首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
太白山最近1000年的孢粉记录与古气候重建尝试   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11  
秦岭太白山佛爷池最近1000年的孢粉记录及据此所重建古气候参数的时间序列,揭示了历史时期小冰期和中世纪温暖期的气候特征。小冰期的起止时间为1420-1920aAD。其1月与7月平均温度反映本区夏季风与冬季风的变化有很大的不一致性。小冰期开始时,冬季风突然增强,夏季风显示不稳定波动,并相对变弱,而降水一度增多。小冰期的结束是以冬季风逐渐减弱为先导,而夏季风呈突然增强势态,降水偏少。在中世纪温暖期中,1200-1340aAD发生快速气候波动,出现暖夏、冷冬等特征气候,成为历史上少见的灾害性气候时段。   相似文献   

2.
云南鹤庆盆地近1Ma来的气候序列重建初探   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
云南鹤庆盆地近1Ma来的孢粉植物群很好地揭示了本区的环境演化过程。本文利用植物生态位知识,通过模糊数学方法对鹤庆(QH)孔孢粉序列所记录的古气候信息进行重塑,建立了近1Ma来的年均温、年降水量及年较差序列,并将本区气候演化分为4个气候旋回,32个气候期。该序列可与黄土-古土壤序列及海洋δ18O阶段对比,但冷暖波动的幅度及降温时段持续的长短有其特色,表明本区气候既受全球气候变化的控制,又受青藏高原阶段隆升的制约;近1Ma来气温的波动幅度呈递增趋势,0.30MaB.P.尤其显著;冷、暖段间年均温的变化幅度由第一气候旋回的7℃增大到第三气候旋回的9℃(按4次平滑值计算),而样点的实际最大差值由8℃增至16℃;最强烈的降温发生在第二气候旋回中的0.45~0.14MaB.P.时间段,这与玉龙雪山冰川活动规模最大相一致;降温时年降水量及年较差值增大,证实近1Ma来,西南季风区的气候组构与东南季风区不同。  相似文献   

3.
江汉盆地始新世中、晚期古气候定量重建初探   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
依据江汉盆地明钾1孔中、晚始新统系统的孢粉资料, 应用化石孢子花粉亲缘植物的生态位估算孢粉组合所反映的古气候特征.气候参数曲线的变化趋势显示江汉盆地始新世中期气候参数与现今北纬2 2°~ 2 6°的数值相接近, 为中-南亚热带湿润半湿润气候.晚期气温较前期低1~ 4℃, 相当于现今北纬2 3°~ 2 8°处的数值, 为北-中亚热带气候.但是, 气候构型与现今截然不同, 具有气温高、年较差小、降水波动大的特点.始新世中期1月均温比今高5~ 9℃, 表明冬季风作用尚不明显, 晚期略显冬季风的影响.气候的降温发生在孔深2 10 0m处, 主要表现为1月均温的下降和年较差增长, 因而孢粉组合中落叶阔叶树种增多.年降水量波动强烈, 一般于30 0~ 170 0mm之间, 这有利于盐类矿物的迁移和堆积.降水量低于10 0 0mm时, 麻黄灌木花粉增多, 且与膏盐堆积深度相一致.高山深盆的干热环境是本区盐类矿物沉积的主要原因, 年降水量波动强烈且偏低, 有利于盐类的持续堆积, 从而有别于现今西北地区的盐类堆积.   相似文献   

4.
古近纪气候变化在东海盆地内的化石记录   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
常吟善  赵洪  覃军  李帅  张建培 《沉积学报》2019,37(2):320-329
古近纪气候演化经历了由"温室气候"向"温凉气候"转变的过程,在此期间发生了三次显著的气候事件,分别为PETM极热事件、Oi-L骤冷事件和Mi-L降温事件。利用东海陆架盆地内孢粉、有孔虫等古生物资料探讨了全球古气候变化背景下东海陆架盆地内古生物差异性变化,并根据特征孢粉组合恢复东海陆架盆地内不同时期古植被以及古气候,在此基础上将东海陆架盆地温度、湿度变化曲线与全球温度变化曲线、海平面变化作对比分析,结果显示东海陆架盆地气候演变与全球气候变化具有一定的耦合关系,并且对渐新世时期东海陆架盆地气候变化的原因进行了初步探讨,认为渐新世时期季风气候的形成导致了东海陆架盆地花港组整体呈现湿润的气候特征。  相似文献   

