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1.
喜马拉雅地区淡色花岗岩广泛分布，但相关的稀有金属成矿问题长期被学术界忽略，因为传统观点认为，这些花岗岩是高喜马拉雅变质岩系原地部分熔融而成。但自提出该地区淡色花岗岩高度结晶分异成因模式后，与这些花岗岩演化相关的稀有金属成矿问题引起各方重视，并在铍和铌钽的矿化研究方面取得显著进展。尽管如此，锂的成矿作用研究和资源寻找并没有取得大的突破。本期《岩石学报》报道的喜马拉雅中部琼嘉岗和热曲锂辉石伟晶岩及珠峰前进沟锂电气石-锂云母伟晶岩的发现，充分说明喜马拉雅地区锂资源前景广阔，表明喜马拉雅有望在近期内成为我国稀有金属资源的大型接替基地。根据目前的进展，喜马拉雅地区未来稀有金属成矿作用应加强如下方面的研究：1）加大区内淡色花岗岩岩石学与岩石成因研究力度，厘定它们岩浆结晶分异的程度与成矿潜力；2）对北喜马拉雅穹窿和岩体开展接触变质与围岩蚀变研究，以寻找热液交代型稀有金属矿床；3）加强高喜马拉雅地区藏南拆离系与花岗岩侵位关系的研究，以判断分异岩浆及成矿伟晶岩的赋存部位。近期应集中力量围绕普士拉一带的藏南拆离系、韧性变形的肉切村群地层和淡色花岗岩-伟晶岩等开展联合攻关研究，以期在锂资源上取得更大的突破。 相似文献
2.
花岗岩-伟晶岩型锂铍矿床是锂铍矿床的重要类型。关于锂铍金属在源区花岗质岩浆形成过程的富集机制，岩石学家和矿床学家多强调锂铍花岗岩-伟晶岩的母花岗岩（淡色花岗岩）源于变沉积岩的白云母熔融，但实验岩石学显示白云母熔融其熔体量小（<10vol%）、熔体从岩石中提取锂铍的效率低。这意味着白云母熔融形成花岗质岩浆过程锂铍金属富集机制可能不是花岗质岩浆获取锂铍的主要机制。基于黑云母熔融可以获得大体积熔体（可达50vol%）的实验结果，指出变杂砂岩（黑云母片麻岩）与含黑云母的英云闪长质片麻岩部分熔融形成的黑云母花岗质高温岩浆（>800℃）其结晶形成黑云母花岗岩并可分异演化为淡色花岗岩与锂铍花岗岩-伟晶岩、并构成高温花岗岩-伟晶岩锂铍成矿系统，是花岗岩-伟晶岩型锂铍矿床形成的重要成矿系统，其特征与形成机制值得进一步研究。黑云母脱水熔融过程残留相没有富含锂铍矿物的形成，新形成的花岗质岩浆可以高效地从源岩中获取锂铍金属，是一种新的锂铍富集机制。研究团队于2018年率先进入阿尔金中段无人区开展稀有金属成矿作用的地质调查与考察。经过两年的野外地质调查，新发现2个中-大型花岗伟晶岩型锂铍矿（吐格曼铍锂矿与吐格曼北锂铍矿）和塔什萨依金绿宝石矿，发现大量的黑云母花岗岩、二云母花岗岩与伟晶岩，指出这些淡色花岗岩与伟晶岩成因于黑云母花岗岩的分异演化并构成高温花岗岩-伟晶岩锂铍成矿系统，初步构建花岗岩-伟晶岩锂铍成矿系统的3种组构类型，初步揭示吐格曼铍锂矿与吐格曼北锂铍矿形成于468~460Ma，为加里东期锂铍伟晶岩区。阿尔金中段高温花岗岩-伟晶岩系统成矿特征显示：1）高温黑云母花岗质岩浆可以通过连续的分异结晶形成从下往上依次分带、垂向叠置的系统（组构A），即从黑云母花岗岩到二云母花岗岩、白云母花岗岩与钠长花岗岩、及从近岩体的电气石带到依次远离岩体的绿柱石带、锂辉石带和锂云母带。组构A锂铍伟晶岩的分带与传统的淡色花岗岩-伟晶岩系统中锂铍伟晶岩的分带相似。2）在剪切构造背景下，花岗岩的分异结晶形成从外到里依次为糜棱岩化黑云母花岗岩、二云母花岗岩与白云母花岗岩的环状岩体，而金绿宝石钠长花岗岩从环状岩体中穿出、并向外演化为金绿宝石伟晶岩、绿柱石伟晶岩和锂辉石伟晶岩，金绿宝石钠长花岗岩与金绿宝石伟晶岩的发育是此组构（组构B）的显著特征。3）在强挤压与剪切构造背景下，黑云母花岗岩呈片麻状，伴生的伟晶岩为二云母花岗质伟晶岩、顺围岩片麻理发育、无锂铍矿化。这些特征给我们一些重要启示：即构造动力作用影响与控制岩浆的结晶分异方式，金绿宝石可形成于高温花岗岩-伟晶岩锂铍成矿系统，形成于岩浆分异与演化低程度阶段的低分异花岗伟晶岩不成矿。 相似文献
