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本文以细粒辉长岩、中粒花岗岩、细粒斜长角闪岩和二辉麻粒岩等几种岩石类型为实验样品,进行了高温高压条件下岩石的变形、熔融试验。通过对实验样品详细的变形、熔融特征研究和应力应变分析,得出了共轭扇式变形-熔融模型可能更能反映自然实际条件下动力变形、熔融的平面分布特征。在动力熔融概念和分层熔融模式提出的基础上,本文提出如下几点设想:1岩石圈脆-韧性转变域内的岩石在构造动力条件下可发生动力熔融,并且其平面分布呈共轭扇式变形-熔融结构展布;其作用机理为剪切压熔机制控制下的各种有利促熔条件控熔。2动力熔融概念的提出,大大扩展了熔融的发生域和岩浆源地的分布范围,使得熔融或岩浆的产生不再只限于上地幔或壳幔边界,而是分布在一个相当宽广的温压和组分范围内,其热力来源也不再只受地温梯度控制,而是有热力、动力两种来源。3在造山带分层熔融模式提出的基础上,重新分析了岛弧钙碱性安山岩、类埃达克岩、同构造花岗岩的成因问题,提出了岛弧钙碱性安山岩的分层熔融混合岩浆成因和类埃达克岩、同构造花岗岩的动力熔融成因;并提出了裂谷拉伸环境可能存在分层熔融模式和有关分层熔融模式多类型的设想。 相似文献
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通过显微和亚微分析揭示出辽东地区3种变形特点的角闪质岩石（片麻状斜长角闪岩、条带状斜长角闪岩和糜棱状斜长角闪岩）具有差异的显微及亚微构造。通过地质温压计计算,3种斜长角闪岩及其原岩的形成与变形温压条件具有从升温升压经降温升压到降温降压的变化规律（片麻状斜长角闪岩：597.0 ℃,0.536 GPa;条带状斜长角闪岩：617.3 ℃,0.455 GPa;糜棱状斜长角闪岩：558.8 ℃,0.514 GPa）。从其趋势和规律,结合显微构造分析,3种岩石是同一期变形不同阶段的产物。在递进变形作用过程中,塑性变形是斜长角闪岩流动和蠕变的主要机制。结合前人的实验变形结果,修正了大陆岩石圈结构模型。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
下地壳的含水性和变形研究对探讨岩石圈变形方式和机制具有重要意义。传统观念认为,大陆岩石圈强度轮廓为"果酱三明治"式(即下地壳力学强度相对较弱,而上地壳和地幔岩石圈力学强度相对较硬,而大洋岩石圈强度轮廓正好相反,即下地壳力学强度相对较强,而上地壳和地幔岩石圈力学强度相对较弱。大陆地震震源深度分布的研究发现,大陆岩石圈地幔并无明显地震活动的证据,而某些地区下地壳却存在比较显著的地震活动,从而表明至少在某些地区,大陆下地壳在力学强度上要高于岩石圈地幔。大陆下地壳的流变学性质具有显著的空间和时间上的不均一性。大陆下地壳不同力学强度模型争议的一个很重要的关键点为下地壳究竟是干的还是湿的。我们对攀西含钒钛磁铁矿辉长岩和汉诺坝麻粒岩中结构水和组构特征的研究结果表明:下地壳可能是富水的而不是先前认为的干的,辉石与长石中的含水量及分配系数在不同的下地壳岩石中差别很大,并直接影响矿物和岩石的变形组构和强度。对榴辉岩相条件下准稳态的麻粒岩的变形初步实验研究表明,麻粒岩相变是非常缓慢的过程,很难导致地震,下地壳地震活动可能与含水矿物脱水和部分熔融有关。 相似文献
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榴辉岩的地震波性质：对苏鲁超高压变质带地壳成分和折返机制的探讨 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
