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1.
平谷盆地第四系含水层厚度大．分布较广、蓄水条件好,形成容积巨大的天然地下水库。充分利用其地下水库容积调蓄年际、年内丰枯不均降水量,对保证北京城市稳定供水具有重要的现实意义。本文在综合分析盆地水文地质资料基础上,建立了地下水库数值模拟模型,并对地下水调蓄能力进行了模拟。结果表明,在王都庄和中桥可以建立地下水源地．两个水源地具有开采量20×104m3／d的开采潜力。在两个水源地应急开采3年后,盆地地下水位平均下降12-14m,水源地停止开采后,在其它开采条件不变的情况下,经过1个丰水年加3个平水年其地下水位基本恢复到初始状态。 相似文献
2.
地下水数值模拟是地下水资源评价的重要方法之一。应用GMS软件建立靖安水源地的地下水流数值模型,利用该模型对设计的不同开采方案进行模拟,预测降水保证率95%条件下各方案开采20年后的地下水流场变化及水位变化情况。结果表明,当水源地总开采量为10万m3/d时,地下水流场能够达到稳定状态,中心水位降深较小,不会对生态环境造成明显影响。 相似文献
3.
大兴迭隆起隐伏岩溶水资源评价及开采方案预测 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
大兴迭隆起地区隐伏岩溶地下水是北京市的重要水源,为保障水源地能持续为大兴、通州地区提供优质的城镇生活用水,需对研究区岩溶地下水进行水资源评价和开采规划预测分析。利用数值模拟法,应用GMS模拟软件对研究区岩溶水系统进行地下水流数值模拟及水位变化预测。建立的岩溶水系统模型分为5层,模拟验证期为12年9个月。由模型评价的岩溶水系统补给资源量为14 425.74×10^4m3/a,可开采资源量为14 310.52×10^4m3/a,其中岩溶含水层可开采量为2 309.36×10^4m3/a。在模型识别验证后,分4种开采方案对水源地进行开采预测,通过对典型观测孔水位过程线拟合和研究区水均衡分析可知,按2020年之前维持现状开采,2020年后停采念坛水源地,2025年后全区按可开采量进行开采的开采方案最为合理,可分批逐次实现水源地的采补平衡。 相似文献
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根据双城市水文地质条件建立了概念模型,应用GMS软件建立了研究区地质结构模型及地下水数值模拟模型。考虑自然条件以及开采量的影响,设计6种方案对研究区地下水流进行预报,结果显示以设计开采量对水源地进行开采,水源地投产10年后最大中心水位降深不会超过最大允许降深。 相似文献
5.
本文应用二维流地下水数值模型计算方法对某水源地地下水水位进行开采预测,介绍地下水数值模型的建立和评价过程,从而为拟建水源地正确确定开采方案提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
《水文地质工程地质》2015,(5)
桃山水库是七台河市三区一县城区的唯一供水水源,近年来降水量普遍偏小,桃山水库蓄水水位、蓄水量持续下降。为保证城市居民生活生产用水安全,在桃山水库上游倭肯河河谷发现一处地下水类型为白垩系砂岩裂隙水的大型水源地。为确保该水源地满足可持续开发利用和极端干旱年份的应急供水需求,本文建立了地下水流数值模拟模型,进行地下水系统的整体模拟。根据模拟结果,从该地区地下水的长期可持续利用要求出发,该区日开采量以不超过5.2×104m3为宜。在该开采条件下,地下水位的下降深度较小,对水库周边环境不会造成不良影响;从应急开采的角度考虑,由于桃山水库的存在,地下水与地表水水力联系密切,具有较强的应急能力,在极端干旱年份应急开采维持1年的合理开采量为18.2×104m3/d。根据建立的地下水流数值模拟模型:不仅提供合理的地下水可开采资源量,而且对地下水位的变化情况进行预测预报,实现地下水资源合理开发利用与生态环境的可持续发展。建立七台河市特大应急水源地地下水流数值模型,对进行地下水资源及其环境问题综合评价,十分必要和迫切,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。 相似文献
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傍河水源地是郑州市重要的地下水供水水源.在出现极端干旱或极端事故(如水质污染)的条件下,傍河水源地将启动应急开采满足城市供水的需要.通过建立郑州市350m深度内松散岩类孔隙水地下水数值模拟模型,对黄河水位下降情况下的地下水应急开采方案进行了预测,分析了应急开采对黄河侧向补给的影响及傍河水源地地下水位的演变趋势.结果表明,应急开采方案下激发了黄河的侧向补给,一年的预测期末傍河水源地没有出现地下水位持续下降、降落漏斗进一步扩大的问题. 相似文献
11.
