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Doklady Earth Sciences - The U, Th, and 4He contents of meliphanite correspond to an age of metamorphism (1800 Ma) indicating good preservation of radiogenic 4He in mineral but contradicting the... 相似文献
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近年来随着多道接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)的广泛应用,铊(Tl)同位素成为当前非传统同位素地球化学研究热点之一。本文综述了Tl同位素的最新研究进展。Tl是自然界迄今为止发现的具有同位素自然分馏效应的最重的元素之一。自然界中Tl同位素分馏值ε205Tl(ε205Tl指样品与标准物质NIST SRM 997 Tl的205Tl/203Tl值的万分偏差)的变化为-6.8~+4.8,陨石中ε205Tl值为-18.8~+29.7。Tl同位素可用于示踪低温过程中的物质迁移、海洋沉积物沉积过程等,也可用于指示古气候的变化,以及佐证特定时期有机碳输出量。因此,Tl同位素可为深入了解局域海洋沉积环境的氧化还原条件、碳循环和海洋化学演化等提供新信息,将在地学与环境科学研究中得到广泛应用。 相似文献
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柴北缘双口山石英正长岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道了柴北缘西段双口山地区石英正长岩锆石U-Pb年代学,全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素等分析结果。石英正长岩岩体具有高硅(SiO_2=59.47%～68.66%)、碱性?过碱性(全碱含量为11.18%～14.04%),贫CaO(0.31%～3.30%)的特征。其里特曼指数σ为4.87～9.55、铝饱和指数(A/CNK)=1.12～1.36,属钾玄岩系列,过铝质范围。稀土元素总量高(ΣREE=231.31×10–6～569.26×10–6),富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素((La/Yb)_N=24.03～58.33),具弱Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.72～0.95);微量元素亏损Ba、Sr、Ti、P,富集Rb、Th、U、Zr、Y和Ga,具有A型花岗岩特点,根据微量元素组成判别其产出于板内环境。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年获得加权平均年龄为243.5±1.6 Ma,属中三叠世。样品的?Nd(t)介于–1.08～–2.15,二阶段模式年龄tDM2=1.10～1.19 Ga,表明其具有多源特征,是受到俯冲组分改造或影响的岩石圈地幔熔体和中新元古代变质基底熔体发生岩浆混合作用的结果,其形成与三叠纪古特提斯洋向北俯冲导致弧壳增厚和发生弧后拉裂有关。 相似文献
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抓有两个稳定同位素35Cl和37Cl，在自然界中的丰度分别为24.23％和75.77%。自然界中氯同位素的组成变化很小，氯同位素组成的表示方法一般用δ37C1值表示：37C1=[(37Cl/35C1)sample-1 (37Cl/35C1)Std]×1000 δ37C1在自然界的变化范围约为15‰(-8.0‰~+7.5‰)。由于海水中的氯同位素组成非常均一，Kaufman等（1984)调查发现世界大洋海水中氯同位素组成相同，因此建议采用标准海水（SMOC）作为氯同位素标准。氯同位素的分析方法主要包括气体同位素质谱法和热电离质谱法，目前的分析精度可达0.2‰。 对于大部分同位素而言，由扩散引起的同位素分馏主要与化学和生物过程有关。研究表明沉积物间隙水中造成氯同位素分馏的原因主要3个：①矿物在海水中沉淀的过程中优先富集37C1(Magenheim等，1994,1995);②扩散过程,35C1的扩散速度高于37C1(Desaulnier等，1986;Eggenkomip等，1994);③沉积物的离子隔膜过滤作用，当流体通过粘土矿物时，由于沉积物表层负电荷的排斥,35Cl受到的排斥作用大于37Cl，因此流体中会富集37C1，此机制被Campbell(1985）通过实验得到了证实。 氯是上地壳流体中主要的阴离子，在矿物岩石和矿床的形成过程中起着重要的作用，因此研究自然界中抓的分布和运移对于地球科学各个研究领域而言有着重要的意义。目前已对大气圈、水圈和岩石圈的氯同位素组成进行过分析，大气气溶液中δ37C1的变化范围为+0.42‰-2.53‰；河水中的δ37C1较高为+0.74‰-+2.85‰,盐湖卤水δ37C1则相对较低，为-2.06‰~+1.01‰，地下水中δ37C1变化范围较小为-0.50‰~+0.69‰；俯冲间隙水氯同位素组成最低，变化范围为-7.5‰~-2.2‰；新鲜的洋中脊玄武岩（ MORB）玻璃体中δ37C1的变化范围为+3.0‰~+7.2‰，去气地幔中δ37C1值为+4.7%；而富集地幔中δ37C1落在0.4‰~3.4‰之间；麻粒岩δ37C1的变化范围很小，其中大部分的岩石和矿物δ37C1都集中在-0.3‰~+0.11‰之间，平均值为-0.15‰，而角闪石和黑云母δ37C1分别为-1.12‰和+0.79‰;岩盐中δ37C1的变化范围为-0.6‰~+1.2‰。 氯同位素地球化学的研究工作在总体上仍处于起步阶段，但该方法在地球科学各个领域已经显示了极好的应用前景。氯同位素组成可以用于示踪板块俯冲和壳幔物质循环过程、热液成矿过程中成矿流体的起源和演化以及盐湖和岩石中卤水的起源和演化。 相似文献