本文总结了榴辉岩的高温高压弹性波速测量结果,并将其应用于苏鲁超高压变质带地震资料的解释。由于榴辉岩具有高密度和高波速,它们和长英质片麻岩、大理岩、石英岩、角闪岩、麻粒岩、蛇纹石化橄榄岩的界面可以产生强反射。如果俯冲的陆壳物质以榴辉岩与围岩互层的形式在上地幔保留下来,就可能在造山带的上地幔产生地震反射。根据CCSD孔区地震剖面所建立的地壳成分模型表明:苏鲁超高压带地壳浅部的高速层可归因于夹在花岗质片麻岩、副片麻岩、角闪岩等岩石中的榴辉岩和超基性岩;中地壳主要由中酸性片麻岩、斜长角闪岩和副片麻岩组成;下地壳以中基性麻粒岩为主。在该超高压变质带现今的深部地壳,榴辉岩含量很少或几乎没有。因此,折返的超高压变质岩是以构造岩片的形式沿一系列剪切带逆冲并覆盖在正常的中下地壳之上,深部榴辉岩的缺乏可能与下地壳拆沉作用无关。 相似文献
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角闪岩作为中下地壳的重要物质组成,其岩石和矿物的变形行为及力学强度表现直接制约着中下地壳力学属性与状态,因此开展对其中重要组成矿物角闪石的变形行为和地震波各向异性研究,具有重要地质意义.以红河-哀牢山剪切带中出露的变形角闪岩中角闪石为研究对象,其中显微构造分析表明,变形角闪岩分别呈现出粗、中粒条带状糜棱岩和细粒条带状超糜棱岩.分别对这3种变形岩石中的角闪石矿物颗粒进行了EBSD晶格优选定向分析和地震波各向异性计算,结果表明3种变形角闪岩中的角闪石呈现出不同取向及典型晶质塑性变形特征,(100)[001]主要滑移系发育,同时发育不同程度的(010)[001]和(110)[001]次级滑移系.我们认为在剪切变形过程中,角闪石双晶滑移和解理面滑移共同作用致使角闪石细粒化.从粗粒到细粒条带状角闪石,随着角闪石颗粒粒度减小,角闪石中AV_p也有逐渐变小的趋势,表明角闪石变形行为、形态优选定向及晶格优选定向共同影响着地震波各向异性. 相似文献
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云南高黎贡山典型斜长角闪岩地震波速、各向异性及其晶格优选定向的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
斜长角闪岩和角闪岩相变质岩石是大陆中—下地、岛弧深部地壳以及俯冲大洋地壳中最重要的组成岩石之一,查明目前地壳中斜长角闪岩的体积含量、空间分布及其应变状态对于深入研究大陆地壳的形成与演化过程极其重要.笔者等实验测量了云南高黎贡韧性剪切带典型变形斜长角闪岩7个关键性方向上的地震(P和S波)波速随静水围压(0～600 MPa)的变化规律,并利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术测定了主要造岩矿物角闪石、斜长石和石英的品格优选方位,查清斜长角闪岩中地震波速各向异性与剪切波分裂的成因,确定斜长角闪岩中有限应变椭球与波速椭球的对应关系,为今后利用原地地震波速的各向异性调查地壳深部区域构造应变场提供必要的实验和理论基础. 相似文献
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地壳发生的一切变形都是地应力作用的结果。在构造应力作用下,组成地壳的岩石、矿物必然发生变形,这些变形也必然在岩石、矿物内遗留下各种构造形迹——显微构造;同时,矿物的形体方位和晶格方位也会产生相应的定向排列(优选方位)——组构。近年来,显微构造与组构的研究不仅用于地质构造的运动学和动力学研究,而且日益受到构造地质、地震地质和岩石力学的研究者们的重视。 相似文献
10.