Groundwater is the main source of water supply for Beijing. Through analysis of the water resources in Beijing from 1980s up to now, this paper finds the major problems in the exploitation and utilization of groundwater in Beijing lie in the over-exploitation and pollution in groundwater, which are primarily caused by the rapid growth of population, enduring imbalance between exploitation and replenishing of groundwater and the contamination of groundwater. Thus based on this, this paper puts forward proposals and opinions to exploit groundwater in a scientific and moderate way, and to comprehensively protect the ground?water resources and environment in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
The only source of drinking water in Vilnius City, Lithuania's capital, is groundwater. It can be supplied from 20 wellfields situated in the City or its environs. About half of them (11) are located in the valley of the Neris River crossing the City. The exploited aquifers were formed by melting continental glaciers and modified by the river. Until 1990 groundwater resources had not been conserved—the per capita consumption for domestic use in Vilnius reached 350 l/day. After 1990, due to the increasing cost of supplying drinking water, its consumption was reduced by a factor of three. As pumping rates of wellfields in Vilnius were increased or decreased, the groundwater quality was changed significantly. It is mainly affected by the surface water and shallow aquifers of the hydrologic system. The unoxidised organic matter that enters the exploitable aquifers from rivers and polluted shallow groundwater consumes scarce oxygen resources, thus creating anoxic conditions favourable for increasing the accumulation of iron, manganese and ammonium. Modelling and monitoring data show that the concentrations of sulphates and chlorides in Vilnius wellfields indicate not only the rise of brackish water from below, but also downward seepage of polluted surface water into the aquifers. 相似文献
13.
万家寨水库对库区岩溶地下水的补给作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
万家寨水库的修建,增加了黄河水对岩溶地下水的补给,改善了库区右岸的水文地质条件,从而可以增加黑岱沟和陈家沟门水源地的开采量,缓解当地的水资源危机。 相似文献
14.
Han Zaisheng 《Hydrogeology Journal》1998,6(3):416-420
Groundwater plays an important role for urban and industrial water supply in northern China. More than 1000 groundwater wellfields
have been explored and installed. Groundwater provides about half the total quantity of the urban water supply. Complete regulations
and methods for the exploration of groundwater have been established in the P.R. China. Substantial over-exploitation of groundwater
has created environmental problems in some cities. Some safeguarding measures for groundwater-resource protection have been
undertaken.
Received, August 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998 相似文献
15.
Water resources in Taiwan are unevenly distributed in spatial and temporal domains. Effectively utilizing the water resources
is an imperative task due to climate change. At present, groundwater contributes 34% of the total annual water supply and
is an important fresh water resource. However, over-exploitation has decreased groundwater availability and has led to land
subsidence. Assessing the potential zone of groundwater recharge is extremely important for the protection of water quality
and the management of groundwater systems. The Chih-Pen Creek basin in eastern Taiwan is examined in this study to assess
its groundwater resources potential. Remote sensing and the geographical information system (GIS) are used to integrate five
contributing factors: lithology, land cover/land use, lineaments, drainage, and slope. The weights of factors contributing
to the groundwater recharge are derived using aerial photos, geology maps, a land use database, and field verification. The
resultant map of the groundwater potential zone demonstrates that the highest recharge potential area is located towards the
downstream regions in the basin because of the high infiltration rates caused by gravelly sand and agricultural land use in
these regions. In contrast, the least effective recharge potential area is in upstream regions due to the low infiltration
of limestone. 相似文献
16.
潮白河冲洪积扇中上游地区作为北京市最主要地表水和地下水供给区,在城市供水中的作用举足轻重。由于多年连续超采,地下水位持续下降,1999-2013年地下水位下降最大达45 m;应急水源地地区地下水硬度年均上升2.6%,密云十里堡地区地下水硬度和硝酸盐氮超标。通过分析潮白河冲洪积扇区域地下水开发利用、地下水位和水质变化情况以及地下水位变化对地下水水质的影响,认为：超量开采导致的地下水水位下降是引起该区域地下水水质恶化的主要原因之一,控制地下水超量开采和地表水污染,并利用南水北调的水进京之机回灌和停采以涵养地下水,是恢复区域水资源和水环境的良好途径。 相似文献
17.