3.
错那洞穹窿是北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹窿带(NHGD)中发现的新成员,并发育有超大型铍钨锡多金属成矿作用.错那洞矿床铍钨锡多金属矿体赋存于矽卡岩、断裂构造及(伟晶状)花岗岩中,以矽卡岩型矿体为主,形成矽卡岩型矿体的成矿母岩则为一套弱定向二云母花岗岩.针对弱定向二云母花岗岩开展了年代学及地球化学特征研究工作.年代学结果表明,弱定向二云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为16.5±0.3 Ma,为中新世淡色花岗岩浆活动,表明错那洞超大型铍钨锡多金属矿床形成于中新世,为喜马拉雅碰撞造山过程中伸展阶段的产物.地球化学结果表明,该套成矿弱定向二云母花岗岩具有富硅(73.36%~73.89%)、贫铁(0.96%~1.58%)、强过铝质的钙碱性花岗岩地球化学特征.其稀土元素总量较低,相对富集轻稀土元素,而相对亏损重稀土元素,具有明显负Eu异常,相对富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Zr、Ti等高场强元素,地球化学特征综合显示其为一套高分异淡色花岗岩,可能为变泥质岩重融的产物,与藏南拆离系(STDS)的活动密切相关. 相似文献
4.
喜马拉雅造山带中新世岩浆型石榴子石的矿物化学特征:从高Sr/Y花岗岩到淡色花岗岩 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
石榴子石是演化花岗岩常见的重要副矿物之一,但石榴子石地球化学特征如何随岩浆演化而变化是有待探讨的问题之一。雅拉香波片麻岩穹隆发育年龄分别为20. 3±0. 5Ma和20. 1±0. 3Ma(锆石U-Pb年龄)的高Sr/Y比二云母花岗岩(TMG)和淡色花岗岩(Grt-LG)。虽然两类花岗岩都含石榴子石,且在形成时代和Sr-Nd同位素组成上相似,但在元素地球化学特征上具有明显的差异,淡色花岗岩和二云母花岗岩分别代表演化程度较高和较原始的岩浆。在同一件样品中,在石榴子石颗粒之间,存在一定程度的微量元素地球化学特征的不均一性,反映了局部熔体地球化学特征。在两类花岗岩中,岩浆型石榴子石具有以下相似的地球化学特征:(1)从核部到边部,Mn和HREE含量降低,表现出典型的生长环带特征;(2)富集HREE,亏损LREE;和(3)显著的Eu负异常。但在关键微量元素Zn、Sc和Y上,具有明显的差异性。在花岗质岩浆演化过程中,贫Fe、Mg和Mn矿物相的分离结晶作用,导致残留熔体的Ca和Sr含量降低,Eu负异常幅度增大,Sc、Zn、Y和HREE增高,是导致淡色花岗岩石榴子石相应元素含量增高的主要原因。上述观测表明:高Sr/Y花岗岩也可以结晶石榴子石,与通常的淡色花岗岩石榴子石相比,这些石榴子石的Sc、Zn和Y含量和Eu异常幅度明显较低。但随分异程度的升高,石榴子石的元素地球化学特征与源自变沉积岩的淡色花岗岩的类似。因此,花岗岩中的石榴子石矿物化学特征变化记录了花岗岩岩浆演化的重要信息。 相似文献
5.