新疆北山盐滩断裂南一带从原划奥陶-志留系地层中解体出古老的角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质岩和变质侵入岩体,主要岩性为黑云母斜长片麻岩、条带状混合岩、斜长角闪岩、及少量变粒岩、麻粒岩等。其中首次发现了代表中、下地壳深变质作用的中-高压基性麻粒岩。详细的野外调查、岩相学及矿物学研究表明,该基性麻粒岩主要由透辉石、紫苏辉石、褐色普通角闪石及拉长石组成。其演化经历了由麻粒岩相岩石经退变质反应而成为角闪岩相变质岩的过程。研究表明,该区麻粒岩中的单斜辉石及角闪石矿物学成因均属于变质成因,其中单斜辉石形成环境为高压型,而角闪石形成环境为中低压环境。麻粒岩相变质岩形成于约1.25GPa(42km埋深)以下的中高压-高压环境,其形成温度约841℃;而退变质作用下的角闪岩相变质岩应形成于650~657℃的温度范围之内,压力为0.460~0.495GPa之间,相应的代表埋深约为16.5km的中低压型环境。该区高级变质岩及其基性麻粒岩的发现,将对该区地壳成分、麻粒岩的成因与变质作用以及所处的大地构造背景演化等研究无疑将起到非常重要的作用。 相似文献
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藏南变质橄榄岩的橄榄石组构可划分为三个主要类型:[100]、[010]和[001]组构。橄榄石[100]组构反映洋壳下部—上地幔上部的高温粘性流变和高温塑性流变,橄榄石[010]和[001]组构基本上是构造侵位阶段陆壳中低温塑性流变结果。变质橄榄岩中橄榄石组构转化具有明显的规律性,在岩体变形过程中,总的显示由高温的[100]组构逐渐转化为低温的[001]、[010]组构。高温塑性流变组构影响和制约低温塑性流变组构的发育,叠加变形有利于橄榄石[100]极密的加强和[100]组构向[010]、[001]组构的转化。 相似文献
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超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石组构和变形机制研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
榴辉岩中绿辉石晶格优选方位(LPO)类型主要有S型(压扁型)组构、L型(收缩型)组构、L-S中间型组构、退火型组构,其中L型和S型组构是绿辉石在超高压岩石中最发育的组构类型.矿物组构的产生与变形机制密切相关,目前还无法解释绿辉石LPO产生和变化的原因.对天然绿辉石变形机制的最新研究进行了评述,包括位错蠕变产生变形绿辉石LPO的传统观点,以及扩散蠕变伴随晶体各向异性生长和空间群转换两种新观点.使用费氏台对大别山双河地区榴辉岩中的绿辉石组构进行了测量,并用电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)对测量结果进行了验证.结合榴辉岩的显微构造和绿辉石组构特征对大别山双河超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石的变形机制进行了初步探讨,认为其变形机制以位错蠕变为主. 相似文献
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It is suggested that the kinematic framework controls the orientation of crystallographic fabrics developed in plastically deformed quartzites. Important directions in this framework are those of the instantaneous stretching axes, and the flow plane and flow direction if these can be uniquely defined. Rotation of the crystal axes takes place at any instant of time dependent on the orientation of the grain relative to the stretching axes. Because of this dependence the skeletal outline* of a pattern of preferred orientation is sensitive to the closing stages of deformation. Thus fabrics measured in major movement zones cannot be related to early thrust or shear displacements without considering the effects of the geological history subsequent to those events.Nevertheless, asymmetric fabrics in movement zones may allow determination of the shear direction and sense of shear. Asymmetry in the intensity distribution is less susceptible to modification than asymmetry in the fabric skeleton, and may remain as a persistent measure of the sense of shear in mylonites subjected to coaxial deformation after non-coaxial events. However, fabric asymmetry need not always be related to the deformation history, and effects related to the population of initial grain-orientations must be considered, as well as the influence of recrystallization and grain growth.A problem of scale is involved in extrapolating the movement picture inferred from the behaviour of a few hundred crystal grains to larger dimensions. This question is also encountered when trying to specify deformation paths in mesoscopic shear zones. It is difficult to obtain simple shear experimentally because of the role discontinuities play in deformation. In certain cases in natural shear zones the quartz grains may be subjected to a coaxial deformation path while the bulk deformation is progressive simple shear. Caution must therefore be exercised when attempting to use quartz fabrics to infer characteristics of the bulk kinematics or movement picture applicable during deformation. 相似文献
14.
