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1.
桂南红层岩溶及其发育控制因素探讨 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
桂南红层岩溶形态主要表现为岩溶缓丘、地下溶洞、岩溶泉以及地下河、天窗等。在地下50m深度范围,溶洞高0.5～3m,多为无充填溶洞,发育数量随深度增加而减少。岩溶泉类型有上升泉和下降泉,泉水流量变化较大。目前尚未发现仅由红层作为含水层的地下河。桂南红层岩溶的发育程度及形态特征与岩性、构造及水文地质条件有关。红层岩溶主要发育于红层盆地边缘的钙质砾岩中。红层的层组结构可分为单一型和互层型,单一型岩溶发育相对强烈,互层型以岩溶顺层发育为特征。通常,在可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带附近红层溶洞发育;在断裂破碎带以及河谷地带红层岩溶发育强烈,溶洞规模较大。 相似文献
2.
鄂西南岩溶地区表层岩溶带发育强度变化规律研究 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
鄂西南岩溶地区表层岩溶个体形态复杂多样,表层岩溶带发育与鄂西南地区岩溶地质环境条件及岩溶发育演变的历史过程密切相关.因此,通过野外地质调查与收集"沪蓉西"高速公路勘察资料.采用系统工程地质分析为主的方法,研究了表层岩溶带在不同的地质构造部位、地层岩性、地形地貌部位及深部岩溶水补径排区的发育强度及其变化规律.详细论述了表层岩溶带的空间发育强度.首次定量界定了该区表层岩溶带的最大发育深度为56.54m,最浅为4.5m,阐明了表层岩溶带从山顶、山脊到山脚、沟谷由弱到强的总体变化规律. 相似文献
3.
塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶发育模式的测井分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
构造运动控制着岩溶发育的期次。塔河油田奥陶系主要发育了加里东中期岩溶和海西早期的两期岩溶。加里东中期岩溶保留于本区南部下奥陶统,岩溶较弱,以发育小的溶孔为特征;海西早期的两期岩溶发育于北部下奥陶统,岩溶较强,以大型溶洞、地下暗河为特征。各期岩溶在纵向上可分为三个带：地表岩溶带、垂直渗沈岩溶带和水平潜流岩溶带。利用各岩溶带自然伽玛测井、井径测井、双侧向电阻率、密度测井、中子孔隙度测井、声波副井和地层檄电阻率成傈测井的响应特征,对两口典型井岩溶带进行划分。以“双峰灰岩”为标准,对两口井的岩海带进行横向对比,建立加里东中期和海西早期岩溶空间分布与发育强度的模式。 相似文献
4.
潜山储层是潜山油气成藏的重要条件, 潜山领域是涠西南凹陷今后的重要勘探领域。本文综合运用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、碳-氧同位素测定、包裹体测温、钻录井及测井资料对涠西南凹陷碳酸盐岩潜山储层开展研究。研究表明, 涠西南碳酸盐岩潜山储层主要为岩溶储层, 并且发育同生-准同生期岩溶、埋藏岩溶和表生岩溶三种不同环境的岩溶作用, 其中以表生岩溶作用为主; 表生岩溶储层自上而下划分为表层岩溶带、垂直渗流带和水平潜流带; 各个岩溶带在横向上具有可对比性。工区碳酸盐岩岩溶发育程度受沉积相、古地貌及后期构造运动控制: 潮坪沉积环境下的白云岩的岩溶储层更发育; 古地貌的岩溶斜坡区岩溶更发育; 新生代断裂构造作用调整了原始岩溶储层带的分布深度, 导致现今不同潜山间的岩溶储层带分布深度有差异。 相似文献
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岩溶高原地下水径流系统垂向分带 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
大量的矿产资源采掘、地质勘探、洞穴探测、示踪试验等揭露和观测研究发现地下水径流系统的分带性是客观存在的。根据含水层的埋藏条件、地下径流的空间形态、地下水动力性质、地下水循环深度和流程的差异,岩溶高原地下水径流系统垂向上可划分为:浅循环径流带、深循环径流带2大类,进一步划分为:表层径流带、垂向渗流带、季节波动带、潜水—承压水径流带及层状承压径流带、带状承压径流带6个分带。岩溶高原地下水径流系统分带主要由地层沉积旋回、地质构造切割及组合、地形地貌起伏变化、岩溶发育分带特性所决定。 相似文献
7.
