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AD4017井属于吐哈盆地鲁克沁油田ADI块构造。该区块在勘探开发初期极少出现因井下坍塌而发生的卡钻事故,AD4017井在井身结构设计时,参考的是前期地质勘探资料和邻井数据资料,未考虑到钻井过程中出现薄煤层夹层的情况,原有设计在该井段易导致井壁不稳,所以实际钻井过程中发生了卡钻事故。本文通过对AD4017井卡钻事故的研究,从地质因素、物理化学因素、工艺因素等几方面,深入分析了该井发生坍塌卡钻可能存在的原因及机理,并对这些原因导致的卡钻事故提出了针对性的预防措施和处理方法。 相似文献
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土耳其卡赞碱矿钻井项目主要利用高精度中靶技术使定向水平井与垂直井在碱层中对接后进行水溶开采的方法。该项目通过长期大量的钻井工作，在已有的钻井技术与地质条件基础上，改进完善了与地层相适应的钻井技术，建立了矿区三维地质模型，设计应用了水平分支对接井，优化了钻井轨迹设计，建立起非矿层与矿层的基准物探测井响应曲线，探索出矿区地层致斜机理及相应钻井防斜措施，研究并应用了各种井底钻具组合与设备，采用了提高水平钻井轨迹控制精度的技术方法。上述多种水溶采矿钻井技术创新措施的应用，提高了矿山规划能力、降低了施工成本、提高了资源回采率、缩短了施工工期、降低了劳动强度、提高了钻进效率、减少了施工用地以及对环境的破坏。可为天然碱矿及可溶性矿产的整体矿山规划，以及钻井水溶采矿技术的提高提供借鉴。 相似文献
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近年来地质钻探孔内事故数量呈下降态势,但由于技术经济条件变化、地质钻探应用领域和范围扩大,钻孔深度增加,孔内复杂情况增多,一旦发生孔内事故,处理难度变大。应尽快对地质钻探孔内复杂情况和孔内事故种类进行梳理,制定地质钻探孔内事故预防和处理技术规程,推动孔内事故预防处理技术发展和规范化管理。地质钻探孔内复杂情况种类主要有钻孔漏失/涌水、钻孔弯曲、孔内温度异常、钻孔缩径/扩径、钻孔坍塌/阻滞、孔内沉渣、孔内异物和其他孔内异常等;地质钻探孔内事故种类主要有钻具事故、卡钻事故、埋钻事故、烧钻事故、套管事故、测井事故、取心事故和其他事故等。地质钻探与石油天然气钻井有着较大的工艺差异,孔内复杂情况和孔内事故种类亦与石油天然气钻井有所不同,不能完全照搬其种类划分,但应借鉴学习石油天然气钻井行业的井下事故预防处理先进技术和管理理念。 相似文献
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套管断裂事故是地热钻井中的常见事故多发在套管下井及固井后钻进过程中，根据不同阶段套管断裂的原因分析，提出了处理该类事故的原则，并论述套管断裂事故产生原因及预防措施。以典型实例介绍了套管断裂工程事故处理步骤：利用井下电视确定断管位置，制作导正器，然后下入次一级套管并用水泥封固。 相似文献
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在开采地下水的钻井过程中,井塌是比较常见井内事故,但井塌情况不尽相同。作者分析了永寿县西庄村井塌事故的原因,总结了数字处理方法和处理过程。本井处理方法恰当,水井运行10 a,至今仍然正常。实践证明,效果显著,成为了一个井塌事故处理比较成功的例子。 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。 相似文献
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Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters. 相似文献