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1.
冰岩芯研究与全球变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
冰岩芯研究是古气候、古环境研究的有力手段,它将为“全球变化研究”提供多方面的气候、环境信息。在冰岩芯研究中,通过稳定同位素(δ18O或δD)、放射性10Be、微粒含量变化、冰结构变化、CO2含量变化、CH4含量变化、各种化学元素含量的变化等多种手段建立了两极地区倒数第二次冰期以来气候、环境及大气成分演化的大概轮廓。 相似文献
2.
结合含水量、TOC含量和TOC/TN比值变化曲线,18·5kaB·P·以来的四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物全岩有机碳同位素组成（δ13CTOC）记录可划分为3个阶段:1)末次冰期晚期（18·5～14·7kaB·P·）,δ13CTOC值偏正,变化范围为-29·50‰～-26·18‰,平均值约为-28·10‰;2)末次冰消期（14·7～11·7kaB·P·）,δ13CTOC值显著偏负,变化范围为-33·92‰～-28·40‰,平均值约为-31·75‰,在δ13CTOC值变化曲线上表现为一个低谷,但在类似YoungerDryas的冷干事件期间（12·7～11·7kaB·P·）,δ13CTOC值再次显著偏正,最高可达-28·4‰;3)全新世以来（11·7kaB·P.至今）,δ13CTOC值变化幅度不大（-30·85‰～-27·37‰）,基本上都在平均值-29·1‰左右。研究表明,大气CO2浓度变化是影响18·5kaB·P·以来四海龙湾玛珥湖δ13CTOC值变化的主导因素。 相似文献
3.
渐新世初期，南极大陆在短时间内出现永久性冰盖，地球由两极无冰进入到单极有冰的特殊时期。越来越多的研究表明，这一重大气候转型事件与大气CO2及大洋碳储库的变化密切相关。南大西洋ODP 1263站碳酸钙软泥的粒度分析揭示了在渐新世初期发生的强烈碳酸盐溶解事件，碳酸盐溶解超前于底栖有孔虫氧同位素重值约100 ka，显示碳酸盐溶解事件先于南极冰盖的形成。由于碳酸钙泵的作用，碳酸盐的溶解会消耗大量的大气CO2，从而可能驱动了气候的快速变冷，导致南极大陆永久性冰盖发育。 相似文献
4.
测定了新疆罗布泊地区湖相沉积物CK-2钻孔样品的总有机碳含量（TOC）及其同位素组成、碳酸盐含量和C/N比值等环境代用指标,以及石膏矿物的质谱-铀系年龄。测试结果表明,20～9kaB.P.期间沉积物δ13Corg.在-23.4‰～-16.1‰之间波动且阶段性明显,与TOC呈现良好的相关关系,整体变化趋势同南极Dome C冰芯中记录的全球大气CO2浓度一致;C/N比值表明有机碳来源主要是陆生高等植物。因此大气CO2浓度变化是影响20～9kaB.P.期间罗布泊湖相沉积物δ13Corg.值变化的主导因素,周围山体上C3/C4植物相对生物量的变化则是另一重要因素。依据δ13Corg.的变化序列将此时间段湖区古环境的演化分成6个阶段:20.0～14.1kaB.P.期间受到末次盛冰期的影响,气温偏低,湖水丰沛;14.1～13.3kaB.P.是一个气候不稳定期,冷暖波动较频繁,但以暖为趋势;13.3～12.8kaB.P.期间经历了一段冷期,于12.8kaB.P.结束了末次冰期,随后气候开始转暖至11.8kaB.P.;其后气温再次变冷并维持到10kaB.P.;最后从10kaB.P.进入全新世暖期。δ13Corg.序列明显向偏负方向变化,表明该地区变暖的趋势相当明显。罗布泊地区日益干旱化是全球气候变化的结果,尤其是受到全球CO2浓度的不断升高所制约。 相似文献
5.