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八道沟具有复杂的构造环境,且侏罗纪花岗岩在该地区分布较为有限,因此十分缺乏对区域构造演化环境判断的证据.对八道沟二长花岗岩进行了地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究,结果显示:岩石样品中的锆石主要为长柱状,自形程度较好,发育较清晰的韵律生长环带结构,具岩浆锆石特征,该岩石形成于早侏罗世（176±1 Ma）;岩石SiO2含量为68.93%~70.02%,贫MgO（1.27%~1.45%）、CaO（1.80%~2.78%）,A/CNK值为0.92~1.02,轻稀土元素明显富集,铕异常不明显（0.96~1.03）,属于准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,显示为I型花岗岩特征;岩石εHf（t）值为-20.21~-24.08,二阶段模式年龄tDM2（Hf）为2 498~2 740 Ma,且富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti,Mg#值介于45~47,由此推断岩石源于新太古代下地壳熔融.结合区域同时代岩浆岩展布,认为八道沟地区二长花岗岩的形成与古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲有关. 相似文献
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以往学者的研究多集中在印支期出露于漠河县城南的黑云母花岗闪长岩,而对该地区燕山早期构造演化的研究相对薄弱.运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学与Hf同位素分析的方法确定其形成时代、岩浆源区性质及成岩构造背景.结果表明:该岩石的加权平均年龄分别为185±2 Ma和182±2 Ma,表明其形成于早侏罗世;岩石属于高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK介于0.90~1.03,Mg#值为42~48,具有高Sr（489×10-6~653×10-6）低Yb（1.33×10-6~1.99×10-6）的特征,判定其属于埃达克岩类;岩石具有弧岩浆的微量元素特征,轻重稀土元素分馏明显（（La/Yb）N=8.36~15.6）,较弱的Eu负异常（Eu/Eu*=0.79~0.95）,富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素;岩石的εHf（t）值为-3.26~-1.46,二阶段模式年龄介于1.25~1.59 Ga,结合该时期的地幔特征认为该岩石岩浆起源于中元古代亏损地幔新增生的下地壳部分熔融.综合认为岩石形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋板块向南俯冲的活动大陆边缘环境. 相似文献
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黑河流域中上游地区降水中氢氧同位素研究 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
根据黑河流域中上游地区取得的降水水样和气象资料,分析了该区域地区降水线和降水中氘盈余分布特征,为同位素技术在黑河流域水循环研究中的应用提供科学依据.结果表明:受降水再次强烈蒸发同位素动力分馏效应影响,地区大气降水线(LMWL)δD=4.1447δ18O-20.6852(‰)的斜率很低,符合干旱区降水线斜率很低的规律.冬秋两个季节降水线的斜率明显高于春夏季节,氢氧同位素的相关性也远高于春夏季节.降水中氘盈余(d)变化幅度较大,呈现山区高平原低和冬季高夏季低的时空分布规律. 相似文献
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黔中沉积磷灰石的硫碳同位素及其地质意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文研究了黔中磷块岩中磷灰石的结构硫同位素组成。磷灰石的δ３４Ｓ值为３４．２‰～４２．４‰，它高于同期海水的δ３４Ｓ（约３４．２‰），也高于共生的成岩黄铁矿的δ３４Ｓ（１５．４‰～１９．８‰），表明磷灰石形成于富有机质沉积物早期成岩作用硫酸盐还原带的最上部，其间同时伴有大量硫酸盐细菌的还原过程。磷灰石的碳同位素组成（δ１３Ｃ＝－３．６３‰～１．０‰），表明它含有微生物有机质分解演化而来的ＣＯ２－３，而磷灰石比胶结白云石更富集轻同位素则反映出沉积阶段生物作用的影响比成岩阶段更为明显 相似文献
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The Skaergaard Layered Series, Part VII: Sr and Nd Isotopes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The initial isotopic ratios of strontium and neodymium in theSkaergaard Layered Series vary both vertically and laterally,on every scale from the intrusion as a whole down to coexistingminerals in a single rock. The magma that filled the Skaergaardchamber was contaminated to various degrees with the metamorphicrocks through which it rose and was never completely homogenizedafter being intruded. The contamination was most pronouncedin contact zones and aureoles around rare xenoliths. The greaterconcentrations of lithophile trace elements in the Upper BorderSeries was previously attributed to assimilation of buoyantfragments of gneiss that collected under the roof, but mostof the rocks of the Upper Border Series are isotopically indistinguishablefrom those of the Layered Series. It is doubtful, therefore,that this part of the intrusion assimilated much more of themetamorphic basement than did the rest of the magma. Similarly,the marked increase in the concentrations of excluded