错那洞穹窿位于北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹窿带（NHGD）的东段，是近年来新发现的穹窿构造。穹窿由内向外依次由核部、滑脱系和盖层三部分组成，错那洞铍钨锡稀有金属矿化主要赋存在穹窿滑脱系的矽卡岩和矽卡岩化大理岩中，矿体产在含石榴子石十字石云母片岩中，与强烈变形的淡色花岗岩或伟晶岩密切相关，部分矽卡岩矿物呈定向排列，具强烈的剪切特征；淡色花岗岩与矽卡岩的接触关系部分呈渐变接触，部分呈突变关系，表明矽卡岩与该期岩浆关系密切，矽卡岩与淡色花岗岩属于同构造的产物。本次研究获得错那洞穹窿滑脱系含石榴子石十字石云母片岩中黑云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为（16.6±0.3）Ma，反等时线年龄为（16.7±0.3）Ma，该年龄代表第二期由南向北伸展构造变形时间，即藏南拆离系（STDS）在错那洞穹窿的活动时间；含白云母的矽卡岩化大理岩中白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为（16.9±0.2）Ma，与含石榴子石十字石云母片岩中黑云母Ar-Ar年龄一致，代表同构造矽卡岩的形成时间，也是错那洞铍钨锡稀有金属矿床的成矿时间。错那洞铍钨锡稀有金属矿床形成于由藏南拆离系强烈活动引起的伸展减薄构造背景，减压熔融形成的岩浆沿着构造通道上涌侵位，并与围岩交代反应形成同构造矽卡岩及其中的富铍钨锡矽卡岩型矿体。 相似文献
6.
江西雅山花岗岩岩浆演化及其Ta-Nb富集机制 总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0
雅山岩体是华南地区著名的富含钽铌矿的稀有金属花岗岩。从早阶段到晚阶段花岗岩中的云母的Li、F和Rb2O含量逐渐升高,其类型变化为“黑鳞云母→Li-云母→锂云母”。锆石的Zr元素被Hf、U、Th、Y和P等元素的置换比例随着岩浆演化程度升高而增大。云母和锆石矿物成分变化特征与全岩体系的Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta比值不断下降而F、Li和P2O5含量逐渐升高的趋势一致,将可以用于指示岩浆演化程度。在岩浆演化过程中不断富集的P、F、Li元素增加了熔体中非桥氧数（NBO）,促使钽-铌元素在岩浆中的溶解度加大而逐渐富集,在最晚阶段的黄玉锂云母花岗岩具有最高的Ta、Nb元素含量。因此,雅山花岗岩具有较高的F、Li、P2O5含量是其岩浆演化及其Ta-Nb富集的重要机制。西华山花岗岩中的云母与雅山花岗岩中的锂云母相比,具有明显较低的F、Li、Rb2O含量,表明西华山花岗岩的岩浆演化程度相对低于雅山花岗岩。西华山花岗岩中的钨富集与流体作用密切相关,体系氧逸度的降低促使了钨成矿。因此,岩浆演化程度的不同可能是造成华南稀有金属花岗岩发生不同成矿作用（如Ta-Nb矿和W矿）的重要原因。 相似文献
7.