对采自浙江西天目山地区的3株柳杉树盘,交叉定年后,测定了3株树轮δ13C的年序列,分析了3株树轮δ13C序列中所含的共同环境变化信息。用二项式拟合法去除气候因素引起的3个δ13C序列的高频变化,得到3个低频变化序列。分析了theLowDome冰芯记录的大气CO2浓度与树轮δ13C序列低频变化趋势的关系,建立了相应的转移函数,重建了天目山地区1685年以来大气CO2浓度变化。结果表明:用3株树轮δ13C序列重建的结果有较好的一致性,并与南极冰芯的记录及前人研究结果有很好的吻合。这一结果表明用同一地区不同树木个体的树轮δ13C序列的低频变化序列可以重建出基本一致的大气CO2浓度变化历史。 相似文献
6.
渐新世初大冰期事件: 南大西洋ODP1265站的记录 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
始新世—渐新世(EO) 过渡期间, 地球由两极无冰的“温室地球”进入到南极有冰的“冰室地球”, 其中以发生在早渐新世初的大冰期事件尤为意义重大.南大西洋ODP1265站氧碳稳定同位素在EO过渡期间发生重大变化, 表明早渐新世全球气温迅速下降, 南极大陆东部首次出现大规模永久性冰盖, 同时全球碳储库发生重大改组, 这一结果与全球其他地区的记录一致.碳酸盐含量、粗组分、浮游有孔虫碎壳率以及碳酸钙软泥的粒度在EO界线附近都发生了突变, 指示了海洋表层生产力的升高、碳酸盐补偿深度(CCD) 的突然加深以及气候快速变冷对生物和碳酸盐沉积的影响. 相似文献
7.
通过对北京东灵山草地和桦树林土壤气体CO2,N2O和CH4浓度及其排放通量的昼夜连续观测,探讨了生长季节草地和森林土壤温室气体昼夜变化及其环境影响因素。研究表明:1)土壤CO2排放通量昼高夜低,N2O排放通量有明显小时尺度波动,但昼夜变化不突出;土壤CO2和N2O浓度昼夜变化不明显,且与排放通量波动不一致;土壤是大气CH4的一个汇,相对厌氧的环境可能有利于土壤吸收CH4。2)无雨时气温昼夜变化通过影响土壤表层的气体扩散和CO2产生过程,来影响土壤CO2和N2O的地表排放通量,而对土壤10cm以下CO2和N2O的产生影响不大。小时尺度的土壤CO2和N2O浓度波动则可能还有其他影响因素或机制。3)降雨时土壤渗水引起的土壤空气对流取代气体浓度扩散成为土壤与大气空气交换的主要方式,导致土壤CO2和N2O排放通量的同步波动。降雨渗水较多时,较多的溶解氧随着雨水进入土壤内,会促进土壤CO2的生成和抑制N2O的产生。4)土壤CO2与N2O浓度存在显著的正相关关系,反映出土壤CO2和N2O有相对稳定的产率比。土壤有效碳可能是造成土壤CO2与N2O浓度正相关的主要原因,土壤空气的氧分压则可能是造成土壤CO2和N2O浓度波动不一致的重要因素。 相似文献
8.
南极地区晚第四纪环境及其与全球变化的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
南极无冰区和冰芯的记录均表明,晚更新世以来南极地区的环境和气候变化是与全球变化一致的。在最近几十年,大气CO2含量增加已引起南极地区气温升高,冰盖前缘缓慢消退。温室效应将促使南极冰盖（首先是陆缘冰）部分融化,但不可能崩溃。在今后50年内,南极冰盖部分消融引起的海面上升幅度将不超过2m。 相似文献
9.
