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1.
There is a severe phenomenon of blowing snow by wind in winter in Mayitas area of Xinjiang. Road traffic interruptions and casualties caused by wind and snow disasters often occur. The existing engineering measures can alleviate the problems of low visibility and problems with accumulating snow on pavement caused by wind and snow to a certain extent, but cannot completely eliminate the impact. Aiming at the problem that the blowing snow disaster difficult to be completely cured under strong wind conditions, a shed tunnel engineering treatment scheme is proposed, and a wind tunnel simulation experiment is carried out on the shed tunnel form and snow prevention scheme at the entrance of the tunnel. The wind tunnel experimental section is 8 m long, 1. 3 m horizontally wide and 1 m high. The shed tunnel model is made by 1:60 scale 3D printing method, the snow barrier model is made of wooden strips, and the simulation medium is made of fine sand, refined salt and sawdust. Firstly, three kinds of shed structures, including fully enclosed, overhanging and ventilated, were simulated under the condition of 90° wind direction, and compared with the form of blowing snow stacking. Three parameters for similarity were used:density, particle size and stacking shape. The similarity is determined by weighted Euclidean distance between simulation medium and blowing snow, the similarity of the slump angle of the predecessors is verified, and the most suitable medium for simulating blowing snow is deduced. According to the experimental results, combined with the actual situation of wind blowing and snow disasters in Mayitas, flow field of the closed shed tunnel by a wind direction angle of 30° has been separately conducted with or without protective measures. The results show that when the wind tunnel stacking experiment is used to study the deposition state of blowing snow under non-low temperature conditions, the sawdust has good similarity with the blowing snow in the process of wind and snow movement. A large amount of medium was poured into the ventilated shed during the experiment, which proved that its anti-wind and snow performance was not ideal. By contrast, the closed shed and the overhanging shed have better wind and snow prevention effects. The snow barrier has a good blowing snow inhibition function at the entrance. From the stacking experiment, in the comparison with and without snow barrier, volume of the medium in the shed is very different, which proves that the snow barrier can effectively prevent the blowing snow from entering the shed. Among them, the difference in wind speed inside and outside the shed is obvious, which proves that snow barrier can significantly reduce the wind speed outside the shed and has the function of inhibiting the formation of weak wind areas inside the shed. The study has confirmed that the shed tunnel project with suitable snow barrier layout plan for tunnel entrance protection is an effective means to control wind and snow disasters. For highway traffic in Xinjiang, it is a feasible solution to use shed tunnel engineering to control blowing snow disasters. After dealing with the snow deposition at the entrance of shed tunnel, the shed tunnel engineering form of low-cost environment integration and the vehicle operation safety guarantee measures of long-distance shed tunnel are the problems that need to be solved in the future. © 2022 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines. All rights reserved. 相似文献
2.
Snow avalanches,which are widely and frequently developed at high elevations,seriously threatens the built traffic corridors in the Tibetan Plateau. Susceptibility evaluation of snow avalanche via machine learning model with a high forecast accuracy can be appled to quickly and effectively assess the regional avalanche risk. This paper took the central Shaluli Mountain region as the study area,in which the snow avalanche inventory was established through remote sensing interpretation and field investigation verification. We quantitatively extracted 17 evaluation factors via GIS-based analysis,and these factors were selected through the variance expansion factor（VIF）. Four machine learning models containing SVM,DT,MLP and KNN were used to compile the susceptibility index map of snow avalanches,and kappa coefficient and ROC curve were used to verify the accuracy. The results suggested that the susceptibility indexes obtained from SVM,DT,MLP and KNN were in the range of［0,0. 964］,［0,815］,［0,0. 995］and［0,1］,respectively. The accuracy test results show that these four models all have good prediction accuracy. Among them,the SVM model is the best. The results also indicated that the areas with the high snow avalanche susceptibility mainly distributed in Genie Mountain and Rigong Mountain,most of which were above the planation surface of the Tibetan Plateau. The average altitude of the extremely high snow-avalanche-prone areas is 4 939 m,while the average altitude of the high snow avalanche-prone areas is 4 859 m. The snow avalanche has low perniciousness on the Sichuan-Tibet Highway and the Sichuan-Tibet Railway in the study area. This study can provide theoretical basis and method reference for disaster prevention and mitigation of snow avalanche along Sichuan-Tibet Railway and other major projects across Shaluli Mountains region. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
3.