锂（Li）是一种战略关键金属,岩浆阶段主要在花岗质岩石中得到富集和结晶。由于具有不相容和富挥发性等性质,锂对花岗岩的成岩成矿具有重要的制约。文章利用电子探针、LA-ICP-MS 等分析手段,对湖南香花岭地区癞子岭和尖峰岭花岗岩进行系统岩相学、主微量和矿物学研究,结果表明：（1）花岗质岩浆结晶分异过程中,Li 含量逐渐升高,大幅度降低了熔体粘度,增大了结晶温度区间,花岗质岩浆得到充分结晶分异,导致花岗岩的垂直分带;（2）花岗岩中Li 与稀有金属含量呈正相关关系,Li 与Ta、Nb、Sn 等稀有金属具有协同成矿作用;（3）花岗岩中云母类矿物具有向富Li 演化的趋势,以铁锂云母为主,随着铁锂云母的结晶,Nb、Ta、Sn 等稀有金属相继析出,导致晚期云母中Ta、Nb 等含量降低。熔体中H2O、F 等对花岗质岩浆的性质和结晶分异有较大影响,但不足以致使花岗岩呈垂直分带。 相似文献
8.
藏南定结淡色花岗岩--基底隆升降压熔融成因的地质证据 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
西藏南部定结地区高喜马拉雅结晶基底中淡色花岗岩体紧靠藏南拆离断层内部产出．野外地质和岩相学特征显示其为S型、分两期侵入的淡色花岗岩体——早期的黑云母淡色花岗岩和晚期的白云母淡色花岗岩。基底副变质岩中广泛分布淡色花岗岩脉体．在基底副变质岩中的淡色花岗岩脉体中发现紫苏辉石暗色麻粒岩残留体，这表明本区高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩源岩为基底副变质岩，且基底副变质岩是在基底快速隆升降压的条件下发生缺水熔融生成的淡色花岗岩岩浆。 相似文献
9.
拿日雍措穹窿(错那洞穹窿)位于北喜马拉雅穹窿的东部,穹隆内花岗岩种类较多,有淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石淡色花岗岩、片理化淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石和含绿柱石伟晶岩.这些花岗岩为经历了斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石、富Ti矿物等分离结晶作用而形成的高度演化花岗岩,相对于维氏世界花岗岩平均值,富集Bi、Cs、Li、Sn、Be、Pb、B、W、Ta等稀有金属成矿元素,略贫Nb元素.同时,围岩也相对富集稀有金属元素.全岩地球化学分析表明,引起拿日雍措穹隆淡色花岗岩富集稀有金属成矿元素的因素是分离结晶作用和热液交代作用.高度演化淡色花岗岩在喜马拉雅造山带广泛分布,铌铁矿、钽铁矿、锡石和绿柱石等稀有金属矿物已在多处露头被识别,暗示了喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩是未来稀有金属矿产勘探的重要靶区. 相似文献
10.
藏南洛扎地区淡色花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素、地球化学与岩石成因 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
洛扎岩体位于高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带的东部,锆石U-Pb测年显示其形成年龄为17.7Ma。洛扎岩体的岩性主要为电气石二云母花岗岩和电气石白云母花岗岩,岩石富硅(SiO2为73%~75%)、富钾(K2O为3.9%~4.9%),强过铝(Al2O3为14.5%~15.5%,A/CNK大于1.1),属于高钾钙碱性系列的强过铝淡色花岗岩。岩石具有明显的轻重稀土分异和Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.57),强烈富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素。岩石具有高Rb/Sr(>4)、低CaO/Na2O (0.19~0.26)的特征,指示了其源岩为泥质岩石。(87Sr/86Sr)t和εNd(t)值的变化范围分别为0.725802~0.727276和-13.4~-12.9; 锆石的εHf(t)变化范围为-13.9~-7.5,其较大的变化范围暗示了洛扎淡色花岗岩源区具有不均一性。洛扎岩体可能的构造-岩石成因是,藏南拆离系的启动使深部减压,致使变泥质岩中的白云母发生脱水熔融而形成淡色花岗岩岩浆。岩浆通过STDS所形成的构造薄弱带上侵,沿STDS主拆离断层分布。所以洛扎淡色花岗岩形成于STDS启动所引起的地壳伸展、快速隆起背景下,构造减压所导致的变质岩中白云母的脱水熔融。 相似文献
11.