始新世—渐新世气候转变研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
始新世—渐新世（E—O）气候转变（34 Ma前后）是新生代气候演化过程中最显著的变冷事件之一,标志着地球气候由“温室”进入“冰室”。这一转变伴随着地球环境的一系列重大变化,对于研究新生代气候变冷的驱动机制、区域气候对全球重大气候事件的响应方式、重大气候事件对生态环境及生物演替的影响等具有重要意义。近年来地质记录和气候模拟在E—O转变研究上取得了一系列重要进展：①不同纬度区的地质记录揭示出这一转变伴随着全球性的显著降温,指示其触发因素是全球性的;②气候模拟研究揭示出大气CO2浓度降低及与之联系的全球碳循环变化是导致这一转变的主因,否定了传统认为的环南极流形成导致E—O气候变冷的假说;③深海沉积记录揭示出这一转变过程持续400～500 ka,表现为全球降温和南极冰盖形成先后两阶段变化;④海—陆气候记录的对比初步揭示出陆地区域的干旱化可能主要与全球降温（对应于E—O转变的第一阶段）相关。当前对E—O气候转变的研究还存在地质记录分辨率不够高、模拟结果与地质记录不完全吻合、陆地记录相对较少等方面的不足。更精确的大气CO2浓度和温度的重建、更多高分辨率海—陆气候记录的研究以及古气候数值模拟的改进有望进一步揭示出E—O转变过程中气候系统各要素的变化特征和相互关系,为更深入认识这一转变的驱动机制提供依据。 相似文献
10.
西秦岭新生代高钾质玄武岩流体组成及其地幔动力学意义 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
西秦岭新生代高钾质玄武岩是认识大陆碰撞俯冲体制下地幔流体组成及深部动力学的岩石探针。本文采用分步加热质谱法测定了西秦岭高钾质玄武岩中斑晶及基质的流体化学组成和碳同位素组成,结果表明流体组分在200~400℃、400~800℃和800~1200℃阶段性释出,以H2O为主,其次为CO2和SO2,并含有相对较高的He含量。从橄榄石斑晶到斜长石斑晶和基质H2O和CO2逐步升高。橄榄石斑晶流体挥发份主要释气峰温度(900~1200℃)明显高于中国东部地幔捕虏体及其它地区超镁铁质岩体中的橄榄石,流体组份以SO2和CO2等氧化性组份为主,其CO2的δ13C值(-26.21‰~-20.85‰,平均-23.32‰)和CH4的δ13C值(-42.35‰~-38.17‰,平均-40.03‰)低于基质的δ13CCO2值(-16.43‰~-11.67‰,平均-13.22‰)和δ13CCH4值(-44.22‰~-34.03‰,平均-39.70‰)。基质中CO2和CH4碳同位素组成具有机质热裂解特征。原始岩浆的流体挥发份主要为SO2、N2和CO2,可能起源于较深的混杂地幔源区、演化于高fO2的环境。流体挥发份化学和同位素组成表明高钾质玄武岩浆挥发份中存在地幔和地壳来源组分,幔源岩浆上升演化过程中可能加入了大量的H2O和CO2等,可能存在碳酸岩岩浆的混合或岩浆穿透区域碳酸盐地层的混染;其中的再循环壳源组分可能为古特提斯洋闭合俯冲或其后华北克拉通与扬子克拉通碰撞相关的再循环壳源沉积物脱出的流体组分。 相似文献
11.
Analysis of leads and lags between different paleoclimate records remains an important method in paleoclimatology, used to propose and test hypotheses about causal relationships between different processes in the climate system. The robust lead of Antarctic temperature over CO2 concentration during several recent glacial–interglacial transitions inferred from the Antarctic ice cores apparently contradicts the concept of CO2-driven climate change and still remains unexplained. Here, using an Earth system model of intermediate complexity and generic scenarios for the principal climatic forcings during glacial–interglacial transitions we performed a suite of experiments that shed some light on the complexity of phase relationships between climate forcing and climate system response. In particular, our results provide an explanation for the observed Antarctic temperature lead over CO2 concentration. It is shown that the interhemispheric oceanic heat transport provides a crucial link between the two hemispheres. We demonstrate that temporal variations of the oceanic heat transport strongly contribute to the observed phase relationship between polar temperature records in both hemispheres. It is shown that the direct effect of orbital variations on the Antarctic temperature is also significant and explains the observed cooling trend during interglacials. In addition, an imbedded δ18O model is used to demonstrate that during glacial–interglacial transitions, the temporal evolution of deep calcite marine δ18O in different locations and at different depths can considerably deviate from that implied by the global ice volume change. This finding indicates that the synchronization of different marine records by means of foraminiferal calcite δ18O yield large additional uncertainties. Based on our results, we argue that the analysis of leads and lags alone, without a comprehensive understanding and an adequate model of all relevant climate processes, cannot provide direct information about causal relationships in the climate system. 相似文献
12.
