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1.
Vitaly Vodyanoy Oleg Pustovyy Timothy Moore Kenney Brock 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(4):1753-1763
A novel, efficient, economical oil collection device, which recovers oils from surface waters using physical principles has been demonstrated. This method has never been used in oil skimmers. The device contains a water-filled vessel open at one end that is positioned above the spilled oil so that the oil entrance opening is leveled with the oil layer on the water surface. The oil moves upward into the vessel displacing the water due to the lower density of the oil. The device has no moving parts. Torricelli’s discovery and Pascal’s law govern containment of the liquid in the vessel above the water level, while Archimedes’ buoyancy force moves oil in the vessel. A collection of thick and thin oil layers on calm water has been shown. This device is very durable, environmentally friendly, recovers pure oil, emits no noise, no pollution, and capable of producing a broad economic impact in the oil clean-up industry by protecting health, life, and the environment. 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地YJ油田是一个埋藏很深,成藏机理复杂的岩性、地层圈闭油气藏。通过侏罗系西山窑组和三工河组原油、油砂抽提物地球化学特征分析后认为,西山窑组原油具有两期成藏混合的特征,三工河组成熟轻质原油、油砂抽提物又表现出煤系烃源岩的特征。这表明,YJ油田具有多源多期充注成藏的特点。对地表土壤中甲烷碳同位素、烃类比值、三维荧光图谱的分析后认为,甲烷同位素、甲烃同位素、烃类比值与凝析油伴生气、石油伴生气的经验值相符;三维荧光既有凝析油-轻油又有轻油-重油的图谱特征。这与原油和油砂抽提物的研究结果相近,也表明该油田具有多种油源。因而认为,在未知地区对土壤油气地球化学特征进行研究,对于初步判断油气来源同样具有良好的效果。 相似文献
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采用小太平山同一层位不同深度且连续的油砂样品,对油砂油的地球化学及生物降解特征进行分析。小太平山油砂油在生物降解作用下产生了丰富的25-降霍烷,常规藿烷和甾烷也发生了一系列变化。由于分子结构和稳定性不同,抗降解能力不同,C_(21)/C_(23)三环萜烷、伽马蜡烷/C_(30)藿烷、Ts/Tm、C_(30)重排藿烷/C_(30)藿烷值、αααC_(27)R/αααC_(29)R、C_(28)αααR/C_(29)αααR、C_(29)ααα20R/αββ20S、C_(29)ααα20R/αββ20R、C_(27)重排甾烷/(规则甾烷+重排甾烷)、常规藿烷异构体降解为25-降霍烷的比例,均反映出油砂油的生物降解程度随深度的增加而增大。小太平山油砂油随含水饱和度的增加降解程度增大,证实地层水有利于细菌类微生物的迁移、营养物质的传递,促进原油的生物降解及25-降霍烷的产生。 相似文献
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In situ biotransformation of oil to methane was investigated in a reservoir in Dagang, China using chemical fingerprinting, isotopic analyzes and molecular and biological methods. The reservoir is highly methanogenic despite chemical indications of advanced oil degradation, such as depletion of n-alkanes, alkylbenzenes and light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fractions or changes in the distribution of several alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The degree of degradation strongly varied between different parts of the reservoir, ranging from severely degraded to nearly undegraded oil compositions. Geochemical data from oil, water and gas samples taken from the reservoir are consistent with in situ biogenic methane production linked to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. Microcosms were inoculated with production and injection waters in order to