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1.
以陕西镇安西口石炭一二叠系界线剖面为具体实例，探讨了冰川型海平面变化控制下的台地碳酸盐岩成岩作用规律．描述了陕西镇安西口石炭一二叠系界线剖面碳酸盐岩的各种成岩作用类型．根据成岩组构将研究区碳酸盐岩的成岩环境分为海水、大气淡水和埋藏环境．综合分析了各种成岩作用及其成岩环境的纵向分布特征．研究表明，剖面上碳酸盐岩成岩作用和成岩环境的特征与岩石在高频旋回中的相对位置存在明显的对应关系，受大振幅、高频率的冰川型海平面变化控制．早期海平面相对上升，形成旋回的下部单元，岩石首先经历海底成岩作用，随着上覆沉积物的增加，逐渐进入浅埋藏环境，成岩作用表现为以压溶、重结晶作用发育为主要特征．晚期形成旋回的上部单元，由于海平面相对下降，沉积物逐渐抬升，早期海底成岩作用尚未充分发育就脱离海水环境，进入大气淡水成岩环境，以强烈的大气淡水成岩作用为特征． 相似文献
2.
对中国海相石炭—二叠系界线典型剖面陕西镇安西口剖面进行了生物地层、层序地层、磁性地层、事件地层多学科综合研究。在石炭—二叠系界线附近建立了4个牙形石生物带,自下而上依次为Streptogna-thoduselegantulus带,S·elongatus带,S·gracilis带和S·isolatus带。将研究区石炭—二叠系界线置于S·isolatus带的底界,较以带Pseudofusulinakrotowisphaeroidea-Dunbarinella(PD)带的底界为标志确定的石炭—二叠系界线层位低3·3m。在西口剖面上石炭统逍遥阶至下二叠统隆林阶,以初始海泛面作为层序界面,识别出12个四级层序(大体相当于副层序组),构成5个Ⅱ型三级层序。这5个三级层序及其对应的海平面变化与贵州独山、罗甸纳水、紫云扁平剖面同期地层中三级层序及海平面变化旋回之间显示出较好的对应关系。除下杨家河阶外,其余各阶的底界,包括逍遥阶、上杨家河阶、范家河阶、垭口阶及隆林阶的底界,基本上都位于沉积相转换点或其附近,即层序地层及海平面变化旋回的关键界面或其附近。表明这5个三级层序的关键界面与年代地层界线的关系相当密切。碳酸盐岩磁化率大小与碳酸盐岩微相存在一定的对应关系,显示相对海平面变化是控制碳酸盐岩磁化率大小的重要因素。另外,在重要地层界线附近常出现磁化率异常高值,说明碳酸盐岩磁化率可能作为地层划分对比的重要依据。西口地区晚石炭世逍遥期至早二叠世隆林期地层中可识别出两次明显的类辐射事件。第一次类辐射事件发生在Occidentoschwagerinaalpina-O·postgallowayi(OS)组合带底部,即下杨家河阶的底部。第二次辐射事件发生在Mccloudiaregularis-Par-aschwagerinafragosa-Robustoschwagerinaxiaodushanica(MPR)组合带底部,即范家河阶的底部。具有三级和三级以上隔壁的四射珊瑚动物群突然大量繁盛,代表四射珊瑚演化进程中一次重大变革。在陕西镇安石炭—二叠系界线附近,这个生物事件首现层位相当于类Pseudofusulinaurdalensi(PU)带下部,高于该带底界不到12m,以Xikouphyllum-Shaannanophyllum-Szechuanophyllum-Wentzellophyllum组合带为代表。在这个层位牙形石也发生了重要变化。各类地质事件记录出现的层位关系密切。在垭口阶底界各类地质事件记录吻合最好,隆林阶底界次之,然后是范家河阶底界。与上述3条界线相比,在镇安西口剖面上,以牙形石Streptognathodusisolatus的首现位置确定的石炭—二叠系界线事件地层特征不明显,既不是一个生物辐射演化面,碳酸盐岩磁化率变化也不太明显,在实际工作中不易使用。 相似文献
3.