Yuan GAO Shenggao CHENG Gaoqiang WU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):249-250
As a comprehensive study on interaction between type form, spatial collocation of landscape unit and ecology process, landscape ecology emphasizes the interaction between spatial pattern, ecology process and scale. Thereby, landscape ecology is the same with whole assessment and function plan to ecology environment. Combining the eco-environment impact assessment of Wu-Kun highway, this essay discusses the application technique and method of landscape ecology in eco-environment impact assessment of highway project. This highway is not only a part of Lan-Mo （Lanzhou to Mohan） highway and Bei-Kun （Beijing to Kunming） highway, but also a section of ＂9210 framework highway net＂ Kun-De （Kunming to Deqin） highway. Numbers and areas of landscape patch in the assessment region after highway construction show that the land use pattern is changed after highway construction in the assessment region, but construction and operation of the highway project has little influence on landscape quality in the assessment region. The landscape diversity in the assessment region of Wu-Kun highway is 1.125 calculated by formula. The result showed landscape diversity in the assessment region of highway project descends despite its small scope of change. Therefore the influence of highway construction on landscape diversity is very small. Landscape patched index in the assessment region is 204.42 calculated by formula, which influences ecology environment and survival of rare and endangered wildlife to a certain extent. Wildlife mostly refer to birds whose living environment is not very strict, thus reinforcement of landscape patched degree will not bring important influence on wildlife in the assessment region of highway. 相似文献
4.
Snow is an important part of the cryosphere and plays an important role in the hydrological cycle and energy balance. Study of the spatiotemporal characteristics of snow cover and its change is the prerequisite for analyzing the formation,distribution and variation of runoff from mountains in inland river basins. In this study,we selected the upper reaches of the Taolai River basin of Qilian Mountains as the study area,used down⁃ scaling methods to obtain high-resolution snow depth data,and adopted methods of spatial statistics,sensitivity analysis and contribution separations to quantify snow cover distribution and variation influenced by terrain and the regional climate during the time period from 2002 to 2018. Results showed that basin early average snow depth ranged from 0 cm to 2. 5 cm,with variation from -0. 19 cm·a-1 to 0. 06 cm·a-1. The area of snow depth re⁃ duction during the study period accounted for 68. 30% of the total area. It was found that the snow depth increase more with altitude and less with the increase of slope. Variation of snow depth increased below 2 500 m a. s. l. and decreased above 2 500 m a. s. l. As the slope increases,it first increases and then decreases;the snow depth of each aspect decreases,especially in the northwest orientation. The sensitivity of snow depth to air tempera⁃ ture and solar radiation were found negative in general,while that of the precipitation was found positive. The precipitation in high-altitude areas has a relatively large contribution to the snow depth variation,while in the val⁃ ley areas,the contribution of temperature to snow cover is more significant. This work provides an example for the study of snow dynamics in the upper reaches of inland river watersheds,and benefits model simulation and prediction of mountain runoff and regional water management. © 2023 The Author(s). 相似文献
5.