研究古岩溶发育特征及古地貌恢复对于华北煤田岩溶水害防治具有重要指导意义。以华北板块南缘淮南舜耕山奥陶系古岩溶为对象，采用野外地质踏勘、分段剖面测量以及残余厚度法等工作方法，揭露了古岩溶发育特征和恢复基岩面剖面起伏形态，并结合现代岩溶理论，从形成条件的角度剖析不同岩溶带的空间变化规律。本文认为马家沟组主要发育大型岩溶缝洞，内部充填物少，而萧县组沿层面发育层间岩溶，充填岩溶角砾，且内部充填方解石由东向西逐渐增多。舜耕山奥陶系古岩溶发育程度自东向西、自上至下逐步减弱。该地区奥陶系古地貌呈东高西低，可划分为残丘、缓坡、陡坡和洼地等4个三级岩溶地貌单元。通过对古岩溶地质条件、古水流径流方式以及古岩溶发育特征等因素的考察与分析，古岩溶地貌从上至下可分为表层岩溶带、垂向渗流带、水平潜流带和深部缓流带。其中，残丘和缓坡的表层岩溶带和垂向渗流带岩溶最为发育，在沉积层面间常发育成大型岩溶缝洞，且在地下水流发生改变时，易形成岩溶塌陷。 相似文献
8.
川中磨溪-高石地区震旦系灯影组受桐湾运动Ⅰ幕和Ⅱ幕的影响,致使灯二段及灯四段顶部遭受风化剥蚀,区内大规模发育的溶蚀孔洞在测井曲线上具有明显的响应特征。通过对研究区的钻井、常规测井及FMI成像等资料分析,将研究区岩溶剖面从上而下分为地表岩溶带、垂直渗流岩溶带、水平潜流岩溶带及深部缓流岩溶带。研究表明,地表岩溶带由风化残余物杂乱堆积而成,水平潜流岩溶带顺层孔洞发育,二者是研究区储层最为发育层位;渗流岩溶带储层较发育,深部潜流带储层不发育。从区域上看,研究区位于古岩溶斜坡带,从南西向北东方向,岩溶作用逐渐增强。 相似文献
9.
碳酸盐岩往往含有较多泥质夹层,多发育浅部岩溶裂隙,影响工程基础稳定性。文章依托广西合山市溯河矿区某道路浅部岩溶调查成果,分析了薄层灰岩岩溶宏观形态和垂直分布特征,按照溶蚀程度将其分为碎屑残留带、表层岩溶带和下部包气带;通过室内溶蚀试验,分析了矿物组成、CO2及水动力条件影响下的溶蚀规律;对比分析了薄层和厚层岩溶发育特征。结果表明:（1）薄层灰岩浅部岩溶发育程度与微地貌有关,通常在山谷和地下水强径流带溶蚀作用更为强烈;（2）薄层灰岩溶蚀优先开始于方解石,在岩石表面形成溶孔、粗糙程度增加,提供了侵蚀性溶液流动通道;（3）薄层灰岩岩溶较厚层灰岩岩溶规模小,分布较为均匀,由地表土体渗入地下岩体的地下水含有较多侵蚀性CO2水溶液,会促进岩溶作用的进行;（4）薄层灰岩浅部岩溶发育分布模型为:发育均匀的微小溶蚀裂隙在溶蚀下渗过程中遇到软弱夹层时会沿水平向扩展并随进一步溶蚀作用被充填,垂向深部发展时溶蚀作用逐步消散。 相似文献
10.
昆明市岩溶塌陷发育特征和防治措施 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
昆明市是岩溶塌陷危害较重的城市之一.岩溶塌陷主要集中分布在翠湖一圆通山、金马寺等8个地段,已形成塌陷坑405个,发生时间主要在6-9月,该时段形成的塌陷占全年发生数的73%.岩溶塌陷多发育于地下岩溶发育、松散盖层厚度小于15m、地下水位埋深小于20m的地段.碳酸盐岩岩溶发育、松散盖层厚度较小和水动力条件(降水、地表水和地下水)是昆明市岩溶塌陷产生的必要条件,其中地下水的作用对岩溶塌陷的形成至关重要.昆明市岩溶塌陷机理主要有地下水位升降致塌、地表水下渗致塌和动荷载致塌3种类型.防治方法主要包括避让、合理开采地下水的预防措施和防渗封闭、结构物跨越及地下加固处理的工程措施. 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2015
This paper investigates sweat to deepen theoretical understandings of how gender is lived. To do so we adopt a visceral approach that opens possibilities of thinking geographically about the affective ties and emotional bonds of sweat to engage with feminist logics of embodiment. Our interest is in what sweaty bodies can ‘do’. Attention is given to the way that affects, emotions and sensations associated with being sweaty, smelling sweat, as well as touching one’s own sweat, and that of others, provides insights into the gendered lives of people as they move through different context. Our analysis of how gendered is lived through sweaty bodies draws on ‘Summer Living’ narratives of 17 participants who understand themselves as men and live in Wollongong, a city of around 280,000 people on the east coast of New South Wales, Australia. We illustrate the theoretical significance of thinking about sweat for gender and geography by discussing the ambiguity, proximity and collectivity of sweaty bodies; and, the fragility, multiplicity and vitality of sweaty bodies. To conclude we outline how a visceral approach provides possibilities to improve household sustainability policies. 相似文献
13.