羌塘盆地东缘布曲组碳酸盐岩的成岩作用类型主要有泥晶化作用、胶结作用、压实压溶作用、破裂作用、溶解作用等,其中以破裂作用、溶解作用和泥晶化作用最为发育。根据成岩组构可将碳酸盐岩的成岩环境分为海水、大气淡水和埋藏三种成岩环境。初步总结了布曲组剖面上成岩作用与沉积环境和海平面变化的关系。沉积旋回的下部以选择性的内溶孔和海底泥晶化作用为主要特征,中上部以发育压实、压溶的埋藏成岩作用为主。海平面到达最高点以后快速下降,以发育晚期的大汽淡水溶蚀作用为主要特征。初步总结了海进环境下成岩作用演化序列;探讨了羌塘盆地东缘的布曲组在油气普查与方面的重要意义。 相似文献
4.
陕西镇安石炭系一二叠系界线剖面层序地层和相对海平面变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在陕西镇安西口上石炭统逍遥阶至下二叠统隆林阶的剖面上，区分出含生物碎屑灰泥灰岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒灰岩、团块颗粒灰岩和核形石颗粒灰岩6种主要的碳酸盐岩微相类型。通过详细的微相特征分析，确定了碳酸盐岩沉积过程中的水动力状况和相对水深变化趋势，识别出低能潮下型碳酸盐旋回A1、A2及高能浅滩型碳酸盐旋回B1、B2两类4种高频旋回。根据这些高频旋回在剖面上的有序叠置型式，将镇安西口地区的上石炭统逍遥阶至下二叠统隆林阶划分出12个四级层序和5个Ⅱ型三级层序地层单元，反映了这一地区晚石炭世逍遥期至早二叠世降林期曾发牛过12次四级相对海平面波动和5次明显的三级相对海平面升降。 相似文献
5.
《地质科技情报》2015,(5)
渤中凹陷奥陶系碳酸盐岩在沉积后经历了漫长的地质改造,不同成岩作用改造使储层极为复杂,因此识别不同成岩环境对潜山储层预测具有一定意义。通过岩石薄片观察、扫描电镜、阴极发光等分析确定研究区奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了正常海水成岩环境、大气淡水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境,储层储集空间以溶蚀作用引起的次生孔隙和裂缝为主,物性中等,储层非均质性强。结合区域构造演化,镜下特征,碳、氧同位素分析及包裹体分析表明虽然在大气淡水成岩环境及埋藏成岩环境下均有溶蚀作用发生,但对该区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层影响最大的是古生代-中生代期间大气淡水环境下的表生岩溶作用,构造运动导致地层抬升遭受长时间风化淋滤从而改善了储层物性,而埋藏环境下溶蚀改造对储层物性改造有限;新近纪期间深埋环境下大规模胶结作用是本区奥陶系储层物性降低的主要因素。 相似文献
6.
陕西镇安石炭系--二叠系界线剖面层序地层和相对海平面变化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在陕西镇安西口上石炭统逍遥阶至下二叠统隆林阶的剖面上,区分出含生物碎屑灰泥灰岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒灰岩、团块颗粒灰岩和核形石颗粒灰岩6种主要的碳酸盐岩微相类型。通过详细的微相特征分析,确定了碳酸盐岩沉积过程中的水动力状况和相对水深变化趋势,识别出低能潮下型碳酸盐旋回A1、A2及高能浅滩型碳酸盐旋回B1、B2两类4种高频旋回。根据这些高频旋回在剖面上的有序叠置型式,将镇安西口地区的上石炭统逍遥阶至下二叠统隆林阶划分出12个四级层序和5个II型三级层序地层单元,反映了这一地区晚石炭世逍遥期至早二叠世隆林期曾发生过12次四级相对海平面波动和5次明显的三级相对海平面升降。 相似文献
7.
塔里木盆地塔中地区中上奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序发育对同生期岩溶作用的控制 总被引：30，自引：3，他引：27
塔里木盆地塔中地区是塔里木油田的主要采油区。奥陶系碳酸盐岩是区内重要的目的层段之一。在剖面、测井和岩心资料的基础上,以Cross的高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,对区内中上奥陶统进行了初步的层序地层研究,划分出了三级层序界面。结合镜下薄片分析,以特征成岩组构为大气淡水成岩作用的识别标志,识别出 4个大气淡水成岩透镜体。在横向连井层序对比的基础上,结合大气淡水成岩透镜体的发育层位,建立了层序地层和大气淡水成岩透镜体对比剖面。揭示不同级别层序界面对台地边缘碳酸盐岩同生期岩溶的控制,对于正确预测碳酸盐岩储层的发育规律,具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
8.
塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩演化与储层形成关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩的地质演化，主要经历了大气淡水成岩环境，海水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境的改造，形成丰富的储人间类型和4种典型的孔隙结构特征，即溶孔－晶间孔复合型，粒间孔－粒间溶孔型，缝合线－微裂缝型和致密微孔型，大气淡水淋滤溶解作用和各种类型白云岩化作用有利于优质储层的形成，而胶结作用及压实，压溶作用则阻碍了储集空间的形成，奥陶系微晶灰岩和生屑灰岩由于主要经历了海水成岩－埋藏成岩环境的改造，胶结和压实作用特征明显，未能形成有效储集空间，整体属Ⅳ类差储集层，石炭系碳酸盐岩储层特征具有分区性，麦盖提斜坡区的储层物性明显优于巴楚隆起区，这与斜坡区碳酸盐岩遭后期大气淡水淋溶改造有关，古近系卡拉尔组碳酸盐岩经去膏化作用和大气淡水淋溶作用的复合改造，储层整体面貌呈Ⅲ-Ⅰ类的优良储层。 相似文献
9.
塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩环境特征及其对储层物性的控制作用 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩在其漫长的地质演化过程中 ,主要经历了大气淡水成岩环境、海水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境的改造 ,形成了丰富的成岩组构和成岩作用类型。根据宏观和微观岩石学特征的研究 ,并结合地球化学 ,阴极发光和微量元素分析资料 ,可在研究区鉴别出十三种基本的成岩段类型和八种有利的复合成岩段 ,并详细描述了不同成岩段的成岩组构、成岩矿物组合特征和储集空间类型 ,同时深入探讨了不同成岩段与储层物性间的关系及其受控因素 ,从而将碳酸盐岩成岩演化特征与储层物性特征有机地联系起来 ,为客观评价和预测储集层在纵向和平面上的展布规律确立了理论基础 相似文献
10.
库车盆地西北缘下第三系碳、氧同位素特征及成岩环境 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
库车盆地西北缘及柯坪地区下第三系碳酸盐岩稳定同位素分析结果显示氧同位素组成在相对较小的范围内变化，而碳同位素组成变化很大。沉积学研究表明塔拉克组和小库孜拜组海相地层主要为潮坪、萨布哈和渴湖相沉积，在成岩过程中或成岩期后，沉积物不同程度地受到了淡水作用的影响。所分析的样品大部分形成于大气淡水成岩环境，富集１２Ｃ，δ１３Ｃ为正值的样品一般形成于海水成岩环境。稳定同位素分析是研究成岩作用的有效手段之一。 相似文献
11.
The diagenesis of modern and ancient carbonatesedi ments has been widely studied and systematicallyreviewed since the 1960s (e .g. Moore ,2001 ,1989 ;Wang et al ., 1994 , 1991 ; McIlreath and Morrow,1990 ; Tucker and Bathurst , 1990 ; Schneidermannand Harris , 1985 ; Longman, 1980 ; Bathurst ,1975) . With the development of sequence stratigra-phy and its more widespread application, discussionabout the relationship between diagenesis and se-quence stratigraphy/sea-level changes ,as well as… 相似文献
12.
碳酸盐岩成岩作用与孔隙演化 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
在总结我国碳酸盐岩沉积和成岩基本特征的基础上,阐明有利于孔隙形成的白云石化、去膏、去云化、淡水和埋藏溶解等作用,以及破坏性成岩作用的特征和识别标志。成岩地质体是成岩环境的产物,可根据成岩组构、地球化学和发光特征等加以鉴别。成岩模式是成岩组合、成岩特征和孔隙演化的总概括,以滩相成岩模式展示了成岩相与孔隙的关系。 相似文献
13.