在国际古气候模拟比较计划设置的标准试验方案下,首先利用中国科学院大气物理研究所的全球大气环流模式（IAP-AGCM）模拟了末次盛冰期东亚气候状况,然后通过4组数值敏感性试验逐一模拟了大气CO2浓度、海洋表面温度（SST）和海冰、陆地冰盖和地形、东亚植被变化4项强迫因子的单独气候效应,进而对末次盛冰期东亚气候的成因进行了检测。结果表明,末次盛冰期除华南局部略有升温外,中国年均地表气温显著降低,降温幅度总体上向北增大,青藏高原处存在一个降温中心。其中,SST和海冰变化是华南局部略偏暖的主因,它同时导致了东亚其他区域地表气温的显著降低,特别是在东北亚地区;陆地冰盖和地形变化对于东亚地表气温的显著冷却作用主要体现在东亚的西北部;大气CO2浓度降低会引起东亚地区0.2～0.9℃的普遍降温;相对而言,东亚植被的降温作用（0.5～1.0℃）主要显现在中国40°N以南的区域。与此同时,SST和海冰变化能引起中国东部年均降水一定程度的减少,而大气CO2浓度、陆地冰盖和地形、东亚植被单独变化均不会显著影响东亚年均降水的分布状况,然而,上述四项因子的共同变化会通过协同作用引起中国东部年均降水的显著减少,西部地区降水则与现在差别不大。此外,末次盛冰期东亚夏季风的显著减弱源于SST和海冰变化,冬季风变化则可归因于SST和海冰、陆地冰盖和地形的变化。 相似文献
13.
Greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. V. Chilingar O. G. Sorokhtin L. Khilyuk M. V. Gorfunkel 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(6):1207-1213
Conventional theory of global warming states that heating of atmosphere occurs as a result of accumulation of CO2 and CH4 in atmosphere. The writers show that rising concentration of CO2 should result in the cooling of climate. The methane accumulation has no essential effect on the Earth’s climate. Even significant
releases of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide into the atmosphere do not change average parameters of the Earth’s heat regime
and the atmospheric greenhouse effect. Moreover, CO2 concentration increase in the atmosphere results in rising agricultural productivity and improves the conditions for reforestation.
Thus, accumulation of small additional amounts of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere as a result of anthropogenic
activities has practically no effect on the Earth’s climate. 相似文献
14.
中国农田的温室气体排放 总被引：70，自引：2，他引：70
李长生 肖向明 S.Frolking B·Moore Ⅲ W.Salas 邱建军 张宇 庄亚辉 王效科 戴昭华 刘纪远 秦小光 廖柏寒 R.Sass 《第四纪研究》2003,23(5):493-503
中国是一个农业大国,拥有约1.33百万平方公里的农田。这些田地的种植、翻耕、施肥、灌溉等管理措施不仅长期改变着农田生态系统中的化学元素循环,而且给全球气候变化带来影响。农业生态系统对全球变化的影响主要是通过改变3种温室气体,即二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)在土壤-大气界面的交换而实现的。为了分析多种因素(如气候、土壤质地、农作物品种及各种农田经营管理措施等)对农业土壤释放CO22222222 相似文献
15.