Sulfide minerals in the Boulder batholith occur 1. as disseminated grains, visible in hand specimens; 2. in aplitic-pegmatitic pods and masses; 3. along joint and shear surfaces; 4. in hydrothermal veins; and 5. as minute masses within pyrite and silicate minerals and along intergranular sites. Hydrothermally altered rocks have an average sulfide content of 0.8 weight per cent, compared to an average of 0.01 per cent for unaltered rocks. Unaltered rock of the batholith may contain as much as 0.7 weight per cent sulfide. Sulfide inclusions in pyrite, the most abundant sulfide of the batholith, are common and represent a captured iss-phase which later changed to chalcopyrite plus pyrrhotite or mackinawite. Inclusions are most abundant, and more complex, in pyrites of hydrothermally altered and ore rocks. Electron-probe analyses show that pyrites of the Boulder batholith have very similar compositions to those found for pyrites from other ore deposits around the world. 相似文献
14.
Arsenic concentrations of less than 5 ppb to as large as 1,260 ppb in stream waters and from 5 ppm to 4,000 ppm in stream
sediments were found in the Pedro Dome-Cleary Summit area, Alaska. Waters from three of 20 wells sampled had arsenic concentrations
exceeding the U.S. Public Health Service recommended limit of 50 ppb. The high arsenic levels are a consequence of arsenic
enrichment in the rocks of the area. Placer and lode-gold mining may increase the arsenic content of the waters by exposing
arsenic-containing rocks to surface waters and by increasing the load of arsenic-rich sediments in the streams. Finding these
disturbingly large concentrations of arsenic in the waters of the Fairbanks area was the major result of this work, inasmuch
as a subsequent study (to be published) revealed arsenic concentrations as large as 10 ppm in domestic wells and prompted
an extensive study by Federal and State agencies of the health hazard posed by these arsenic-rich waters. 相似文献
15.
Polished and thin section examinations of samples from Indiana Coal Bed V (Springfield) have shown three sulfides to be present; namely pyrite, marcasite and sphalerite. Pyrite and marcasite are dominant forms whereas sphalerite is very minor. These sulfides appear to have formed in four distinct stages as judged on the basis of mineralogy and mineral texture. Pyrite occurs as framboids throughout the coal seam, as fibrous crystals in two horizons of the coal and in massive form as cleat fillings and cell fillings in fusinite and semi-fusinite. Marcasite occurs in spherical polycrystalline and twinned grains, as polycrystalline overgrowths on framboids, as cementing material for clusters of framboids, as blocky polycrystalline grains and with pyrite as cell fillings in fusinite and semi-fusinite. Sphalerite occurs exclusively as cell fillings in semi-fusinite. The paragenetic sequence indicates fluctuations in the overall coal bed chemistry. Individual sections display evidence of chemical variation on the micro scale. 相似文献
16.
M. Ahmed 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1996,30(4):319-325
There are five workable coal beds in the Tikak Parbat Formation of the Barail Group in the Makum coalfield, Tinsukia District, Assam. Two of these beds, 18 and 6 m thick, are persistent across the field. The coal is high volatile bituminous B/C, has excellent coking properties, and is of great importance as a blending coal to improve the coking properties of the lower-quality Gondwanan coals.These coals are bimacerites as vitrinertite or trimacerites as duroclarite. Virtrinite predominates with minor amounts of other macerals and minerals. The high percentage of vitrinite indicates that the bark and woody tissues were the dominant contributors to the precursor peat. These peats were strongly decomposed under anaerobic conditions as indicated by the abundance of the collinite type of vitrinite. 相似文献
17.