5.
采用孢粉分析方法对中俄合作发掘获得的探方10中第3层、第2层采集的孢粉土样进行分析鉴定,研究了位于俄罗斯阿穆尔州伊万诺夫卡区特罗伊茨基墓地的古代自然环境。孢粉检测结果显示,两个样均含有较多孢粉,但孢粉种类较少。出现的植物有23科,31属,其中乔、灌木植物和草本植物有松科(Pinaceae)、苋科(Amaranthaceae)、天南星科(Araceae)、桦木科(Betulaceae)、紫草科(Boraginaceae)、桔梗科(Campanulaceae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、菊科(Compositae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)、壳斗科(Fagaceae)、龙胆科(Gentianaceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、杨柳科(Salicaceae)、茄科(Solanaceae)、瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae)、榆科(Ulmaceae)、荨麻科(Urticaceae)、虎耳草科(Saxifragaceae)、浮萍科(Lemnaceae)等21科的花粉;蕨类植物有石松科(Lycopodiaceae)、水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae)等两个科的孢子出现。研究表明,本区在以往所谓的隋唐时期暖温气候阶段呈现的唐中期比较干旱寒冷的气候特征应当是在晚全新世降温的大气候环境背景下,较高纬度地区的地方气候响应。辽代早期的气候愈发干旱寒冷化。中温带与寒温带的过渡是本区现代气候特征。本区的气候环境背景应当支持以渔猎采集为主的经济形态。本项研究一方面提高了这一地区晚全新世期间更小时间尺度环境研究的精度,另一方面通过孢粉分析及古代植被和气候比较研究,为深入全面地了解靺鞨人不同经济形态和生业模式与环境背景条件的关系奠定了植物考古基础。  相似文献   

6.
本文依据太白盆地拐里村晚更新世晚期沉积物中花粉谱,重建当时主要为含桦树的森林草原或灌丛草原,未见森林。孢粉波动幅度明显,记录了气候的强烈变化。该剖面存在四次孢粉贫乏事件(深度为15.6-15.8m、10.7-10.9m、5.6-5.8m和3.4-3.6m),其特点为木本植物花粉急剧减少,乔本植物花粉几乎为零,草本植物花粉增多。上述孢粉贫乏事件与渭南黄土古风化强度、磁化率以及SPECMAP氧同位素曲线具有较好的可比性,反映气候的冷暖波动基本一致,从而表明该区气候变化与全球气候变化基本同步。   相似文献   

7.
句容宝华山麓距今5700年前后的地层与古气候   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
结合长江下游沿江地区埋藏古树和泥炭形成时间,以及南京浦口林峰桥中晚全新世地层的沉积相特征和地球环境化学分析,江苏南部句容宝华山麓距今5700年前后洪—坡积相地层特征、剖面沉积物中孢粉—气候转换曲线反映:距今5700年前后本区曾经发生过降温干燥事件,宝华山地区当时最低年均温为12.56℃,最低年均降水量为716.40mm。林峰桥剖面对应层位淤泥质沉积物中黏土含量及铁离子含量的异常变化验证了该事件的存在。同时研究也表明,此冷干事件不仅是区域古气候异常变化的反映,还具有全球气候变化的响应特征。  相似文献   

8.
35000 aBP以来四川洪雅的孢粉记录与气候变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
运用古气候参数方法对四川洪雅GMH剖面进行孢粉分析,结合定年数据,分析出本区自晚更新世晚期以来的植被变化和气候变化并与我国南方石笋记录等进行对比分析。研究表明:从大约35670 aBP以来,四川洪雅地区总体经历了暖湿—温润—凉干—温润—冷干—温湿—凉润—暖湿—温润的气候变化过程,其间多有反复;GMH剖面孢粉记录与我国南方石笋记录在古气候变化的大趋势上基本一致,对H3、H2、H1、YD等气候事件反映明显;E带(21100-17000 aBP)对应的降温减湿期较石笋记录提前出现与研究区位于第一、二级阶梯过渡地带、山前台地的地貌特征有关;对比发现I带中的温干气候期(约2150aBP前后)具有一定的区域性意义。   相似文献   

9.
罗布泊属于极端干旱的荒漠区,红柳沙包为这一地区高分辨率环境变化研究提供了计年手段和信息载体.根据罗布泊地区红柳沙包剖面的孢粉资料,结合 1956~2004年实测气候资料,运用相关分析、DCCA分析和WAPLS分析方法,定量恢复了罗布泊地区近200年以来的年均温、7月均温和1月平均相对湿度.研究结果表明,近200年以来罗布泊地区的气候变化经历了3个阶段: 1839~1886年气候由冷干向暖干转变,1891~1941年气候经历了冷湿-冷干-暖干的交替,1946~2004年表现为暖干向暖湿转变的趋势.孢粉浓度对人类活动信息有一定反映,19世纪末期以来,随着人类活动的加剧,孢粉浓度不断降低.  相似文献   