The Darlington (Sakmarian) and Berriedale (Artinskian) Limestones are neritic deposits that accumulated in high‐latitude environments along the south‐eastern margin of Pangea in what is now Tasmania. These rocks underwent a series of diagenetic processes that began in the marine palaeoenvironment, continued during rapid burial and were profoundly modified by alteration associated with the intrusion of Mesozoic igneous rocks. Marine diagenesis was important but contradictory; although dissolution took place, there was also coeval precipitation of fibrous calcite cement, phosphate and glauconite, as well as calcitization of aragonite shells. These processes are interpreted as having been promoted by mixing of shelf and upwelling deep ocean waters and enabled by microbial degradation of organic matter. In contrast to warm‐water carbonates where meteoric diagenesis is important, the Darlington and Berriedale Limestones were largely unaffected by meteoric diagenesis. Only minor dissolution and local cementation took place in this diagenetic environment, although mechanical compaction was ubiquitous. Correlation with burial history curves indicates that chemical compaction became important as burial depths exceeded 150 m, promoting precipitation of extensive ferroan calcite. This effect resulted from burial by rapidly deposited, overlying, thick, late Permian and Triassic terrestrial sediments. This diagenetic pathway was, however, complicated by the subsequent intrusion of massive Mesozoic diabases and associated silicifying diagenetic fluids. Finally, fractures most probably connected with Cretaceous uplift were filled with late‐stage non‐ferroan calcite cement. This study suggests that both carbonate dissolution and precipitation occur in high‐latitude marine palaeoenvironments and, therefore, the cold‐water diagenetic realm is not always destructive in terms of diagenesis. Furthermore, it appears that for the early Permian of southern Pangea at least, there was no real difference in the diagenetic pathways taken by cool‐water and cold‐water carbonates. 相似文献
14.
The diagenesis of carbonate platform sediments is controlled by the original facies and mineralogy, climate, sea-level changes and burial history; these controls are clearly seen in the diagenesis of the Urgonian platform carbonates of SE France. Early diagenesis in the Urgonian platform included the precipitation of marine cements, dissolution of rudist shells and minor karstification. Diagenetic features produced during this phase were controlled by several falls in relative sea-level during the Barremian to mid-Aptian punctuating platform sedimentation, the original mineralogy of the sediment and the prevailing semi-arid/arid climate in the region at this time. Following a relative sea-level rise and further sedimentation, progressive burial of the platform led to minor compaction, followed by precipitation of coarse, equant, zoned to non-luminescent, calcite cement. This cement was cut by later stylolites, suggesting a relatively shallow-burial origin. Stable isotope (mean values - 7.94%δ18O and 0.36%δ13C) and trace element (mean values of Fe 334 ppm, Mn 92 ppm and Sr 213 ppm) data suggest that these cements precipitated from meteoric fluids at temperatures slightly elevated relative to depositional temperatures. A variable thickness of replacive dolomite which occurs preferentially within the shelf-margin facies of the lower part of the Urgonian post-dates mechanical fracturing and chemical compaction, but pre-dates the main phase of stylolitization. It is probable that the dolomitizing fluid was sourced by the early compaction-driven release of connate fluids held within the underlying muddy units. The burial history of these rocks suggests that calcite cementation and dolomitization took place at relatively shallow burial depths (1–1.5 km). The overall diagenetic history of the Urgonian Limestone Formation is a reflection of the pre-conditioning of the platform limestones by climate, sea level, tectonics and the shallow burial depths experienced by the platform during the later Mesozoic. 相似文献
15.
The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs (beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member) in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western (eastern) reservoirs experienced early open (closed), middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis (in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current). Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows: early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandstones. The closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow patterns of the diagenetic fluids controlled the differences in the reservoir properties among the fault blocks. With increasing distance from the oil-source faults, the RQI values in the west gradually decreased and in the east initially increased and then decreased. 相似文献
16.