The simulation of fabric development during plastic deformation and its application to quartzite: the influence of deformation history 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of deformation history on the development of crystallographic preferred orientation in quartzities has been simulated using a computer program based on the Taylor-Bishop-Hill analysis. Model quartzities with different combinations of glide systems have been subjected to various coaxial and non-coaxial deformation histories. It is possible to obtain information from the fabrics that develop during simple histories; for example, the location of the axis of extension is generally associated with a pole free area on a c-axis plot, and progressive axial shortening, plane strain and axial shortening produce characteristic fabrics. In progressive simple shear the fabric skeleton becomes asymmetric relative to the sense of shear and a-axes preferentially align in the flow plane parallel to the flow direction. However, this example illustrates that the fabric orientation and characteristics are controlled by the kinematic framework and bear only an indirect relationship to the finite strain accumulated to that point in the history.The imprint of the closing stages of deformation limits to some degree the use of crystallographic fabrics as a tool for structural geologists, but in favourable circumstances data can be obtained concerning characteristics of the deformation history, on the scale of the hand-specimen, for the last part of this history. 相似文献
15.
This paper examines the geological implications of an analysis of constraints on the orientation of fold axes in orthotropic materials. We argue that rocks with penetrative linear and planar shape fabrics may have orthotropic (anisotropic) properties during deformation. Two forms of anisotropy (rheological and structural) could be potentially important in the control of fold axial directions. We discuss a model of deformation of rocks with linear/planar fabrics where, in a single deformation event, major fold axes need not be parallel to minor fold axes and neither need be perpendicular to the principal compressive stress direction. Geological and model examples of anistropic control on fold axial directions are given. 相似文献
16.
A method of analysing finite strain from an initial random distribution of lines or planes is presented. The shape of the strain ellipsoid is mapped to the eigenvalue ratios of an orientation matrix. The method is used to interpret the andalusite fabrics from the aureole of the Ardara granite, County Donegal, Ireland. The high flattening strains determined in the aureole are accompanied by oblate strains in the granite margins and support the concept of deformation produced by expansion of the pluton. 相似文献
17.
辽南金州拆离断层带中花岗质岩石的变形:显微构造、组构与年代学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
花岗岩(脉)在中下地壳韧性剪切带中普遍发育,如何正确鉴别剪切带中剪切前、剪切期及剪切后花岗岩(脉)以及正确理解剪切过程中构造变形与岩浆作用之间的关系一直是一个重要课题。本文以辽南金州拆离断层带为研究对象,选取中部地壳伸展作用过程中具有不同变形表现的花岗岩(脉)开展宏观-微观构造观察、石英EBSD组构分析及锆石LA-ICP-MS年代学测试等工作,从而进一步丰富构造-岩浆关系判别准则。剪切前花岗岩(脉)多变形强烈且具有后期固态变形叠加在早期高温岩浆组构之上的特点,而剪切期的花岗岩由于侵位的时间不同,岩石的变形程度也会不同。剪切晚期侵入的岩脉遭受了较弱的晶内塑性变形,而剪切早期的岩脉可以显示岩浆流动或结晶后高温至中温固态变形。从组构特点上看,剪切前和剪切期花岗质岩石石英c轴组构大多表现为中高温组构叠加有低温组构的特点。剪切后的花岗质岩石仅发生微弱的晶内变形或未变形而显示低温或无规律的组构特征。对五个典型的样品进行年代学测试,其结果符合相应的期次划分类型。应用宏观构造、显微构造与组构分析,结合年代学测试综合分析,对于辽南变质核杂岩构造-岩浆活动性进行了精细划分,包括134~130Ma初始伸展阶段,130~115Ma峰期伸展与强烈岩浆活动阶段,以及115Ma前后伸展作用结束。 相似文献
18.