characterize these processes in vitro. Subsequent degradation experiments revealed that autochthonous microbiota are capable of producing methane from 13C labelled n-hexadecane or 2-methylnaphthalene and suggest that further methanogenesis may occur from the aromatic and polyaromatic fractions of Dagang reservoir fluids. The microbial communities from produced oil–water samples were composed of high numbers of microorganisms (on the order to 107), including methane producing Archaea within the same order of magnitude. In summary, the investigated sections of the Dagang reservoir may have significant potential for testing the viability of in situ conversion of oil to methane as an enhanced recovery method and biodegradation of the aromatic fractions of the oil may be an important methane source. 相似文献
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为了研究含油气盆地下生上储式油源断裂附近油气分布规律,在不同时期油源断裂输导油气通道及影响因素研究的基础上,通过确定油源断裂伴生裂缝可能发育部位和地层脆性发育部位,识别其活动期输导油气通道。通过断裂填充物泥质含量和填充物输导油气所需的最小泥质含量,识别其停止活动后输导油气通道,二者结合建立了一套油源断裂输导油气通道演化形式的研究方法,并将其应用于渤海湾盆地冀中坳馅廊固凹陷大柳泉地区旧州断裂在沙三中-下亚段内输导油气通道演化形式的研究中,结果表明:旧州断裂在沙三中-下亚段内共发育4种输导通道演化形式,其中一直输导通道演化形式仅分布在F;断裂东部局部和F;断裂的东部端部;先输导后不输导通道演化形式主要分布在F;断裂西部、F;断裂中西部及东部和F;断裂处;先不输导后输导通道演化形式主要分布在除东部局部的F;断裂、F;断裂的中东部;一直不输导通道演化形式主要分布在F;断裂中部、F;断裂和F;断裂交界处及F;断裂东部。一直输导和先输导后不输导通道演化形式分布处或附近应是沙三中-下亚段油气成藏的有利部位,与目前旧州断裂附近沙三中-下亚段已发现油气分布相吻合,表明该方法用于研究油源断裂输导油气通道演化形式是可行的。 相似文献
6.
As an important unconventional resource, oil shale has received widespread attention. The oil shale of the Chang 7 oil layer from Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin represents the typical lacustrine oil shale in China. Based on analyzing trace elements and oil yield from boreholes samples, characteristics and paleo-sedimentary environments of oil shale and relationship between paleo-sedimentary environment and oil yield were studied. With favorable quality, oil yield of oil shale varies from 1.4% to 9.1%. Geochemical data indicate that the paleo-redox condition of oil shale’s reducing condition from analyses of V/Cr, V/(V + Ni), U/Th, δU, and authigenic uranium. Equivalent Boron, Sp, and Sr/Ba illustrate that paleosalinity of oil shale is dominated by fresh water. The paleoclimate of oil shale is warm and humid by calculating the chemical index of alteration and Sr/Cu. Fe/Ti and (Fe + Mn)/Ti all explain that there were hot water activities during the sedimentary period of oil shale. In terms of Zr/Rb, paleohydrodynamics of oil shale is weak. By means of Co abundance and U/Th, paleo-water-depth of oil shale is from 17.30 to 157.26 m, reflecting sedimentary environment which is mainly in semi deep–deep lake facies. Correlation analyses between oil yield and six paleoenvironmental factors show that the oil yield of oil shale is mainly controlled by paleo-redox conditions, paleoclimate, hot water activities, and depth of water. Paleosalinity and paleohydrodynamics have an inconspicuous influence on oil yield. 相似文献
7.
