共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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针对干旱地区平原绿洲水土资源利用的特点,建立了以农区土壤水为中心的干旱区平原绿洲散耗型水文模型。散耗型模型考虑了水在不同介质和不同形态之间的交换或转化,并重点考虑人类活动如引水灌溉、地下水的开采等对水平衡的影响。模型把研究区划分为河段、泉井、水库湖泊、农区和非农区五类水均衡模块,水均衡模块之间通过地表渠系、地下水侧渗进行水量交换。应用模型可以对研究区农区、非农区各自的蒸发量、农区向非农区地下水迁移量等干旱区主要水分散耗项进行分析。 相似文献
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天津市地下水流-地面沉降耦合模型 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
天津市平原区地面沉降主要由地下水大量开采引起,影响范围广、危害大,已成为天津市主要的环境地质问题。分析了研究区的水文地质条件,结合地下水开发利用状况,将研究区概化为6个含水层组,地下水流考虑三维非稳定流,地面沉降选用一维固结压缩模型,运用地下水流模型Modflow 2005和地面沉降模拟模块 Sub,建立了天津市平原区地下水流-地面沉降数值耦合模型,模型面积为1.1×104 km2,利用1998-2008年地下水位等值线、过程线、地面沉降过程线等资料对模型进行了识别。模拟期的地下水均衡分析表明,在多年开采条件下,越流补给、压缩释水、侧向边界流入分别占深层含水层补给量的41.84％、32.15％和24.17％。将调试后的模型应用于南水北调实施后地下水控采条件下的地面沉降趋势预测,显示出停采或减少地下水的开采,有利于减缓地面沉降下降速度,且表现出开采层位越往下,地面沉降恢复难度越大的变化趋势。 相似文献
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干旱区绿洲地下水位调控方法与模型研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
适宜的地下水位是干旱区绿洲健康稳定发展的基础。从地下水生态水位的调控机理、调控方法、调控模型和应用实践入手,综述了干旱区绿洲地下水生态水位调控的研究进展:地表水与地下水相互转化规律是干旱区绿洲地下水生态水位调控的理论基础,掌握人类活动强烈影响下的地表水与地下水的响应关系是关键;地下水的补给、排泄和开发利用是实现地下水位调控的三个主要途径,不同调控方法在作用环节、适用性及效果方面存在显著差异;基于不同的研究重点,目前形成了以水资源配置、水循环过程和生态过程为核心的三类调控模型;建议继续深化强人类活动影响下干旱区绿洲生态水文响应机理与演变规律研究,构建基于调控措施-循环转化-响应反馈的地下水生态水位调控体系。 相似文献
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地下水生态水位是干旱区绿洲水资源管理、地下水保护和生态环境保护的关键指标。从地下水生态水位的概念、确定方法、阈值区间等方面入手,综述了干旱区绿洲地下水生态水位研究的重要进展及未来发展建议：（1）干旱区绿洲地下水生态水位存在显著的多功能性和尺度特征;（2）生态调查统计与分析、模型计算分析和遥感统计分析是确定地下水生态水位的主要方法;（3）区域地下水埋深适合控制在2.0~4.0m,不同功能地下水埋深阈值差异显著,这种差异性主要受气候、下垫面植被、土壤、地质条件等因素影响;（4）建议加强多尺度、多维度的干旱区绿洲地下水生态水位阈值研究。 相似文献
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额济纳绿洲地下水动态与植被退化关系的研究 总被引：36，自引：5，他引：36
根据"九五"期间承担的原地质矿产部重点项目和科技部攻关项目的研究成果,对额济纳绿洲地下水动态和均衡特征进行了全面分析:近年来额济纳平原地下水补给量小于排泄量,含水层储量每年减少92.5×10\6m3,地下水处于负均衡状态;中深层地下水动态变化不显著,潜水动态变化复杂,水位普遍下降,部分地区降幅在2.0～3.0 m. 受地下水动态变化影响,绿洲区植被严重退化,胡杨林、柽柳林等地表植被大面积死亡,土地沙漠化加剧,绿洲的主要生态功能衰退. 在分析地下水动态变化对绿洲植被影响的基础上,提出了通过改变水资源利用方式,调整地下水动态,保护和恢复绿洲植被的途径和措施. 相似文献
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黑河中游绿洲典型灌区地下水资源总均衡估算 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据对研究区多年的水文地质观测资料的分析和研究,建立了黑河中游典型灌区地下水水资源总均衡模型,选取了黑河干流具有代表性的平川、板桥、鸭暖和蓼泉灌区,对地下水均衡模型中的补给项及排泄项的主要变量分别进行了估算,结果表明:各灌区均衡期内地下水动态资料计算的均衡期始末地下水储存量变化与模型计算的均衡差基本相近,其相对误差为-17.6%,说明均衡模型对于估算内陆绿洲灌区地下水资源均衡是比较准确的。 相似文献
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西北干旱区地下水生态功能评价指标体系构建与应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西北干旱区降水稀少、蒸发强烈,水资源紧缺,自然湖泊湿地、天然植被绿洲和土壤盐渍化程度对地下水生态水位具有强烈依赖性,因此,西北干旱区地下水生态功能评价指标体系构建成为一个重要课题.本文基于对干旱区不同类型生态状况与地下水位埋深之间关系的机制研究,构建了以浅层地下水埋藏状况为核心要素的"西北干旱区地下水生态功能评价指标体系",它由地下水对自然湿地景观维持性、天然植被绿洲维持性、农田土地质量维持性及其隶属的6项要素指标构成;在石羊河流域中、下游平原区应用结果表明,该套指标体系可为西北干旱区地下水功能评价提供参考,同时还表征石羊河流域中、下游平原区地下水生态功能脆弱,生态功能较弱和弱的分布范围占示范应用区总面积的87.86％,地下水生态功能强、较强分布范围仅占5.07％.由此可见,进一步提高西北干旱区地下水生态功能保护能力刻不容缓. 相似文献