Albite porphyroblasts in a basic schist of the Sambagawa metamorphic belt (Besshi—Bashi, Central Shikoku) show zonal variation of inclusions defined by inclusion-free mantles and inclusion-rich cores, though matrix minerals are partly incorporated in the outer zones of the mantles. From comparison of the crystallographic and dimensional fabrics of inclusion and matrix epidote, it has been concluded that the orientation of the principal axes of strain was different for the deformation of matrix fabrics and inclusion fabrics (fabrics produced before formation of cores). Inclusion amphibole in the cores belongs to the actinolite—common hornblende group, with Si content more than 7.0, whereas amphibole in the matrix and outer zones of mantles belongs to the common hornblende group, with Si content less than 7.1. This shows that the metamorphic temperature was higher during the phase of formation of the outer zones of the mantles than during that of the cores. The average direction of maximum growth of the mantles, which has been estimated from differences between the average shapes of porphyroblasts and those of cores, is parallel to the linear orientation of amphibole and epidote in the matrix. The average direction of minimum growth of the mantles coincides with the normal to the schistosity of the matrix. The mantles appear to be of the same generation as the matrix fabrics. 相似文献
19.
The Maximum Effective Moment (MEM) criterion predicts that the initial orientation of ductile shear zones and shear bands is ~55° relative to the maximum principal stress axis (σ1) and that the kinematic vorticity number (Wk) is ~0.94. These preferred orientations should be reflected in the pattern of quartz -fabrics in shear zones and shear bands. Common quartz -fabrics in plane strain can be divided into low-temperature (L) and high-temperature (H) fabrics, with each group showing three patterns. A steady flow with a constant value of Wk≈0.94 gives rise to L-1 and H-1 patterns, which are commonly characterized by a single axis girdle normal to the shear zone and a single -point maximum parallel to the shear zone.Once the conjugate set develops, L-1 and H-1 have opening angles of ~70° and ~110°, respectively. L-2 and H-2 are asymmetric patterns associated with variable deformation partitioning and vorticity values of 0< Wk<0.94. In contrast, L-3 and H-3 are symmetric patterns associated with 100% deformation partitioning and Wk=0. The opening angle in quartz -fabrics is implicitly linked to the temperature during deformation. The opening angle is ~70° at low temperature and ~110° at high temperature. However, a linear correction between the opening angle and the temperature cannot be established. During deformation partitioning, synthetic shear bands form earlier than antithetic bands and are more easily developed. This may result in opening angles of <70° for low-temperature fabrics and of >110° for high-temperature fabrics. The following criteria can be used to recognize reworked shear zones that have experienced multiple orogenic phases and changes in the stress state: 1) the initial Wk is larger or smaller than ~0.94; 2) the change in Wk is abrupt, rather than progressive; 3) inconsistent shear senses are inferred for the different phases of deformation; and 4) a negative value of Wk is found in reworked shear zones. 相似文献
20.
Composite magnetic anisotropy fabrics: experiments, numerical models and implications for the quantification of rock fabrics 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Magnetic fabrics from rocks with multiple mineral-preferred orientations may have anisotropy ellipsoids whose shape and orientation arise from the addition of two or more component fabrics. Our numerical models and experiments demonstrate that such composite magnetic fabrics do not directly reflect the shapes and/or orientations of the individual mineral fabrics and we provide criteria for the recognition and interpretation of composite fabrics in natural rocks. These criteria include:
1. (1) the orientation of the maximum susceptibility axis is located at the intersection of two planar fabrics, and
2. (2) the shape of the susceptibility ellipsoid changes from oblate to prolate and the degree of anisotropy decreases, as the relative intensity of two planar component fabrics becomes equal and as the angle between the planar fabrics increases.
Composite magnetic fabrics are observed in the shales and slates of the Martinsburg Formation, Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania. Modeling of the AMS (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) and ARMA (anhysteretic remanent magnetization anisotropy) behavior constrains the relative degree of anisotropy of the bedding-parallel and cleavage-parallel fabrics. In particular, ARMA model results allow a good estimate of magnetite fabric strength.
We conclude that, in the presence of composite magnetic fabrics, quantitative measures of finite strain in deformed rocks are limited by the ability to accurately determine the degree of anisotropy and relative susceptibility of each component fabric. Such determinations require knowledge of the mineral(s) that are responsible for the measured magnetic fabric and their behavior during deformation. 相似文献