页岩油分类与评价 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
页岩油是以游离(含凝析态)、吸附及溶解(可溶解于天然气、干酪根和残余水等)态等多种方式赋存于有效生烃泥页岩地层层系中且具有勘探开发意义的非气态烃类。根据泥页岩地层中所含烃类相态、成因机理及勘探开发等特点,将页岩类油气划分为页岩气和页岩油等两类八种。结合页岩油特点,指出了我国页岩油形成条件和分布规律,即规模分布的有效生烃泥页岩、形成于深水-半深水相的富有机质泥页岩、较高的有机质丰度和适当的热演化程度以及较好的基质物性条件等是页岩油形成的主要条件。建立了中国陆相断陷湖盆页岩油发育模式,指出概率体积法可以作为页岩油资源评价的主要方法,提出了页岩油远景区、有利区及目标区优选的参数体系和标准。作为非常规油气能源的主要类型之一,页岩油将会对我国能源结构产生重要影响。 相似文献
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S. Mohanan M.Sc Ph.D. S. Maruthamuthu M.Sc M.Phil. Ph.D. N. Muthukumar M.Sc M.Phil. A. Rajasekar M.Sc N. Palaniswamy M.Sc Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(2):279-283
Biodegradation of oil depends on the nature of the oil, the type of microbial community and a variety of environmental factors. Green oils are being used as consumer goods and as raw materials in industries such as food processing, pharmaceutical and cosmetic. Microbial contaminations of green oils have been the cause of degradation problems. Serratia Marcessens produced cytochrome oxidase, catalase, Dextrose, Lactose, Manose and sorbitol enzymes were the main reason for the degradation af palmarosa oil. Changes of colour and turbidity was also the evidence for green oil degradation by bacteria. More oxygen included protons (0-CH2) group was produced in the presence of bacterial species and the addition of oxygen took place during bacterial degradation of palmarosa oil. The biodegradation of palmarosa oil by Serratia marcescens have been carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic spectroscopy analysis. Carboxyl group present in the palmorasa oil is utilised as a sole carbon sources for the Serratia marcescens. 相似文献
9.
一个典型的寒武系油藏:塔里木盆地塔中62井油藏成因分析 总被引：32，自引：4，他引：28
塔里木盆地志留系沥青砂岩广泛发育,主要原因是来源于寒武系的原油在进入志留系储层后区域性的抬升剥蚀使油藏遭到严重破坏,但到目前为止,究竟是寒武系烃源岩还是中上奥陶统烃源岩或是两者都对现今的志留系沥青砂岩中的有机质有贡献还不清楚.对塔中62井原油的化学组成和油源的分析表明,其甾萜类组成具有寒武系烃源岩的组成特征,反映该油藏原油主要来源于寒武系.另一方面,塔中62井砂岩透镜体被泥岩圈闭,油藏具有较好的保存条件,且后期中上奥陶统生成的烃类难以充注进入油藏.塔中62井志留系油藏破坏作用较弱、保存较好,是塔里木盆地在志留系发现的第一例来源于寒武系的油藏. 相似文献
10.
Secondary hydrocarbon generation potential from heavy oil, oil sand and solid bitumen during the artificial maturation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Secondary hydrocarbon generation potentials from natural bitumen, oil sand and heavy oil, representing different residual oil accumulations, were determined by artificial maturation in a closed pyrolysis system. Simulated results indicate that their thermal behavior and reactivity are similar to those of kerogen, and that they can generate hydrocarbons once subjected to suitable geological processes. Overall differences in oil and gas generation potentials among the samples result from differences in the chemical structure of precursor components, physical compaction status, and mineral matrices. Hydrogen rich precursors, such as oil sand and heavy oil, have greater potential to generate hydrocarbons than hydrogen poor ones. Naturally compacted oil sand has slightly higher conversion efficiency than artificially compacted heavy oil as indicated by lower residual bitumen content. However, total gas and liquid oil recovery from oil sand is lower than from heavy oil due to the poor release of pyrolytic products from well compacted and cemented networks in the experiments. Mineral matrices of previous oil deposits also affect further hydrocarbon generation potential. Carbonate matrices inhibit total oil and gas generation, which consequently retains high gas potential at the postmature stage. Traditional oil generation models mainly consider the thermal alteration of kerogen; this study provides supplemental information for superimposed basins where previous oil accumulations may have been destroyed and reburied to serve as secondary sources of oil and gas. Consideration of previous oil residues as potential source rock allows better estimates of available oil resources and the risks associated with their exploration. 相似文献