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《地下水》2017,(6)
喀什平原区是沙漠与戈壁交界的绿洲平原,属于典型的水质型缺水地区,地下水的化学特征主要表现为高硫酸盐、高硬度、高矿化度。本文针对喀什平原区300 m以浅钻孔中完成的地下水样品硫同位素进行测试,结果显示,地下水中δ34S值均为正值,δ34S值范围为2.1‰~13.6‰之间。采用统计、对比分析的方法 ,研究了喀什平原区地下水中硫同位素分布特征及其硫酸盐来源,表明研究区地下水中的硫酸盐主要来自于不同沉积相蒸发岩的溶解以及大气降水的补给。从区域分布看,南部盖孜河地下水流亚系统的地下水中硫酸盐浓度相对较低,北部克孜勒河地下水流亚系统的地下水硫酸盐浓度较高,沿水流方向,SO42-的浓度逐渐增加,而δ34S值变化不大,是蒸发浓缩和沿程累积共同作用的结果。研究结果为喀什平原区水质典型缺水地区的地下水资源开发、利用与保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
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地质学报 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(2):18-369
The arid area is one of the most concerned areas among the water resources researchers and economists. Northwest China will be an important developing region of China in the 21st century. Yaoba is a well-irrigation oasis within this arid area, which is located in the Alxa area west of the Helan Mountains and next to the Tengger desert in the east. It has contributed greatly to the local stock raising and agriculture since its development in 1970. However, the groundwater which the oasis depends on to survive has been getting salinized gradually and more serious in recent years.A comprehensive study was carried out using the methods of groundwater environment isotope analysis, lithofaci-es and palaeogeography, calculations of water-rock interaction and the existing form of chemical components in groundwater etc. It has been found that the salinization of groundwater is mainly caused by reinfiltration water solving the salt in soil which is deposited simultaneously with the sediments and accumulated in th 相似文献
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干旱区高山-盆地系统深部水资源的赋存和估算——以河西走廊西段为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
现行西北地区水资源评价，是基于下列水文地质概念模型：（1）作为主要补给源地的山区，其与盆地之间存在“阻水屏障”；（2）山区形成的地下水基本上已全部汇入出山河谷，流向盆地绿洲，经实地勘探水化学同位素分析与资料研究，认为现行“模型”不符合地质实际。在引用国外高山区产流数值模拟成果的基础上，采用比拟法估算出研究区，由山区通过基岩向盆地绿洲作侧向补给的大致数量。新概念模型的建立，意味着西北高山－盆地系统的绿洲基岩不深处，赋存有相当数量以前未被计入的、可供开发的水资源。 相似文献
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Groundwater simulation using a numerical model under different water resources management scenarios in an arid region of China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Shaoyuan Feng Zailin Huo Shaozhong Kang Zejun Tang Fengxin Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(5):961-971
Groundwater plays an important role in the economic development and ecological balance of the arid area of northwest China.