Akbar Heidari Luis A. Gonzalez Asadollah Mahboubi Reza Moussavi-Harami Greg A. Ludvigson Govind J. Chakrapani 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,84(1):87-104
In order to understand the post-depositional history of carbonate rocks of Guri Member (Lower to Middle Miocene), three stratigraphic sections were selected in north Bandar-Abbas in southeast of Iran. Sampling was carried out, analyzed for selective parameters such as oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions (δ18O and δ13C) and interpreted in the present study. We recognized several diagenetic processes including micritization, cementation, neomorphism, compaction, dissolution, silicification, dolomitization, fracturing and vein filling. Some of the diagenetic processes occurred at different conditions, so in order to achieve precise interpretation, samples from different carbonate components such as, micrite, fracture cement, solution pore cement, intergranular cement, and some biotic allochems were analyzed. In this study micrite samples were subdivided into two groups including micro-spary and micrite. They were recognized under Cathodoluminescence microscope. In addition, micrite samples were classified into five groups based on their depositional environments: supratidal, lagoon, coral bar, open sea, and open basin. There were minor changes in stable isotope ratios based on the sedimentary environments, stratigraphy successions, and micro-spary or micrite properties. In this study, similar calcite cements in petrography studies were differentiated by stable isotope data. Those calcite cements have formed in different diagenetic environments such as meteoric and burial cements. Paragenetic sequence of carbonate rocks were interpreted by integration of petrographic and isotopic studies. We have reconstructed diagenetic models of Guri Member into four stages including marine, meteoric, burial, and uplifting. 相似文献
17.
中下扬子区广泛分布着三叠纪滩相、潮坪相和岩溶带三类碳酸盐岩。根据成岩作用类型、成岩组构、孔隙类型和成岩环境等特征对三类岩石进行比较。滩相碳酸盐岩主要成岩作用是在海水渗流、潜流和淡水渗流、潜流成岩环境下产生的胶结、云化和溶解作用。潮坪相交代白云岩和富含石膏的蒸发岩则以高盐度的海水渗流带的准同生毛细管蒸发浓缩云化作用为主。在大气淡水渗流或潜流成岩环境下则以去云化、去膏化和溶解作用为主。岩溶带碳酸盐岩-蒸发盐岩及其岩溶堆积角砾岩主要经历早期海水强烈蒸发作用下准同生云化作用和晚期表生淡水环境下的岩溶作用。上述主要成岩作用使三类岩石次生孔隙率增加。因此,成岩作用对其成为有希望的储层起到了主导作用。 相似文献
18.
西藏北部西雅尔岗地区白垩-第三系红层的成岩作用及成岩环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西雅尔岗地区位于羌塘高原腹地，地理范围为东经88°00′至89°00′，北纬32°40′至33°40′.大地构造位置从属于羌塘地块的玛依岗日一阿木冈基底隆断带.在晚白坚一第三纪时期，受青藏高原整沐抬升的影响，沉积了一套巨厚的红色陆屑建造，其基本特征为沉积厚度大、粗粒沉积所占比例高、沉积类型复杂、横向及纵向上相变快、岩石的颜色多为红色及紫色.沉积相类型主要为冲积扇、扇三角洲及湖泊.化石类型卖要为植物〔柏型枝)，孢粉和鸟足印化石.反映了在干操气候条件下，快速堆积的沉积特征. 根据对该区岩石学的研究，发现岩石的矿物组合和结构类型皆因成岩作用的影响而发生了很大的变化.矿物组合的变化是由于沉积后附加的陆源机械渗人粘土，在地表条件下不稳定矿物及岩屑的溶解作用以及在成岩过程中自生矿物的形成作用所造成的.导致结构类型改变的原因是(1)机械渗人的碎屑粘土及自生的粘土矿物形成孔隙间的粘土质“成岩杂基”.而这些孔隙在最初沉积时则没有杂基存在;(2)松散沉积物在成岩过程中，结构颖粒的溶解作用;(3)由于压实及压溶作用而形成粉砂级及其它细小的颗粒;(4)交代作用及重结晶作用.这些成岩过程明显地反映了整个区域岩石的演化历史. 显微镜、扫描电镜的观察以及红外光谱的侧定结果表明该区红层的形成是由于在成岩过程中赤铁矿的沉淀而造成的.在扫描电镜下可清楚地识别出赤铁矿的自生晶形.由此可以断定赤铁矿在其形成过程中显然是起了染色剂的作用.它的形成主要受孔隙水的氧化还原条件所控制，似乎于气候的关系不大，尽管它是产于干旱条件的沉积物中. 基于对该区岩石的成岩作用及成岩历史演化序列的研究，建立了该区沉积后的成岩环境模式，亦即(l)早期的表生成岩浅埋藏环境，该环境明显受到沉积环境、沉积作用控制以及气候因素的影响;(2)晚期的成岩深埋藏环境，该环境则主要受地温梯度、压力、温度和孔隙水的地球化学条件的控制. 相似文献