10.
江苏建湖地区全新世生物群和古环境   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
本文据古生物学和古生态学资料,论述了建湖地区全新世生物群的演替、海平面波动、古地理变迁和古气候变化。生物群资料证实,本区曾遭受两次海侵,全新世中期海侵规模大,为高海面期,属低能潮坪至潮下带上部浅水环境;其晚期海侵规模小,属潮上带环境。两次海侵期之间,出现一明显海退期。据孢粉资料计算,本区气候波动与全新世全球性气候变化规律一致。  相似文献   

11.
中国天山西部那拉提山地区多年冻土分布特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
那拉提山位于中国天山西部, 其冻土变化过程对区域自然环境变化、 工程活动产生重要互馈作用. 结合即将修建的新疆伊(宁)-库(车)输电线路前期的冻土勘察结果, 对那拉提山地区冻土分布特性、 主要影响因素等进行了探讨. 结果表明: 那拉提山地区冻土分布属于典型的山地多年冻土, 冻土发育区域、 冻土类型和地下冰空间发育特征及冻土温度状况等主要受到海拔、 地形地貌、 地表水分条件等因素的影响和控制. 同时, 该地区大量发育有泥流阶地、 泥流舌、 热融滑塌、 石环、 石河等冰缘现象. 受坡向、 植被、 水分等因素影响, 区域内冻土活动层厚度为0.7~4.5 m, 随着海拔增加, 冻土厚度由阳坡连续多年冻土下界(海拔3 000 m)附近的约20~22 m增加到海拔3 300 m附近的约70~100 m. 自1985年以来, 区域年平均气温上升(约0.088℃·a-1), 该区域内的冻土退化趋势明显.  相似文献   

12.
天山南坡台兰河流域冰川物质平衡变化及其对径流的影响   总被引:51,自引:29,他引:22  
应用控制流域的径流及相关降水资料,通过模型重建了台兰河流域平均冰川物质平衡序列.结果显示,1957—2000年流域冰川平均年物质平衡为-287mm,累计冰川物质平衡-12.6m;44a来由于气温升温引起的冰川净消融相当于每年补给河流径流1.24×108m3,占河流年径流量的15%.1982年以后,流域冰川物质平衡一直呈负平衡,1957—1981年平均物质平衡为-168mm·a-1,1982—2000年平均为-445mm·a-1.随着气候由暖干向暖湿转型,降水量增加,但冰川对气温的敏感性更大,冰川消融加快,冰川融水量持续增加.气温和降水量的变化与北大西洋涛动和北极涛动变化一致,其突变年份都在1986—1988年左右.  相似文献   

13.
Rock glaciers are an end unit of the coarse debris system that links frost weathering and rockfall to debris transport in mountainous environments. By examining topographic and climatic controls on creep, a better understanding of rock glacier formation and evolution could be obtained. A series of statistical tests were run comparing contributing area parameters (width, length, area, slope, headwall height, etc.) and rock glacier variables (width, length, area, thickness, slope, creep and temperature) in the Front Range of Colorado. Results showed that rock glacier width had the strongest correlation with contributing area width due to an abundance of lobate rock glaciers (r = 0.78). Rock glacier area and contributing area size were also related (r = 0.74), but are also a function of talus production factors. Mean surface velocity appears to be better correlated with thickness (r = 0.58) and length (r = 0.62), rather than slope (r = 0.33). Mean annual air temperature had a stronger exponential relationship with maximum velocities (r = 0.76) compared to mean annual velocity (r = 0.60). Front Range rock glacier velocities tend to decrease with warming, suggesting that the volume of ice and debris, rates of shear in plastic layers, or melt water may have a greater influence on deformation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
This paper presents the first detailed sedimentological study of annual moraines formed by an alpine valley glacier. The moraines have been forming since at least AD 1980 by a subsidiary lobe of Gornergletscher, Switzerland that advances up a reverse bedrock slope. They reach heights of 0.5–1.5 m, widths of up to 6 m and lengths of up to several hundreds of metres. Sediments in these moraines are composed of proglacial outwash and debris flow units; subglacial traction till is absent entirely. Based on four representative sections, three genetic process combinations have been identified: (i) inefficient bulldozing of a gently sloping ice margin transfers proglacial sediments onto the ice, causing differential ablation and dead‐ice incorporation upon retreat; (ii) terrestrial ice‐contact fans are formed by the dumping of englacial and supraglacial material from point sources such as englacial conduit fills; debris flows and associated fluvial sediments are stacked against a temporarily stationary margin at the start, and deformed during glacier advance in the remainder, of the accumulation season; (iii) a steep ice margin without supraglacial input leads to efficient bulldozing and deformation of pre‐existing foreland sediments by wholesale folding. Ice‐surface slope appears to be a key control on the type of process responsible for moraine formation in any given place and year. The second and third modes result in stable and higher moraines that have a higher preservation potential than those containing dead ice. Analysis of the spacing and climatic records at Gornergletscher reveals that winter temperature controls marginal retreat and hence moraine formation. However, any climatic signal is complicated by other factors, most notably the presence of a reverse bedrock slope, so that the extraction of a clear climatic signal is not straightforward. This study highlights the complexity of annual moraine formation in high‐mountain environments and suggests avenues for further research.  相似文献   