The South Mountain Batholith (SMB) of southwestern Nova Scotia (Canada) is a Late Devonian (~375 Ma) composite intrusion,
which crops over an area of about 7,300 km2. This peraluminous granitoid body consists of rocks ranging from granodiorite through monzogranite and leucomonzogranite
to leucogranite that locally host greisen tin-base metal mineralization. K-feldspar displays large compositional variations
of trace elements and Pb isotopic ratios, particularly in the highly fractionated rocks. Many variations are consistent with
processes of fractional crystallization, but a distinct enrichment of Rb, Li and Cs accompanied by low K/Rb, Ba/Rb, Eu/Eu*
and K/Cs ratios point to the role of fluids during the late stages of magmatic evolution. The correlation of Pb isotopic ratios
with the enriched elements and their ratios implies that the isotopic variations are an integral part of the evolution of
the SMB. Together with well-defined isochronal relationships of Pb systems in the feldspars, the correlation suggests that
fractional crystallization accompanied in the late stages by fluid fractionation led to the formation of Li–F-rich leucogranites.
Internally derived U-rich fluids fractionated U/Pb ratios, which in turn produced distinct variations of 206Pb/204Pb and 238U/204Pb ratios in K-feldspars. This implies that the Pb isotopic values of K-feldspar, which have traditionally been used for tectonic
reconstructions, might have been modified in many granitic rocks. Thus, only early magmatic K-feldspars, which show no discernible
effects of fluid fractionation yield the initial Pb isotopic compositions of the parental granitic magmas and their sources.
The data also show that the geochemical characteristics of the leucogranites are the results of magmatic evolution rather
than a distinctive source. 相似文献
12.
藏南错那洞穹隆位于喜马拉雅造山带东部,淡色花岗岩是其核部组成部分之一。对其中的弱定向二云母花岗岩和含石榴子石二云母花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,显示其结晶年龄分别为(20.6±0.3) Ma和(16.7±0.2) Ma,属于喜马拉雅中新世淡色花岗岩。错那洞含石榴子石二云母花岗岩和弱定向二云母花岗岩均具有富硅(w(SiO2)为71.6%~74.6%)、富铝(w(Al2O3)为14.5%~16.1%)、富钾(w(K2O)为4%~4.7%)及高铝饱和指数(A/CNK=1.16~1.22)的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列的强过铝质花岗岩,并且两类花岗岩都富集Rb、U、K、Pb,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti。但含石榴子石淡色花岗岩具有明显的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.29~0.46),而弱定向二云母花岗岩Eu的负异常相对较弱(Eu/Eu*=0.58~0.80)。弱定向二云母花岗岩的Rb/Sr值为2.4~3.5,Ba含量为(200~253)×10-6,TiO2含量相对较低,表明错那洞弱定向二云母花岗岩是在无水条件下由变泥质岩中的白云母脱水熔融而形成,并且弱定向二云母花岗岩的产生可能与藏南拆离系(STDS)启动造成的构造减压有关。含石榴子石二云母花岗岩的K/Rb、Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta、Y/Ho值呈现出非球粒陨石异常,稀土四分组效应和异常高的Rb/Sr值(18.6~22.2)表明错那洞含石榴子石二云母花岗岩是经过岩浆高度演化而形成的。高度演化的岩浆有利于W、Sn、Be等稀有金属成矿。错那洞含石榴子石二云母花岗岩与错那洞穹隆的W-Sn-Be矿具有相邻的空间位置,两者之间可能存在一定的成因联系;而错那洞弱定向二云母花岗岩与扎西康Pb-Zn矿床在时间上和空间上都具有一致性,两者之间很可能也存在一定的成因联系。 相似文献
13.