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The analysis of oil trapped during secondary migration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During secondary migration, there is an opportunity for oil to be trapped as fluid inclusions (FIs) within framework grains such as quartz and within diagenetic cements that have a crystalline structure. Oil saturation on migration pathways remains relatively low, so typically fewer oil inclusions get trapped compared with samples from an oil column. Geochemical analysis of the much smaller amounts of inclusion oil present in samples from interpreted oil migration pathways has been attempted for two samples from the Champagny-1 and Delamere-1 wells in the Vulcan Sub-Basin, northern offshore Australia. A combination of petrographic analysis, bulk geochemical inclusion analysis and log evaluation confirmed that both samples were from oil migration pathways. Despite the small number of oil inclusions, reliable geochemical data were acquired from both samples that were significantly above the levels detected for the system and outside-rinse blanks. The FI oil trapped on the interpreted oil migration pathway in Champagny-1 was generated from clay-rich marine source rock with little terrigenous organic matter input. It was generated at peak oil window maturity and correlates best with oils derived from the Late Jurassic Lower Vulcan Formation. In contrast, the Delamere-1 FI oil contains evidence of greater input of terrigenous organic matter and was generated at early oil window maturity. This FI oil also contains a signature of a biodegraded component, which could have been generated either from the Middle Jurassic Plover Formation, or from an older source rock. These data indicate that it is feasible to geochemically map migration pathways across prospects or basins, and to analyse palaeo-oil compositions in oil zones where the few inclusions get trapped. This also suggests that the few oil inclusions that sometimes occur in Proterozoic or Archaean rocks may be analysable in the future, which would provide relatively pristine and robust data on the composition and diversity of Earth’s early biosphere. 相似文献
14.
延吉盆地油藏上的放射性异常特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
放射性测量在油藏上的异常特征反映了油藏储层的特征,所以通过放射性测量可以指示油藏的有利位置,为油气资源的勘探与评价提供信息.从延吉盆地进行的瞬时氡气测量、土壤天然热释光测量及伽马能谱测量的综合曲线出发,分析了油藏上、圈闭边缘及外侧的放射性异常特征,从而得出在油层上放时性异常特征为放射性低值,在圈闭边缘以外其放射性异常特征为放射性高值,并通过已知井进行了检正.由此提出可在构造圈闭的有利地段,利用简便的放射性综合测量对延吉盆地的勘探布钻进行指导,从而对延吉盆地的油气资源作出评价. 相似文献
15.
为了研究含油气盆地下生上储式油源断裂附近油气成藏规律,在油源断裂输导和遮挡配置油气运聚机制及有利部位研究的基础上,通过确定油源断裂伴生裂缝发育部位和储集油气砂体分布区,确定油源断裂输导油气有利部位;通过确定油源断裂侧向封油气部位和储集砂体分布区,确定油源断裂遮挡油气有利部位,二者结合建立了一套油源断裂输导和遮挡配置油气成藏有利部位的预测方法,并将其应用于渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷板桥断裂在始新统沙河街组一段下亚段(沙一下亚段)内输导和遮挡配置油气成藏有利部位的预测中,结果表明:板桥断裂在沙一下亚段内输导和遮挡配置油气成藏有利部位主要分布在其东北中部,少量分布在西南东部,有利于下伏始新统沙河街组三段(沙三段)源岩生成油气在沙一下亚段内运聚成藏,与目前板桥断裂附近沙一下亚段内已发现油气主要分布在其东北中部,少量分布在西南东部相吻合,表明该方法用于预测油源断裂输导和遮挡配置油气成藏有利部位是可行的。 相似文献
16.
原油族组分在煤中留存能力的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了煤及其干酪根对不同组分油气的留烃能力.将原油分成5个组分,引入溶胀理论,对低、中、高成熟度的煤及其干酪根在不同溶解度参数的溶剂中进行了溶胀实验,获得不同成熟度的煤及其干酪根的溶胀特征,进而得到不同成熟度的煤及其干酪根对5个组分的留烃能力.R°在0.4%～1.25%范围内的煤及其干酪根,其溶胀比随着煤的成熟度增加而降低;而R°大于1.25%的干酪根,其溶胀度则随着Ⅲ型干酪根的成熟度的增加而升高.在"油窗"范围内,随着成熟度的变化,煤和Ⅲ型干酪根的溶胀比降低,表明其留烃能力在下降.对于具有中等溶解度参数的组分,其留烃能力下降约20%. 相似文献
17.