Unfortunately, human activity, for example groundwater extraction for irrigation, have resulted in excessive falls in groundwater
level, and aquifer overdraft in the oasis, disrupting the natural equilibrium of these systems. A groundwater numerical model
for Minqin oasis, an arid area of northwest China, was developed using FEFLOW software to simulate regional groundwater changes
under transient conditions. The vertical recharge and discharge (source/sink terms) of the groundwater models were determined
from land-use data and irrigation systems for the different crops in the different sub-areas. The calibrated model was used
to predict the change for the period from 2000 to 2020 under various water resources management scenarios. Simulated results
showed that under current water resources management conditions groundwater levels at Minqin oasis are in a continuous drawdown
trend and groundwater depth will be more than 30 m by 2020. Reducing the irrigation area is more effective than water-saving
irrigation to reduce groundwater decline at Minqin oasis and the annual groundwater budget would be −0.978 × 108 m3. In addition, water-diversion projects can also reduce the drawdown trend of groundwater at Minqin oasis, and the groundwater
budget in the Huqu sub-area would be in zero equilibrium if the annual inflow into the oasis was enhanced to 2.51 × 108 m3. Furthermore, integrative water resources management including water-diversion projects, water-saving irrigation, and reducing
the irrigation area are the most effective measures for solving groundwater problems at Minqin oasis. 相似文献
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干旱区绿洲灌区水资源集中开发使用,改变了地下水潜流场分布,造成了盐渍化和荒漠化并存的生态问题,严重威胁着绿洲的生态安全。以生态圈层结构理论为基础,深化研究潜水影响层概念内涵,构建干旱平原区潜水蒸发概念性模型,以黑河罗城灌区为例,从机理上揭示干旱区荒漠化与盐渍化的地下水埋深条件并进行定量计算与调控,主要成果如下:①描述了造成内陆河干旱区绿洲内部盐渍化和过渡带荒漠化的潜水蒸发运移规律,利用潜水影响层定义了盐渍化与荒漠化地下水临界埋深,并进行了定量计算,得到罗城灌区绿洲内部次生盐渍化的地下水临界埋深为1.3~1.5 m,过渡带荒漠化地下水临界埋深为8~13 m;②讨论了潜水影响层厚度定量公式中关键参数土壤当量孔径和液体表面张力在不同生态问题中的合理取值;③提出一种协同缓解干旱区盐渍化和荒漠化的地下水位调控方案,实现改善灌区内部盐渍化、控制过渡带荒漠化和水资源高效利用等多个目标。 相似文献
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Xiaobin Zhu Jichun Wu Huijun Nie Fei Guo Jianfeng Wu Kouping Chen Penghui Liao Hongxia Xu Xiankui Zeng 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(5):1475-1485
Inter-basin water transfer projects (IBWTPs) can involve basins as water donors and water receivers. In contrast to most studies on IBWTPs, which mainly impact the surface-water eco-environment, this study focuses on the impacts of an IBWTP on groundwater and its eco-environment in a water donor basin in an arid area, where surface water and groundwater are exchanged. Surface water is assumed to recharge groundwater and a groundwater numerical simulation model was constructed using MODFLOW. The model was used to quantitatively evaluate the impact of an IBWTP located in the upstream portion of Nalenggele River (the biggest river in the Qaidam basin, Northwest China). The impact involved decrease in spring flow, drawdown of groundwater, reduction in oasis area, and an increase in species replacement of oasis vegetation in the midstream and downstream of the river. Results show that the emergence sites of springs at the front of the oasis will move 2–5 km downstream, and the outflow of springs will decrease by 42 million m3/a. The maximum drawdown of groundwater level at the front of the oasis will be 3.6 m and the area across which groundwater drawdown exceeds 2.0 m will be about 59.02 km2, accounting for 2.71% of the total area of the oasis. Under such conditions, reeds will gradually be replaced by Tamarix, shrubs, and other alternative plant species. These findings have important implications for the optimization of water resource allocation and protection of the eco-environment in arid regions. 相似文献