华北平原深层地下水超采程度计算与分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
华北平原深层地下水的超采已引起了一系列的环境地质问题。为了从区域上认识深层地下水的超采情况以及由此引发的环境地质问题,分别以地下水开采潜力系数(深层地下水可利用量/现状开采量)、地面沉降量、多年平均水位下降速率为指标对地下水超采情况进行了计算和分析。结果表明,不同方法的计算结果具有一定的一致性。从区域上来看,深层地下水总体上处于超采状态,已无开采潜力。地下水开采程度指标采用以2003年为现状年的开采量,因此更多反映的是开采程度现状。利用地面沉降和多年平均水位下降速率计算的超采结果更多地反映了深层地下水开采历史所产生的环境地质问题。 相似文献
18.
M. S. Rao Gopal Krishan C. P. Kumar P. Purushothaman Sudhir Kumar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(4):175
The continuous and large-scale abstraction of groundwater has created a groundwater depletion problem in several parts of the Punjab state including Bist Doab, the interfluve region of Beas and Satluj rivers. In the present study, a few important parameters, viz. water level, stable isotope, EC, temperature, groundwater age, that can be used to fingerprint the over-exploitation of groundwater have been examined. It has been observed that with the increase in over-exploitation, the yield of shallow aquifer is progressively getting reduced and as a result forcing the farmers to sink their wells to deeper depths. With abstraction of deeper aquifer, the storage of old groundwater at the deeper aquifer is declining and getting replaced by induced accelerated inflow of young water from the recharge zone and the overlying shallow aquifer. The signatures of the modern water have been observed in the data analyzed for isotopic, hydro-chemical facies, electrical conductivity and temperature of water from deeper aquifer. The study has identified the usefulness of these parameters for identifying groundwater over-exploitation in the region. Depleting water resource may stagnate the economic progress of the region. The paper provides suitable water resource management strategies to be adopted to improve the sustainability of water resources and economic growth in the region. 相似文献
19.
Rashid Umar M. Muqtada A. Khan Izrar Ahmed Shakeel Ahmed 《Journal of Earth System Science》2008,117(1):69-78
The Kali-Hindon inter-stream region extends over an area of 395 km2 within the Ganga-Yamuna interfluve. It is a fertile tract for sugarcane cultivation. Groundwater is a primary resource for
irrigation and industrial purposes. In recent years, over-exploitation has resulted in an adverse impact on the groundwater
regime. In this study, an attempt has been made to calculate a water balance for the Kali-Hindon inter-stream region. Various
inflows and outflows to and from the aquifer have been calculated. The recharge due to rainfall and other recharge parameters
such as horizontal inflow, irrigation return flow and canal seepage were also evaluated. Groundwater withdrawals, evaporation
from the water table, discharge from the aquifer to rivers and horizontal subsurface outflows were also estimated. The results
show that total recharge into the system is 148.72 million cubic metres (Mcum), whereas the total discharge is 161.06 Mcum,
leaving a deficit balance of −12.34 Mcum. Similarly, the groundwater balance was evaluated for the successive four years.
The result shows that the groundwater balance is highly sensitive to variation in rainfall followed by draft through pumpage.
The depths to water level are shallow in the canal-irrigated northern part of the basin and deeper in the southern part. The
pre-monsoon and post-monsoon water levels range from 4.6 to 17.7 m below ground level (bgl) and from 3.5 to 16.5 m bgl respectively.
It is concluded that the groundwater may be pumped in the canal-irrigated northern part, while withdrawals may be restricted
to the southern portion of the basin, where intense abstraction has led to rapidly falling water table levels. 相似文献
20.
区域地下水位监测网优化设计方法 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
区域地下水位监测提供了定量评价含水层地下水位持续下降及其对环境影响必不可少的信息。历史上的地下水位监测网是为了评价地下水资源或监测水源地降落漏斗而设立的,目前它们已经不能适应为流域水资源综合管理提供必需的信息。本文在综述国际地下水位监测现状的基础上,介绍了区域地下水位监测网优化设计的方法。采用地理信息系统编制的地下水动态类型图为地下水位监测井位置的选择提供了坚实的水文地质基础;克里金插值法能定量评价监测网观测值绘制的地下水位等高线的精度,因而可以用来定量设计地下水位监测网;时间序列分析和统计检验提供了优化地下水位监测频率的定量标准。这些方法已被应用于北京平原、乌鲁木齐河流域和济南岩溶泉域,其成果将在本刊分期发表。 相似文献