Abstract. The Cornubian Batholith comprises six major and several smaller bodies of S‐type granite in southwestern England. These late‐Variscan granites comprise two‐mica granites, and much less abundant Li‐mica granites that are restricted to one of the major bodies (St Austell) and smaller bodies. Some of these intrusive rocks are associated with major Sn mineralization. This paper is concerned with the geochemistry of the two‐mica granites, which are felsic, strongly peraluminous, and have a high total alkali content and low Na:K. Rocks with very similar compositions to these granites occur elsewhere, including the Variscan granites of continental Europe, and in southeastern Australia. In detail all of the major plutons of this batholith have distinctive compositions, except for Bodmin Moor and Carnmenellis which cannot be discriminated from each other compositionally. A comparison with experimental data shows that the granites attained their major element composition under conditions of crystal‐liquid equilibrium, with the final melt being saturated in H2O, at temperatures close to 770d?C and pressures about 50 MPa. That temperature estimate is in good agreement with values obtained from zircon saturation thermometry. The specific minimum‐temperature composition excludes the possibility of widespread transfer of elements during hydrothermal alteration. Minor elements that are relatively very abundant are Li, B, Cs and U, while F, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sn, Ta, W and Tl are quite abundant and P is high for felsic rocks. Sr, Ba, and the trace transition metals Sc to Zn, are low, but not as low as they commonly are in very felsic granites. These trace element abundances, and the EL2O‐saturation, resulted from the fractional crystallization of a melt derived by the partial melting of feldspathic greywackes in the crust. The Cornubian granites have compositions very similar to the more felsic rocks of the Koetong Suite of southeastern Australia, where a full range of granites formed at the various stages of magmatic fractionation postulated for the Cornubian granites, can be observed. The operation of fractional crystallization in the Cornubian granites is confirmed by the high P abundances in the feldspars, with P contents of the plagioclase crystals correlating with Ab‐con‐tent Most of the granites represent solidified melt compositions but within the Dartmoor pluton there is a significant component of granites that are cumulative, shown by their higher Ca contents. The Cornubian plutons define areas of high heat flow, of a magnitude which requires that fractionated magmas were transported laterally from their sources and concentrated in the exposed plutons. The generation of these granite plutons therefore involved magmatic fractionation during the stages of partial melting, removal of unmelted material from that melt, and fractional crystallization. During the later stages of those processes, movement of those magmas occurred on a crustal scale. 相似文献
14.
湖南仁里稀有金属矿田是中国近年来新发现的一处重要的花岗伟晶岩型铌、钽、锂等稀有金属矿产地,文章针对矿田含锂伟晶岩地球化学特征、成矿时代及其与花岗岩的关系,选取传梓源锂铌钽矿床内规模最大的206号锂辉石伟晶岩脉开展地球化学和白云母Ar-Ar定年工作,并与区内其他伟晶岩、花岗岩的地球化学特征、成岩时代对比分析.传梓源206号锂辉石伟晶岩属高分异稀有金属伟晶岩,形成时代为(135.4±1.4)Ma,岩石地球化学表现为高硅、高铝、低钙、相对富碱、钙碱性及过铝质特征;稀土元素总量很低,以轻稀土元素为主;微量元素富集Cs、Rb、U、Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf,相对亏损Ba、Ti,Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta比值低且集中.幕阜山地区稀有金属成矿可分为2期:第1期稀有金属成矿时代约145 Ma,与燕山早期岩浆活动有关;第2期稀有金属成矿时代135～125 Ma,为主成矿期,该期稀有金属伟晶岩与燕山晚期的二云母二长花岗岩存在成因联系,两者为同源岩浆连续结晶分异过程中不同阶段的产物.稀有金属富集成矿经历了岩浆-热液两阶段作用,Be、Nb、Ta、Li、Rb、Cs等稀有元素的富集多发生于岩浆结晶分异晚期,热液作用使Ta、Li、Rb、Cs再次富集. 相似文献
15.