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Groundwater flow and solute transport at the Mourquong saline-water disposal basin, Murray Basin, southeastern Australia 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Craig T. Simmons Kumar A. Narayan Juliette A. Woods Andrew L. Herczeg 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(2):278-295
Saline groundwater and drainage effluent from irrigation are commonly stored in some 200 natural and artificial saline-water
disposal basins throughout the Murray-Darling Basin of Australia. Their impact on underlying aquifers and the River Murray,
one of Australia's major water supplies, is of serious concern. In one such scheme, saline groundwater is pumped into Lake
Mourquong, a natural groundwater discharge complex. The disposal basin is hydrodynamically restricted by low-permeability
lacustrine clays, but there are vulnerable areas in the southeast where the clay is apparently missing. The extent of vertical
and lateral leakage of basin brines and the processes controlling their migration are examined using (1) analyses of chloride
and stable isotopes of water (2H/1H and 18O/16O) to infer mixing between regional groundwater and lake water, and (2) the variable-density groundwater flow and solute-transport
code SUTRA. Hydrochemical results indicate that evaporated disposal water has moved at least 100 m in an easterly direction
and that there is negligible movement of brines in a southerly direction towards the River Murray. The model is used to consider
various management scenarios. Salt-load movement to the River Murray was highest in a "worst-case" scenario with irrigation
employed between the basin and the River Murray. Present-day operating conditions lead to little, if any, direct movement
of brine from the basin into the river.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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新疆开都-孔雀河流域绿洲需水量与稳定性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
水是绿洲存在和发展的核心, 干旱区绿洲稳定性与水密切相关. 根据2000-2009年资料, 采用蒸发系数法和定额法估算开都-孔雀河流域绿洲自然生态系统和社会经济系统综合需水量, 并对水资源约束条件下的绿洲稳定性进行初步探讨. 结果表明: 2000-2009年, 绿洲年均总需水量理论值约为54.80×108 m3, 其中开都河绿洲总需水量约为20.55×108 m3, 孔雀河绿洲总需水量约为21.90×108 m3, 博斯腾湖区耗水量约为12.35×108 m3, 与绿洲10 a平均供水量相比, 供需表现出极大地不平衡性. 水资源可承载绿洲面积(不含博斯腾湖)约为3139.66 km2, 其中可承载灌溉地面积约为1395.41 km2, 与绿洲10 a平均面积5 248 km2相比, 差别较大, 绿洲处于不稳定状态, 现状绿洲面积应适当收缩. 最后, 对博斯腾湖最低生态水位进行讨论, 初步把大湖最低水位定为海拔1 045 m, 小湖最低生态水位定为海拔1 046.5 m. 相似文献
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Water sustainability model for estimation of groundwater availability in Kemuning district,Riau-Indonesia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Muhammad Juandi 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(1):20-29
There are rising interests in the utility of groundwater in various aspects,which is capable of triggering problematic issues.The excessive exploitation for anthropologic uses,without regards to aquifer capacity,will decreases the water table as well as capacity of groundwater in the aquifer.This research was aimed to provide aquifer model of underground water by consideration of various environmental factors,with the propensity of being modeled,in an attempt to predict groundwater conditions in subsequent years.The purpose of this research was to forecast water requirements,availability,as well as three-dimensional model of groundwater depth in Kemuning,Indragiri Hilir Regency-Indonesia between 2015 and 2022.Furthermore,various environmental factors,from aquifer profiles to anthropologic demand,are taken into account in the evaluated model,including water requirements,encompassing recharge and aquifer parameters,which consists of storativity and transmissivity.From anthropologic side are domestic requirements,trade,public facilities,agriculture,and livestock.The results show that groundwater availability in Kemuning is to be safe condition,and average difference is 1.06×108 m3/yr.The coefficient of storativity and transmissivity are 16.514 m2/day and 9897.26 m2/day,respectively,while the average depth was recorded as 2.8965 m to 10.4927 m. 相似文献