elementsin the upper part of the Layered Series is not matched by achange in the isotopic character of the rocks and cannot beattributed to a later influx of new magma. Analyses of mineralsseparated from rocks with exceptionally mafic or felsic modalcompositions revealed marked inhomogeneities in the isotopiccompositions of their constituent minerals. For example, coexistingplagioclase and pyroxene from closely associated anorthositesand pyroxenites have very different initial isotopic ratiosof both strontium and neodymium. The same is true of mafic andfelsic layers in modally graded gabbros. These differences areunrelated to the low-temperature alteration shown by oxygenisotopes. They must have been introduced when the original gabbrowas largely crystallized and underwent local metasomatic replacementby nearly mono-mineralic mafic and felsic assemblages. KEY WORDS: Nd isotopes; Skaergaard; Sr isotopes 相似文献
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对新疆东准噶尔贝勒库都克岩体具代表性岩石进行Hf-O同位素测定,结果显示贝勒库都克岩体碱长花岗岩和二长花岗岩锆石具较一致的高正εHf(t)值。两个样品εHf(t)值分别为εHf(t)=12.6±0.3(正长花岗岩)和εHf(t)=12.7±0.3(二长花岗岩),其中二长花岗岩δ18O=9.19。结合微量元素地球化学特征,认为贝勒库都克岩体花岗岩不是直接起源于亏损地幔,源岩可能是该区早期发育的玄武质洋壳与少量陆源沉积物的混合物。 相似文献
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幔源岩类中的稀有气体同位素与Sr、Nd、Pb同位素研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
对稀有气体同位素与Sr、Nd、Pb同位素的结合研究做了综述。两类示踪体系在研究幔源岩时的结合，可以得到互相印证的结果，互相补充不足，并有利于探索岩石成因，进一步认识地幔结构、地幔物质组成、运穆和壳幔之间的相互作用；地幔第五端员(FOZO/C/PHEM)的提出是二结合研究的重要成果之一。这种研究方法还有待于进一步补充、完善和发展。 相似文献
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The study in this paper determined whole rock major and trace elements, zircon U-Pb age and Hf, O isotopes of 5 mafic dikes in the southwestern Fujian province. The 5 dikes are mainly diabase and the whole rock SiO2 content are between 45%~53%. Most zircons of the mafic dikes display obvious oscillatory zoning and fan-shaped zoning, and have the typical magmatic zircon crystallization characteristics. Zircon U-Pb age is dispersed with 96~2 400 Ma range. In addition to the minimum age (96~142 Ma) which might be the age of the formation of dikes, the remaining are captured zircon. The captured zircon age was mainly distributed in 4 groups: Early Proterozoic (2 467~1 796 Ma); Middle and late Proterozoic (1 343~647 Ma); Silurian to late Triassic Epoch (427~225 Ma); and Late Jurassic (159~140 Ma). Hf-O isotope shows that the early Proterozoic zircon was derived from the mantle of the homogeneous chondrite reservoir, and the others show magmatic mixing characteristics between depleted mantle and crust. Zircon’s εHf(t) and δ18O of the early Late Cretaceous clearly show the mixing trend of depleted mantle and crustal magma. The peak of zircon Hf two-stage depleted mantle model age TDM2 was mainly distributed in the 1.6~1.9 Ga. The Early Proterozoic mafic crust might be the main source for latter granite. 相似文献