15.
青海都兰过去2000年来的气候重建及其变迁   总被引:35,自引:4,他引:35  
根据青海都兰地区树木年轮样本建立了目前我国最长的年轮年表序列。通过年表与气候要素间相关函数、响应函数及响应面分析,选择了可被重建的气候因子,建立了重建方程,恢复了青海都兰地区历史时期的平均温度;并分析讨论了近2 000年来该地区的气候变化。阐述了这个地区的冷暖交替及周期循环。对一些重大气候事件,如中世纪暖期、小冰期和近一个世纪以来的升温等,逐个事件进行了剖析。并与全球温度变化进行了对照。都兰温度曲线为青藏高原东部地区提供了一个较好的气候变化信息表。  相似文献   

16.
达索普冰川海拔7100m处气泡封闭过程研究   总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1  
徐柏青  姚檀栋 《冰川冻土》1999,21(2):120-124
通过对希夏邦马峰北坡达索普冰川气泡形成过程的研究表明,随着深度增加,粒雪中开放气孔体积逐渐减小,但粒雪层仍保持良好的气体渗透性,直到粒雪一冰转变层位开放气孔完全与大气隔离,形成彼此分离的孤立气泡.显然,冰内气泡包裹气体与同层位的冰存在年龄差,只有在气孔完全封闭后,气泡封闭的深度亦不相同,但气泡封闭处对应的密度都大致相当,为079~0.83Mg·m-3.达索普冰川粒雪层中开放气孔在40~47m深度范围内快速封闭,在45m处有50%的气泡形成计算得出气泡中气体与同层位冰的年龄差为59a,同层位气泡中的气体所代表的主体年代分配范围为11a.  相似文献   

17.
Main climatic indexes (mean January, July and annual temperatures; duration of the frost‐free period; seasonal and annual precipitation; and annual potential evaporation) are estimated for the Last Interglacial Eemian–Mikulino–Kazantsevo–Oxygen Isotopic Substage 5e) climatic optimum in northern Eurasia. Reconstructions are based on the palaeofloristic data from 29 sites. The distribution of temperature deviations from present‐day values in northern Eurasia, as well as in the northern hemisphere as a whole, indicates certain areas where temperatures during the Last Interglacial climatic optimum were lower than at present. The greatest positive deviations occurred in the high latitudes and gradually decreased towards mid‐latitudes. At about 45°N the mean January temperature was close to that of the present day. For the mean July temperature, the zone with minor deviations is situated further to the north, at 55°N. South of 50°N, an area with small negative temperature deviations from the present‐day values is reconstructed. A similar decrease in temperature deviations from high to low latitudes was the general tendency in various warm epochs, including the Holocene and the Eocene optima. In the arid and semi‐arid regions of northern Eurasia, a considerable increase in precipitation took place, while air temperatures were close to those of the present or even slightly lower. Another peculiarity of the climate in the Last Interglacial climatic optimum relates to the meridional temperature gradient, one of the factors strongly influencing the intensity of the Westerlies in the mid‐latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Our reconstructions for northern Eurasia tend to contradict this rule. The paradox can be explained by a compensation mechanism: a substantial increase in winter temperature in Siberia indicates that the Siberian atmospheric High was weaker and smaller at the Last Interglacial climatic optimum than at present. The reduced role of the Siberian High was compensated by more frequent invasions of the Atlantic air masses from the west, even though the meridional temperature gradient was smaller than at present.  相似文献   

18.
A palaeotemperature reconstruction based on periglacial phenomena in Europe north of approximately 51 °N, is compared with high‐resolution regional climate model simulations of the marine oxygen isotope Stage 3 (Stage 3) palaeoclimate. The experiments represent Stage 3 warm (interstadial), Stage 3 cold (stadial) and Last Glacial Maximum climatic conditions. The palaeotemperature reconstruction deviates considerably for the Stage 3 cold climate experiments, with mismatches up to 11 °C for the mean annual air temperature and up to 15 °C for the winter temperature. However, in this reconstruction various factors linking climate and permafrost have not been taken into account. In particular a relatively thin snow cover and high climatic variability of the glacial climate could have influenced temperature limits for ice‐wedge growth. Based on modelling the 0 °C mean annual ground temperature proves to be an appropriate upper temperature limit. Using this limit, mismatches with the Stage 3 cold climate experiments have been reduced but still remain. We therefore assume that the Stage 3 ice wedges were generated during short (decadal time‐scale) intervals of extreme cold climate, below the mean temperatures indicated by the Stage 3 cold climate model simulations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号