Human effects and environment impacts associated with nanoparticles generated from road traffic have recently attracted wide attention.Knowledge of the influencing variables on both number and mass of nanoparticles,sources,characteristics and limitations of advanced commercially accessible instruments for monitoring nanoparticles,are still scarce and not sufficient to make regulatory decision on solid particles smaller than 23 nm(SPN<23 nm).Given the harmful effects of nanoparticles on human health(i.e.visibility impairment,cardiac-rhythm disturbance,heart attacks,premature death,etc.),their control and assessment seem to be an absolute priority.In this overview,we classify and analyze the existing knowledge of nanoparticles in road traffic atmosphere,recent progress,and emerging priorities in research related to these topics.The major aspects of ongoing research in this field,and a brief discussion of the main sources of atmosphere nanoparticles are presented.The subsequent section focuses on the influencing parameters of nanoparticles including climate conditions,height above the road surface and distance between source(road traffic)and sampling site.The next section provides a comprehensive summary on sampling measurement methodologies and instrumental techniques.We also review the health and environment implications associated with particle exposure.Finally,an evaluation of the state of research related to nanoparticles together with highlights for future research activities are also presented. 相似文献
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Erika P.Blanco-Donado Ismael L.Schneider Paulo Artaxo Jesus Lozano-Osorio Luana Portz Marcos L.S.Oliveira 《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,(1):404-416
Black carbon(BC)is one of the short-lived air pollutants that contributes significantly to aerosol radiative forcing and global climate change.It is emitted by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels,biofuels,and biomass.Urban environments are quite complex and thus,the use of mobile jointly with fixed monitoring provides a better understanding of the dynamics of BC distribution in such areas.The present study addresses the measurement of BC concentration using real-time mobile and ambient monitoring in Barranquilla,an industrialized urban area of the Colombian Caribbean.A microaethalometer(MA200)and an aethalometer(AE33)were used for measuring the BC concentration.The absorption ?ngstr?m exponent(AAE)values were determined for the study area,for identifying the BC emission sources.The results of the ambient sampling show that vehicle traffic emissions prevail;however,the influence of biomass burning was also observed.The mean ambient BC concentration was found to be 1.04±1.03μg/m3 and varied between 0.5 and 4.0μg/m3.From the mobile measurements obtained in real traffic conditions on the road,a much higher average value of 16.1±16.5μg/m3 was measured.Many parts of the city showed BC concentrations higher than 20μg/m3.The spatial distribution of BC concentration shows that vehicle emissions and traffic jams,a consequence of road and transport infrastructure,are the factors that most affect the BC concentration.A comparison of results obtained from two aethalometers indicates that the concentrations measured by MA200 are 9%lower than those measured by AE33.The AAE obtained was found to vary between 1.1 and 1.6,indicating vehicular emissions as the most crucial source.In addition,it was observed that the BC concentration on working days was 2.5 times higher than on the weekends in the case of mobile monitoring and 1.5 times higher in the case of ambient monitoring. 相似文献
7.
Bhoj Raj Pantha Ryuichi Yatabe Netra Prakash Bhandary 《《幕》》2008,31(4):384-391
Roadside slope failure is a common problem in the Himalayan region as road construction activities disturb natural slopes. Therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation is necessary for roadside slope disaster management and planning development activities. In this study, we consider a 53-kin section of a major highway in Nepal where road services are suspended for several days in the monsoon season every year. A number of methods have been used for landslide susceptibility zonation. We employed a bivariate statistical approach for this study. Relevant thematic layer maps represent- ing various factors （e.g., slope, aspect, land use, lithology, drainage density, proximity to stream and proximity to road） that are related to landslide activity, have been prepared using Geographic Information System （GIS） techniques. A total of 277 landslides （covering a total of 29.90 km2） of various dimensions have been identified in the area. A landslide susceptibility map was prepared by overlaying a landslide inventory map with various parameter maps segmented into various relevant classes. The landslide susceptibility index was seg- mented into five zones, viz. very low, low, moderate, high and very high susceptibility. Landslide susceptibility zonation maps are useful tools for the efficient planning and management of roadside slope repair and maintenance tasks in the Himalayan region. 相似文献
8.
The paper features the results of field measurements and numerical research of embankment behaviour in permafrost soils of Transbaikalia railway section following implementation of preventive works to eliminate action of heaving forces on the main area of embankment subgrade. 相似文献
9.