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Cui Hao Zhou Lian Li Chao Peng Xingfang Jin Chengsheng Shi Wei Zhang Zihu Luo Genming Xie Shucheng 《地球科学进展》2013,28(9):1049-1056
Iron(Fe) is abundant in nature while molybdenum(Mo) is the most abundant transition metal in seawater. Due to their high sensitivity to the redox state of the environment, the isotopic compositions of Fe and Mo as well as variations have been widely used to probe the redox conditions and the evolution of ancient ocean chemistry in favor of improved analytical techniques. Here, we summarized isotopic fractionation mechanisms and natural distribution of both iron and molybdenum isotopes, and further we summarized and partially reinterpreted the redox evolution of ancient oceans through time based on available Fe-Mo data compiled in this study. The process that causes the largest iron isotope fractionation is redox reaction and the iron in oxidation state is generally enriched in 56Fe. Biotic and abiotic pyrite formations also produce a large Fe isotope fractionations. Isotopic fractionation of molybdenum in seawater is mainly caused by the adsorption process of dissolved Mo onto ferromanganese oxides or hydroxides in sediments. Fe-Mn (hydro)oxides tend to adsorb isotopically light molybdenum resulting in the isotopic composition of Mo in seawater heavier. However, the Mo sinks in euxinic settings cause almost no molybdenum isotope fractionation. The Fe Mo isotope isotopic records through geological timegenerally suggest similar ocean redox evolution: Oceans older than 2.3 Ga was mainly dominated by ferruginous condition, and there was a slight increase in oxygen content between 2.6 and 2.5 Ga. Earth’s surface was initially oxidized during 2.3 to 1.8 Ga, during which euxinic deposition of sulfide was elevated. Euxinic waters may have expanded greatly between 1.8 and 0.8 Ga, and after that, Earth’s surface had being gradually oxidized and the euxinic waters shrank substantially.Finally, suggestions are proposed for further work on the Fe-Mo isotope research in the context of ancient ocean chemistry. 相似文献
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The Dupal anomaly has attracted widespread attention since being discovered and is regarded as the most direct manifestation of mantle inhomogeneity at present. From the initially defined anomalies limited to the southern hemisphere to the global scale, the criteria for identifying anomalies defined by Pb isotopes have also been adjusted, providing an important method and reference for the study of the mantle evolution. Pearce and Peate (1995) proposed the method of Nd-Hf isotope and element ratio to identify the Dupal anomaly. The Nd-Hf method also offers a possible way to discriminate the mantle region of arc magmatism through the correction of Nd in the subduction process. This paper introduces the concepts and determination methods of the Dupal anomaly, and reports new Hf isotopic data of MORB-type rocks with Dupal signature in the several Tethys