palladium-group PGE (PPGE) enrichment is consistent with precipitation of Cu-Ni-rich sulfides from the metasomatic melts. In spite of strong light rare earth element (LREE) enrichments (Ce/YbN < 10), the three harzburgites analyzed still display chondrite-normalized PGE patterns typical of partial melting residues, i.e., depleted in Pd and Pt relative to Ir and Ru. Likewise, coarse-granular lherzolites, a common rock type in Massif Central xenoliths, display Pd/Ir, Ru/Ir, Rh/Ir, and Pt/Ir within the 15% uncertainty range of chondritic meteorites. These rocks do not contradict the late-veneer hypothesis that ascribes the PGE budget of the Earth to a late-accreting chondritic component; however, speculations about this component from the Pd/Ir and Pt/Ir ratios of basalt-borne xenoliths may be premature. 相似文献
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Genesis of the Jinchuan PGE deposit, China: evidence from fluid inclusions, mineralogy and geochemistry of precious elements 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Summary The Jinchuan deposit is a platinum group element (PGE)-rich sulfide deposit in China. Drilling and surface sampling show that
three categories of platinum group element (PGE) mineralization occur; type I formed at magmatic temperatures, type II occurs
in hydrothermally altered zones of the intrusion, and type III in sheared dunite and lherzolite. All ore types were analyzed
for Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt and Au, as well as for Cu, Ni, Co and S. Type I ore has (Pt + Pd)/(Os + Ir + Ru + Rh) ratios of
<7 and relatively flat chondrite-normalized noble metal patterns; the platinum group minerals (PGM) are dominated by sperrylite
and moncheite associated with chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pentlandite. Type II has (Pt + Pd)/(Os + Ir + Ru + Rh) ratios from
40 to 330 and noble metal distribution patterns with a positive slope; the most common PGM are sperrylite and Pd bismuthotelluride
phases concentrated mostly at the margins of base metal sulfides. Type III ores have the highest (Pt + Pd)/(Os + Ir + Ru +
Rh) ratios from 240 to 710; the most abundant PGM are sperrylite and phases of the Pt–Pd–Te–Bi–As–Cl system. It is concluded
that the Jinchuan deposit formed as a result of primary magmatic crystallization followed by hydrothermal remobilization,
transport, and deposition of the PGE. 相似文献
18.
豆荚状铬铁矿是蛇绿岩中特有的一类矿产，按其化学成分可分为高Cr型和高Al型两种。其中的PGE主要以RuS2和Os、Ir、Ru合金等包体形式存在，或以类质同像形式进入铬铁矿晶格。两种类型的铬铁矿均表现出负倾斜型PGE配分模式，其Pt、Pd含量相近；与高Al型铬铁矿相比，高Cr型铬铁矿有更高的Os、Ir、Ru含量，部分豆荚状铬铁矿表现出Pt、Pd相对富集的平坦到正倾斜型PGE配分模式。目前对豆荚状铬铁矿PGE含量及配分模式还缺少一个统一的解释，但其PGE地球化学可为豆荚状铬铁矿的成因及构造背景解释提供更多的信息。 相似文献
19.
C.W. Dale K.W. Burton D.G. Pearson O. Alard T.W. Argles 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(5):1394-1416
Highly siderophile element concentrations (HSE: Re and platinum-group elements (PGE)) are presented for gabbros, gabbroic eclogites and basaltic eclogites from the high-pressure Zermatt-Saas ophiolite terrain, Switzerland. Rhenium and PGE (Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd) abundances in gabbro- and eclogite-hosted sulphides, and Re-Os isotopes and elemental concentrations in silicate phases are also reported. This work, therefore, provides whole rock and mineral-scale insights into the PGE budget of gabbroic oceanic crust and the effects of subduction metamorphism on gabbroic and basaltic crust.Chondrite-normalised PGE patterns for the gabbros are similar to published mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), but show less inter-element fractionation. Mean Pt and Pd contents of 360 and 530 pg/g, respectively, are broadly comparable to MORB, but gabbros have somewhat higher abundances of Os, Ir and Ru (mean: 64, 57 and 108 pg/g). Transformation to eclogite has not significantly changed the concentrations of the PGE, except Pd which is severely depleted in gabbroic eclogites relative to gabbros (∼75% loss). In contrast, basaltic eclogites display significant depletion of Pt (?60%), Pd (>85%) and Re (50-60%) compared with published MORB, while Os, Ir and Ru abundances are broadly comparable. Thus, these data suggest that only Pt, Pd and Re, and not Os, Ir and Ru, may be significantly fluxed into the mantle wedge from mafic oceanic crust. Re-Os model ages for gabbroic and gabbroic eclogite minerals are close to age estimates for igneous crystallisation and high-pressure metamorphism, respectively, hence the HSE budgets can be related to both igneous and metamorphic behaviour. The gabbroic budget of Os, Ir, Ru and Pd (but not Pt) is dominated by sulphide, which typically hosts >90% of the Os, whereas silicates account for most of the Re (with up to 75% in plagioclase alone). Sulphides in gabbroic eclogites tend to host a smaller proportion of the total Os (10-90%) while silicates are important hosts, probably reflecting Os inheritance from precursor phases. Garnet contains very high Re concentrations and may account for >50% of Re in some samples. The depletion of Pd in gabbroic eclogites appears linked, at least in part, to the loss of Ni-rich sulphide.Both basaltic and gabbroic oceanic crust have elevated Pt/Os ratios, but Pt/Re ratios are not sufficiently high to generate the coupled 186Os-187Os enrichments observed in some mantle melts, even without Pt loss from basaltic crust. However, the apparent mobility of Pt and Re in slab fluids provides an alternative mechanism for the generation of Pt- and Re-rich mantle material, recently proposed as a potential source of 187Os-186Os enrichment. 相似文献