Tibetan area is the most active continental collision zone on earth.Several major earth-quakes occurred around the boundaries of Tibetan plateau and caused massive damages and casualties.The dynamics of this area is not well understood due to the complex structure of Tibet and its sur-rounding area.In this study,a 3D global flow simulation with only viscous rheology is applied to studying the stress distribution in this area,and the interaction between Tibet and its surrounding areas is investigated.Finally... 相似文献
10.
Aiming at the stabilization of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway embankment during its construction and run, the method using tilt pipes to keep the permafrost embankment stabilization is put forward in the paper. By gathering natural cold energy in the winter and release it in the summer the tilt pipes can keep the permafrost embankment stabilizing. The temperature fields of the embankment and the stratums below are studied according to the condition of pipes diameter 250mm, length 7. 0m and tilt angle 30°,45°, 60° until the railway working for 20 years. It is shown that the embankment field using tilt pipes will eliminate the thawing core and come into subzero temperature phase ahead of 9 years compared with the original model. Different tilt angles have different efforts on the embankment and stratums, synthesis analysis of thermal income and expenses of the embankment and stratums should be carried out 相似文献
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选取1955-2017年新疆因雪灾造成的牲畜受灾数量、作物受灾面积、经济损失三大灾情数据,揭示新疆雪灾时间和空间分布特征,通过构建雪灾灾损指数,对新疆雪灾进行区划。分析表明：新疆雪灾的发生北疆多于南疆,山区多于盆地,西部多于东部,主要集中发生在阿尔泰山区、天山山区及昆仑山区,灾情最重的是阿勒泰地区、伊犁地区、塔城地区;进入2000年以后,雪灾呈现明显高位震荡特点;利用多指标综合评估法,运用连续型随机变量分布密度近似求法,求得的新疆雪灾灾损指数,能客观反映新疆雪灾灾情;雪灾灾损指数遵从Γ分布,根据Γ分布函数属性及各类雪灾事件发生概率,进行了新疆雪灾等级区划。研究成果可为决策服务及气候可行性论证提供理论依据,对科学准确地制定防灾备灾措施、及时组织开展雪灾应急救助工作以及灾后的恢复重建决策给予一定参考。 相似文献
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2019年4月30日，在新疆的伊犁地区一个高位黄土滑坡复活启动，并远距离掩埋公路和阻塞河道。大约5.04×105 m3黄土体高位滑移剪出冲击铲刮沟道及两侧岸坡。滑坡不定时复活启动机理难以琢磨。本文基于实地详细调查、遥感影像判识、气象数据分析和黄土特征试验等方法，以试图确定黄土滑坡的演变历史、运动过程和复活机理。研究表明，该滑坡曾发生两次大规模滑动破坏，且伴随着坡体地裂缝发展，每年黄土坡体发生不同程度的累积变形破坏。春季温度升高导致积雪快速消融入渗是黄土滑坡变形演化的最重要影响因素，春季融水和暴雨的耦合是控制黄土滑坡发生的根本原因。基于本次灾害发生后成功灾害应急响应过程，提出一种基于早期预警多部门联动的公路灾害应急响应模式。随着区域放牧活动增加和气候变暖加剧，该黄土滑坡将具有极大潜在复活滑动风险。研究可为寒冻区滑坡形成演化和破坏机理提供了新的视野，为服务新疆一带一路区域交通建设具有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
新疆不同区域牧业雪灾损失时频变化特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