Most rare-metal granites in South China host major W deposits with few or without Ta–Nb mineralization. However, the Yashan granitic pluton, located in the Yichun area of western Jiangxi province, South China, hosts a major Nb–Ta deposit with minor W mineralization. It is thus important for understanding the diversity of W and Nb–Ta mineralization associated with rare-metal granites. The Yashan pluton consists of multi-stage intrusive units, including the protolithionite (-muscovite) granite, Li-mica granite and topaz–lepidolite granite from the early to late stages. Bulk-rock REE contents and La/Yb ratios decrease from protolithionite granite to Li-mica granite to topaz–lepidolite granite, suggesting the dominant plagioclase fractionation. This variation, together with increasing Li, Rb, Cs and Ta but decreasing Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios, is consistent with the magmatic evolution. In the Yashan pluton, micas are protolithionite, muscovite, Li-mica and lepidolite, and zircons show wide concentration ranges of ZrO2, HfO2, UO2, ThO2, Y2O3 and P2O5. Compositional variations of minerals, such as increasing F, Rb and Li in mica and increasing Hf, U and P in zircon are also in concert with the magmatic evolution from protolithionite granite to Li-mica granite to topaz–lepidolite granite. The most evolved topaz–lepidolite granite has the highest bulk-rock Li, Rb, Cs, F and P contents, consistent with the highest contents of these elements and the lowest Nb/Ta ratio in mica and the lowest Zr/Hf ratio in zircon. Ta–Nb enrichment was closely related to the enrichment of volatile elements (i.e. Li, F and P) in the melt during magmatic evolution, which raised the proportion of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) in the melt. The rims of zoned micas in the Li-mica and topaz–lepidolite granites contain lower Rb, Cs, Nb and Ta and much lower F and W than the cores and/or mantles, indicating an exotic aqueous fluid during hydrothermal evolution. Some columbite-group minerals may have formed from exotic aqueous fluids which were originally depleted in F, Rb, Cs, Nb, Ta and W, but such fluids were not responsible for Ta–Nb enrichment in the Yashan granite. The interaction of hydrothermal fluids with previously existing micas may have played an important role in leaching, concentrating and transporting W, Fe and Ti. Ta–Nb enrichment was associated with highly evolved magmas, but W mineralization is closely related to hydrothermal fluid. Thus these magmatic and hydrothermal processes explain the diversity of W and Ta–Nb mineralizations in the rare-metal granites. 相似文献
16.
The Archean granites exposed in the Mesorchean Rio Maria granite-greenstone terrane (RMGGT), southeastern Amazonian craton can be divided into three groups on the basis of petrographic and geochemical data. (1) Potassic leucogranites (Xinguara and Mata Surrão granites), composed dominantly of biotite monzogranites that have high SiO2, K2O, and Rb contents and show fractionated REE patterns with moderate to pronounced negative Eu anomalies. These granites share many features with the low-Ca granite group of the Yilgarn craton and CA2-type of Archean calc-alkaline granites. These granites result from the partial melting of rocks similar to the older TTG of the RMGGT. (2) Leucogranodiorite-granite group (Guarantã suite, Grotão granodiorite, and similar rocks), which is composed of Ba- and Sr-rich rocks which display fractionated REE patterns without significant Eu anomalies and show geochemical affinity with the high-Ca granite group or Transitional TTG of the Yilgarn craton and the CA1-type of Archean calc-alkaline granites. These rocks appear to have been originated from mixing between a Ba- and Sr-enriched granite magma and trondhjemitic liquids or alternatively product of interaction between fluids enriched in K, Sr, and Ba, derived from a metasomatized mantle with older TTG rocks. (3) Amphibole-biotite monzogranites (Rancho de Deus granite) associated with sanukitoid suites. These granites were probably generated by fractional crystallization and differentiation of sanukitoid magmas enriched in Ba and Sr.The emplacement of the granites of the RMGGT occurred during the Mesoarchean (2.87–2.86 Ga). They are approximately coeval with the sanukitoid suites (∼2.87 Ga) and post-dated the main timing of TTG suites formation (2.98–2.92 Ga). The crust of Rio Maria was probably still quite warm at the time when the granite magmas were produced. In these conditions, the underplating in the lower crust of large volumes of sanukitoid magmas may have also contributed with heat inducing the partial melting of crustal protoliths and opening the possibility of complex interactions between different kinds of magmas. 相似文献
17.