ophiolites. Our results of Nd-Hf method are in good agreement with those of previous Pb isotope identification. Moreover, origins and their controversy of Dupal anomaly are reviewed, and possible internal connections between Dupal anomalies and the two Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) in the lower mantle are discussed in depth. Further studies on origin and evolution of the Dupal anomaly are suggested, especially using integrated approach of Hf-Nd and Pb isotopes. 相似文献
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银水寺铅锌矿床位于大别造山带北缘,是该区最大的矽卡岩型矿床。矿体主要发育在中元古界庐镇关岩群仙人冲组大理岩与郑堂子组千枚岩之间的层间破碎带以及正长花岗斑岩与大理岩的接触带中。矿床先后经历了四个成矿阶段,矽卡岩阶段(Ⅰ)、石英.白钨矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英.硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)、碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。矽卡岩阶段(Ⅰ)主要发育绿帘石、阳起石、石英、绿泥石、磁铁矿及少量金属硫化物等;石英.白钨矿阶段(Ⅱ)主要发育石英、方解石、萤石及少量白钨矿和金属硫化物;石英.硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)广泛发育闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿等金属硫化物及石英、方解石、萤石、绿泥石等;碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)主要发育方解石、石英及少量黄铁矿。矿床中发育三种类型流体包裹体,包括富CO2水溶液包裹体(AC类)、气液两相水溶液包裹体(L类)和含子晶多相包裹体(S型)。根据流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼研究结果,矽卡岩阶段主要有富CO2包裹体和气液两相水溶液包裹体,均一温度为314~400℃、盐度变化范围较大(1.1%~19.3%NaCleqv);石英.白钨矿阶段发育气液两相水溶液包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体和富CO2包裹体,后两者均一温度相近(263~349℃)、盐度差异较大(32.8%~41%NaCleqv和0.8%~6.1%NaCleqv),表明流体发生了沸腾作用;石英.硫化物阶段主要发育气液两相水溶液包裹体,均一温度为230~332℃,盐度为0.2%~8.9%NaCleqv;碳酸盐阶段只发育气液两相水溶液包裹体,显示低温(162~245℃)、低盐度(0.2%~5.6%NaCleqv)的特征。矿床不同成矿阶段石英、绿帘石中流体包裹体中水H-O同位素研究结果表明,δ18Ofluid值从早到晚逐渐减小,其中矽卡岩阶段为–1.3‰~4.7‰、石英.硫化物阶段为–5.1‰~–3.1‰,表明银水寺矿床早期成矿流体主要为岩浆来源,并在成矿过程中不断有大气降水的加入。石英流体包裹体中CO2的C同位素测试结果表明,矽卡岩阶段δ13CV-PDB值为–9.2‰,石英.硫化物阶段为–25.8‰~–15.4‰,表明早期成矿流体中碳质主要来自岩浆,石英-硫化物阶段有大量有机碳加入,其可能与流体和富含有机质的地层反应有关。矿石中主要金属硫化物的δ34S值(1.7‰~4.4‰)显示了深源硫的特征。Pb同位素变化范围集中(206Pb/204Pb=16.55~16.705,207Pb/204Pb=15.369~15.459,208Pb/204Pb=37.463~37.767),显示壳幔混源的特点。随着成矿作用的进行,岩浆流体与碳酸盐围岩地层发生水岩交代反应形成矽卡岩,该过程造成了成矿矽卡岩阶段磁铁矿和少量闪锌矿的沉淀;断裂活动造成热液体系压力下降,流体发生沸腾,CO2、HF进入气相并逃逸促使矿床中钨的沉淀;同时大气降水沿裂隙灌入,混合作用导致流体的温度、盐度降低,Cl–浓度下降,造成矿床中铅锌的大面积沉淀。 相似文献
19.
长坑金银矿床的铅,锶,硫同位素特征与矿化模式 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
长坑矿床金、银矿石的铅同位素组成具有一定的差异，前者的２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ比值变化大，后者较富２０７Ｐｂ／２０８Ｐｂ。金矿石中的铅为普通铅与放射成因铅混合而成的异常铅，银矿石中的铅则可能为三阶段铅混合的产物，且二者均为壳源。方解石的８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ比值显示锶来自地壳。金、银矿石硫化物的δ３４Ｓ值分别以分散（平均值为负）和较为集中（平均值为正）为特征，并与铅同位素组成之间存在相关关系。结合金、银的矿化分带现象，提出了铅同位素特征与氧化势不同的流体相互混合的成矿模式。 相似文献
20.
随着多接收质谱仪分析技术的进步,锡同位素的理论研究和应用取得了巨大的进展,本文综述了锡同位素的研究进展及其应用.由于双稀释剂法与多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪的结合,使得锡同位素分析的外部精度可达0.03‰以上,比热电离质谱仪高了一个数量级,分析测试精度明显提高.目前,己识别出地幔(δ122/118Sn:0.33‰～ 0.65‰)和地壳(δ122/118Sn:0.16‰～0.43‰)样品具有明显不同的锡同位素组成,并发现氧化还原、气液分离、部分熔融和结晶分异等地质过程均有明显的锡同位素分馏.作为新兴的非传统稳定同位素的一员,锡同位素已经在揭示成矿过程,制约行星的演化和青铜器的鉴伪等方面展现了独特的优势.随着人们对锡同位素分馏机理研究的不断深入,锡同位素在地质学、行星科学和考古学等领域将会得到更加广泛的应用. 相似文献