选用新疆1952-2013年75个县707条雪灾害资料, 采用灰色关联评估模型以县为单位将新疆分为特重雪灾区、 重雪灾区、 一般雪灾区、 小雪灾区. 用气候趋势系数与五阶函数分析各雪灾区牲畜死亡数额的长期变化趋势, 并用morlet小波分析其振荡周期. 结果表明: 全疆及各雪灾区牲畜死亡数额基本都存在23 a左右的长周期, 14～17 a中周期, 10 a左右的小周期, 另外, 还存在5～7 a的小波动, 各区周期振荡的强弱及时间范围不同. 全疆及特重雪灾区牲畜死亡数额长期以来有减少趋势; 而重雪灾区和一般雪灾区牲畜死亡数额长期以来有微弱的增加趋势. 特重雪灾区牲畜死亡数额长期变化趋势决定了新疆雪灾牲畜死亡数额的长期变化趋势, 全疆平均每年因雪灾牲畜死亡数额以0.4%的速率递减, 特重雪灾区每年按上一年度总额1.4%的速率递减. 由于20世纪80年代开始, 新疆有计划、 大规模推行牧民定居工程, 从而大大提高了新疆牧业抗御自然灾害的能力, 以及冬春气温升高的缘故, 使得全疆及各雪灾区牲畜死亡数额大大减少. 因为各牧业区实施牧民定居工程开始的时间不同, 使全疆各雪灾区牲畜死亡数额高值期(年代际与年际尺度振荡的活跃期)进入低值期(少发时期)的临界时间存在差异. 相似文献
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中尼交通廊道作为中国近年来建设的重点区域,地质灾害频发,尤其是滑坡灾害层出不穷。文章基于对G216国道沿线地质灾害的实地调查以及遥感解译结果,以最大熵模型为方法,利用169个灾害点数据和8个评价因子图层预测了研究区滑坡灾害的易发性分布。根据占比划分五级风险区。结果表明,滑坡易发概率以G216为中心向外辐射逐渐降低。同时采用刀切法检验评价因子对预测结果的贡献度,确定了滑坡主导因素及其阈值。最后通过ROC曲线验证了模型的可靠性。为中尼边境公路区域建设提供一种地质灾害预测分析模型,也为青藏地区公路边坡防灾减灾提供有效支撑。 相似文献
16.
Wind tunnel test of snow loads on a stepped flat roof using different granular materials 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An accurate prediction of wind-induced redistribution of snow load on roof surfaces is vital to structural design. To represent the pattern of snow distribution caused by snowdrift in wind tunnel test, appropriate modeling particles should be selected. The particle density is the key to determine the values of several important similarity parameters. In this study, the redistribution of snow load on a stepped flat roof was simulated by means of wind tunnel test using low-density saw wood ash, medium-density polyfoam, and high-density silica sand, respectively. To ensure the comparability of the test results of the three modeling particles, the wind tunnel test results for comparison were performed under almost the same conditions of dimensionless wind velocity and dimensionless time. Then, the results of the present study were compared with those from field observations of prototypes in previous studies. The effects of wind duration, wind velocity, and roof span on the redistribution of snow on roof surfaces were investigated. The characteristics of erosion/deposition range and the location of maximum quantities of erosion/deposition under independent effects of wind duration, wind velocity, and roof span were also studied. 相似文献
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山区公路工程建设对地下水渗流的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别就公路路堤、路堑、半挖半填等路基结构和隧道结构对周围岩土体的渗透性、渗流路径、地下水位等方面的影响进行了分析,以对公路工程建设对地下水环境的影响和与水文地质有关的灾害和损害的分析评价有所帮助。 相似文献
19.
隔堤填筑路堤或沿原河堤加宽是高等级公路经常采用的改扩建方式,路堤填筑后对原河堤的稳定性将产生怎样的影响,路堤自身的稳定性及变形破坏具有何特征,是目前沿河公路扩建工程中亟需解决的问题。结合依托工程的现场勘察和室内外试验结果,建立有限元模型,对路堤填筑前后及不同水位渗流条件下原河堤及路堤的稳定性进行了模拟计算和分析。计算结果表明：路堤填筑有利于提高原河堤的稳定性,稳定安全系数可提高约26%;隔堤填筑的路堤受多因素共同作用,容易产生较大的差异沉降,且工后固结时间长、沉降量大,工后沉降达总沉降的35%左右;隔堤填筑的路堤一般仅在远离原河堤一侧边坡发生剪切失稳破坏,渗流对路堤稳定性的影响较小,且不会改变路堤的破坏模式。数值模拟计算可以在工程实施前揭示隔堤填筑路堤的稳定性及变形破坏模式,从而为后一步的工程对策设计提供依据和参考。 相似文献