The dike belt and separate intrusive bodies of the Abdar–Khoshutula series were formed in the NE-trending linear zone, southwest of the Daurian–Khentei batholith, in the peripheral part of the Early Mesozoic magmatic area, on the western termination of the Mongol–Okhotsk belt. The granitoids of this series are subdivided into following geochemical types: anatectic granitoids of the calc-alkaline and subalkaline series, alkaline rocks, and plumasite rare-metal leucogranites (Li–F granites). The entire series was formed within approximately 12–15 Ma. Its geochemical evolution follows two trends, which correspond to two stages of the granitoid magmatism. The early stage was responsible for the formation of granitoids of two phases of the Khoshutulinsky Pluton and alkaline syenites with similar trace element distribution patterns. However, syenites, as agpaitic rocks, are significantly enriched in Ba, Zr, and Hf. The late stage of the intrusive- dike series resulted in the formation of the dike belt and Abdar Massif of rare-metal granites. These rocks show enrichment in Li, Rb, Cs, Nb, Ta, Sn, and Y, and deep negative anomalies of Ba, Sr, La, and Ce, which are best expressed in the late amazonite–albite granites of the Abdar intrusion and ongonites of the dike belt. The intrusive-dike series in the magmatic areas of different age of Mongolia and Baikal region are characterized by the wide compositional variations, serve as important indicators of mantle-crustal interaction and differentiation of granitoid magmas, and could highlight the nature of zonal areas within the Central Asian Fold Belt. Obtained geochemical data indicate a potential opportunity to concentrate trace and ore components during long-term evolution of the intrusive-subvolcanic complexes, which could be indicators of the evolution of the ore-magmatic systems bearing rare-metal mineralization. 相似文献
18.
喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩结晶分异机制概述 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
近年来，喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的高分异成因得到了学术界的高度关注。另外，有调研工作发现，喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩具有良好的稀有金属成矿潜力，是未来矿产勘探的重点靶区。稀有金属元素的富集过程应与岩浆的结晶分异作用密切相关。但是，目前我们对喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的岩浆分异演化过程缺乏深入的了解，因而也难以对其成矿效应进行有效评估。针对该问题，本文选择喜马拉雅带中两个颇具代表性的、明显发生稀有金属矿化现象的岩体（特提斯喜马拉雅带中的然巴淡色花岗岩和高喜马拉雅带中的告乌淡色花岗岩）开展系统野外地质、岩相学、矿物学、岩石学和地球化学调查研究，就喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的结晶分异机制进行初步探讨。综合近年来有关花岗岩结晶分异作用的研究进展，我们认为喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的结晶分异过程可以划分为原地结晶分异和岩浆侵位运移过程中流动分异两种主要机制，大部分的喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩应是两种机制共同作用的产物。 相似文献
19.
阿巴拉契亚造山带加拿大纽芬兰岛东南部发育一晚泥盆纪阿克利巨型花岗岩基(～2500 km2).该岩基侵位于甘德和阿瓦隆地块的多佛-赫米蒂奇湾巨型断层带之间,内部发育钨-锡-钼矿床及相关的矿化.本文锆石年代学研究显示,岩基中Tolt单元侵位于378±2 Ma,各单元年龄基本一致,为同期岩浆多次侵位的产物.岩基中主要岩石类型... 相似文献