M. E. Essington 《Environmental Geology》1992,19(2):83-89
Large volumes of solid waste material will be produced during the commercial production of shale oil. An alternative to the disposal of the solid waste product is utilization. One potential use of spent oil shale is for the stabilization of hazardous organic compounds. The objective of this study was to examine the adsorption of pyridine, commonly found in oil shale process water, by spent oil shale. The adsorption of pyridine by fresh and weathered samples of combusted New Albany Shale and Green River Formation oil shale was examined. In general, pyridine adsorption can be classified as L-type and the isotherms modeled with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. For the combusted New Albany Shale, weathering reduced the predicted pyridine adsorption maximum and increased the amount of pyridine adsorbed at low solution concentrations. For the combusted Green River Formation oil shales, weathering increased the predicted pyridine adsorption maximum. The pyridine adsorption isotherms were similar to those produced for a combusted Australian oil shale. Although adsorption can be mathematically described by empirical models, the reduction in solution concentrations of pyridine was generally less than 10 mg/l at an initial concentration of 100 mg/l. Clearly, the observed reduction in solution pyridine concentrations does not sufficiently justify using spent oil shale as a stabilizing medium. However, data in the literature suggest that other organic compounds can be effectively removed from solution by spent oil shale and that adsorption is dependent on process conditions and organic compound type. 相似文献
18.
探讨了不同温度下膨胀石墨对纯机油的饱和吸附，采用静态吸附和动态过滤方法研究了膨胀石墨对水面漂浮机油的吸附效果。结果表明，饱和吸附量与其膨胀容积和温度有关，最大可达80．7g／g；在小于饱和吸附量的情况下，静态吸附后水中残留油含量与初始油浓度和膨胀容积有关，一般在50mg／L以下，经一次动态过滤，滤液中残留油含量已低于检测限，多次过滤冲洗亦未使已吸附机油脱附。膨胀石墨对机油具有超大饱和吸附量，静态和动态方法都可有效清除水面漂浮机油。 相似文献
19.
针对烃源岩生成的原油物性随热演化如何变化的问题,本文基于对准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组和吉木萨尔凹陷中二叠统芦草沟组下段源储紧邻自生自储页岩油物性、地化特征、成藏特征及原油物性与烃源岩热演化关系的分析,综合烃源岩生烃热模拟实验结果与国内外相关文献资料,首次确认了咸化湖相烃源岩生成的原油物性与烃源岩热演化程度之间的变化规律。认为页岩油源岩生成的原油密度和黏度具有随热演化程度增强先增加而后降低的规律,其中生油高峰附近生成的原油非烃相对含量、密度和黏度最高。该认识不仅是对已有的石油地质学中原油物性随热演化规律认识的进一步厘定和修正,而且对页岩油甜点段、甜点区的选择以及页岩油原位转化等都有极为重要和现实的指导作用。 相似文献
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非常规油气领域是目前油气勘探和开发的热点领域, 也是石油工业的发展趋向, 非常规油气的成藏研究对非常规油气勘探具有重要指导意义。非常规油气与常规油气成藏的最本质区别在于非常规油气是非浮力驱动聚集, 这主要是由于致密储集层中微纳米级孔隙发育导致毛细管阻力较大, 同时缺乏提供强大浮力的有利条件。根据烃源岩演化与非常规油气成藏的关系, 将非常规油气资源分为油页岩、页岩油、致密油、页岩气、致密气和煤层气6种类型。油页岩、页岩油、煤层气和页岩气的源储组合特征都是“源储一体”, 而致密油气源储组合有2种类型：一种是源储叠置的临源型致密油气, 另一种是与常规油气藏类似的源储不相临、但距离不远的近源型致密油气。成藏动力学上的差异使非常规油气藏在地质上表现为大面积分布、局部富集、油气赋存具有明显的“滞留”或短距运移特征、没有明显的圈闭边界和无统一的油水界面等特点。 相似文献