A solution of dilute hydrochloric acid, ascorbic acid, and potassium iodide has been found to dissolve weakly bound metals in soils, stream sediments, and oxidized rocks. Silver, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn are selectively extracted from this solution by a mixture of Aliquat 336 (tricaprylyl methyl ammonium chloride) and MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone). Because potentially interfering major and minor elements do not extract, the organic separation allows interference-free determinations of Ag and Cd to the 0.05 ppm level, Mo, Cu, and Zn to 0.5 ppm, and Bi, Pb, and Sb to 1 ppm in the sample using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The analytical absorbance values of the organic solution used in the proposed method are generally enhanced more than threefold as compared to aqueous solutions, due to more efficient atomization and burning characteristics. The leaching and extraction procedures are extremely rapid; as many as 100 samples may be analyzed per day, yielding 800 determinations, and the technique is adaptable to field use.The proposed method was compared to total digestion methods for geochemical reference samples as well as soils and stream sediments from mineralized and unmineralized areas. The partial leach showed better anomaly contrasts than did total digestions. Because the proposed method is very rapid and is sensitive to pathfinder elements for several types of ore deposits, it should be useful for reconnaissance surveys for concealed deposits. 相似文献
18.
Susan E. Hogg 《Earth》1982,18(1):59-76
Following McGee's (1897) use of the term sheetflood, there developed a variety of conflicting opinions and numerous terminologies relating to this process, many of which are ill-considered and poorly defined. A classification system is devised on both a hydrologic and geomorphic basis which dispenses with many superfluous terms that have been used with respect to sheetfloods. Magnitude of a storm is expressed in terms of the amount of surface runoff generated from a given storm due to the surface conditions.A sheetflood is defined as a sheet of unconfined flood water moving down a slope. The frequency of a sheetflood is relatively low while its magnitude is relatively great. Sheetflow is defined as relatively high-frequency, low-magnitude overland flow occurring in a continuous sheet and is restricted to laminar flow conditions. Sheetwash, a term of geomorphic origin, is considered to be redundant and is superseded by the more meaningful term rainwash defined as the washing action of rain on slopes. 相似文献
19.
Christophe Cloquet Olivier Rouxel Jean Carignan Guy Libourel 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2005,29(1):95-106
In this study, the Cd isotopic composition of various geological reference materials and anthropogenic samples was investigated. The measurements were made by multicollector ICP-MS and instrumental mass fractionation was controlled using a "sample-standard bracketing" technique. Cadmium isotopic data are reported relative to an internal Cd solution (Cd Spex) and expressed as the 114 Cd/110 Cd delta value. Two other Cd solutions (Prolabo and JMC) were analysed and yielded the same 0% delta value. A fractionated Cd metal sample (Münster Cd) was used as a secondary reference material for Cd isotopic measurements and we obtained a 114 Cd/110 Cd delta value of 4.48% relative to Cd Spex solution. As opposed to multi-stage Cd purification previously published in the literature, a new one step anionic exchange purification using dilute HCl for the analysis of Cd isotopes in geological samples was developed. This method enabled a high recovery (> 95%) and effective separation of the sample matrix to be achieved. The long-term external reproducibility was evaluated at 0.12% (2 standard deviations) for the 114 Cd/110 Cd ratio, based on reference solutions and replicated measurements of samples over one year. The variation of Cd isotopic composition of natural terrestrial samples is restricted to a small range of 0.4%, which is similar to previously reported results. In contrast, large variations of Cd isotopic composition were found for anthropogenic samples with values as low as −0.64% for a dust sample issued from a lead smelter and values as high as +0.50% for NIST SRM 2711 (metal-rich soil). These variations are 10 times larger than the reproducibility and suggest that Cd isotopes can be useful as tracers of anthropogenic sources of Cd in the environment. 相似文献
20.
Trevor D. Ford 《Geology Today》2013,29(6):229-237
The area around Castleton in the English county of Derbyshire has extensive outcrops of Carboniferous Limestone, showing complex sedimentary facies changes as well as interleaved extrusive basaltic volcanic rocks. Overlying these are the lower parts of the Millstone Grit, ranging from marine shales through a variety of deltaic sandstones. The limestones are hosts to hydrothermal mineral deposits, with veins containing galena, fluorspar, baryte and calcite. A unique variety of fluorspar is Blue John, mined for ornamental purposes since the mid‐eighteenth century. Landscape features include a massive landslip, dry valleys, loess, dolines, scree slopes and various karstic landforms. A complex hydrological system encompasses numerous caves, of which four are open to visitors. 相似文献