G. M. Marion A. E. Murray B. Wagner C. H. Fritsen F. Kenig P. T. Doran 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2013,19(2):135-145
Perennial ice covers on many Antarctic lakes have resulted in high lake inorganic carbon contents. The objective of this paper was to evaluate and compare the brine and CO2 chemistries of Lake Vida (Victoria Valley) and West Lake Bonney (Taylor Valley), two lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (East Antarctica), and their potential consequences during global warming. An existing geochemical model (FREZCHEM-15) was used to convert measured molarity into molality needed for the FREZCHEM model, and this model added a new algorithm that converts measured DIC into carbonate alkalinity needed for the FREZCHEM model. While quite extensive geochemical information exists for ice-covered Taylor Valley lakes, such as West Lake Bonney, only limited information exists for the recently sampled brine of >25 m ice-thick Lake Vida. Lake Vida brine had a model-calculated pCO2 = 0.60 bars at the field pH (6.20); West Lake Bonney had a model-calculated pCO2 = 5.23 bars at the field pH (5.46). Despite the high degree of atmospheric CO2 supersaturation in West Lake Bonney, it remains significantly undersaturated with the gas hydrate, CO2·6H2O, unless these gas hydrates are deep in the sediment layer or are metastable having formed under colder temperatures or greater pressures. Because of lower temperatures, Lake Vida could start forming CO2·6H2O at lower pCO2 values than West Lake Bonney; but both lakes are significantly undersaturated with the gas hydrate, CO2·6H2O. For both lakes, simulation of global warming from current subzero temperatures (?13.4 °C in Lake Vida and ?4.7 °C in West Lake Bonney) to 10 °C has shown that a major loss of solution-phase carbon as CO2 gases and carbonate minerals occurred when the temperatures rose above 0 °C and perennial ice covers would disappear. How important these Antarctic CO2 sources will be for future global warming remains to be seen. But a recent paper has shown that methane increased in atmospheric concentration due to deglaciation about 10,000 years ago. So, CO2 release from ice lakes might contribute to atmospheric gases in the future. 相似文献
16.
南极和北极海域的深海钻探（DSDP）和大洋钻探（ODP）研究所取得的成就是举世瞩目的,为人类研究过去全球变化打开了新的视野。它们揭示了北大西洋高纬度海区新近纪的古海洋学和古气候的演化历史,发现了早更新世"41ka世界"千年尺度的气候波动,以及冰期表层水温与深层水的耦合颤动,说明冰期旋回中冰消期气候的不稳定性。检验了新近纪环南极洋流的形成历史,并揭示了南极新生代的气候变冷和冰盖的演变历史,以及证实了南大洋温度变化领先于全球冰量的变化。2004年北极罗蒙诺索脊的综合大洋钻探（IODP）将宣告科学探索时代的到来,其研究将重建北冰洋新生代环境变化和气候的演变历史,展示北冰洋在全球气候变化中的作用。 相似文献
17.
Plio‐Pleistocene increase of erosion rates in mountain belts in response to climate change 
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下载免费PDF全文 Here, we review an ensemble of observations that point towards a global increase of erosion rates in regions of elevated mountain belts, or otherwise high relief, since the onset of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation about 2–3 Ma. During that period of Earth's history, atmospheric CO2 concentrations may have dropped, and global climate cooled and evolved towards high‐amplitude oscillating conditions that are associated with the waxing and waning of continental ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere. We argue for a correlation between climate change and increased erosion rates and relief production, which we attribute to some combination of the observed cooling, onset of glaciation, and climatic oscillation at orbital timescales. In our view, glacial erosion played a major role and is driven by the global cooling. Furthermore, analyses of the sedimentary fluxes of many mountain belts show peaks of erosion during the transitions between glacial and inter‐glacial periods, suggesting that the variable climatic conditions have also played a role. 相似文献
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《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(6-7):611-625
Increasing atmospheric level of greenhouse gases are causing global warming and putting at risk the global climate system. The main anthropogenic greenhouse gas is CO2. Technical solutions exist to reduce CO2 emission and stabilise atmospheric CO2 concentration, including energy saving and energy efficiency, switch to lower carbon content fuels like natural gas and to energy sources that operate with zero CO2 emissions such as renewable or nuclear energy, enhance the natural sinks for CO2 (forests, soils, etc.), and last but not least, sequester CO2 from fossil fuels combustion. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the technology and cost for capture and storage of CO2. Some of the factors that will influence application, including environmental impact, cost and efficiency, are also discussed. Capturing CO2 and storing it in underground geological reservoirs appears as the best environmentally acceptable option. It can be done with existing technology; however, substantial R&D is needed to improve available technology and to lower the cost. Applicable to large CO2 emitting industrial facilities such as power plants, cement factories, steel industry, etc., which amount to more than 30% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emission, it represents a valuable tool in the battle against global warming. To cite this article: P. Jean-Baptiste, R. Ducroux, C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献