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1.
基于微生物诱导矿化技术,分别以钙源、营养液浓度及颗粒粒径为变量开展了钙质砂微生物注浆试验。通过无侧限抗压强度测试结合扫描电镜测试综合研究了固化试样碳酸钙产率、无侧限抗压强度与各因素间关系,探究了不同因素对固化效果的影响及固化机理。结果表明:钙源是影响钙质砂固化效果的关键,氯化钙作为钙源时的固化效果优于乙酸钙;低浓度营养液较高浓度营养液更有利于钙质砂胶结成型,高浓度营养液易造成大量碳酸钙晶体阻塞管口部位并影响脲酶活性;小粒径钙质砂微生物固化效果较好,微生物诱导生成的碳酸钙晶体更易将小粒径钙质砂粒间孔隙充填。 相似文献
2.
基于微生物或脲酶诱导碳酸钙沉淀（MICP/EICP）的土体固化技术是近年来岩土和地质工程领域的研究热点之一。在系统回顾基于生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀的土体固化技术发展历程的基础上,重点阐述了MICP/EICP固化机制、土体孔隙结构、菌液和脲酶性质、胶凝液性质和固化方式等方面对碳酸钙特性影响的研究进展。研究结果表明：土体孔隙越小,越不利于微生物或脲酶入渗,固化均匀性越差;土颗粒接触点越多,可为碳酸钙提供的沉积点位越多,碳酸钙与土颗粒间的黏结和桥接作用越强,固化效果越好;一定菌液或脲酶浓度或脲酶活性范围内,碳酸钙的生成速率和生成总量随浓度及活性的增大而增大,但过高的浓度或活性易导致碳酸钙生成速率过快,从而在土体注入端发生堵塞;低浓度胶凝液得到的碳酸钙晶体更小,在土体中的分布更均匀;采用合适的注浆饱和度可提高具有黏结作用的碳酸钙的占比;采用多层交替注入或单相低pH值注入可提高碳酸钙在试样中分布的均匀性。基于碳酸钙沉淀特性的影响因素,提高固化土体的均匀性,验证其耐久性,室内试验结果在现场尺度的适应性和改进方案应该成为以后研究的重点。 相似文献
3.
通过酶诱导生成碳酸钙沉淀来改良土壤的技术被称为EICP,由于其应用广泛,在过去十多年来引起了越来越多的关注。文章从EICP的机理出发,总结植物脲酶和细菌脲酶的提取方法,探究脲酶、钙源、尿素、脱脂奶粉、温度和pH等因素对EICP胶结效果的影响,归纳检测EICP加固试样的强度、碳酸钙含量、微观结构和成分的方法,并对EICP在岩土工程的应用进行总结与评述。目的是展示目前国内外关于EICP的研究现状,展望未来的研究方向及需要克服的问题。 相似文献
4.
微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）作用是一种新型的土体改良技术。钙源作为MICP反应中重要的反应物,对微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积的效果有重要的影响。目前应用最广泛的钙源——氯化钙（CaCl2）,具有成本高,环境污染性大的缺点。为此,文章提出利用石灰石粉提取钙源,通过在石灰石粉中加入乙酸溶液,释放钙离子用于微生物固化土体。通过开展无侧限抗压强度试验以及微观结构的扫描电镜观测、碳酸钙含量测定等分析,验证利用石灰石粉提取的钙源用于微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积作用固化土体的可行性,同时与醋酸钙和氯化钙固化砂柱进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：（1）石灰石粉用于微生物固化土体具有可行性,固化后砂柱的强度和碳酸钙含量较高,结构完整性高;（2）不同钙源固化砂柱的力学特性不同但均呈典型的脆性破坏模式,其中醋酸钙固化砂柱的无侧限抗压强度略高于石灰石钙源固化砂柱,氯化钙固化砂柱的无侧限抗压强度则远低于前两者且表面更加粗糙,孔隙更多,破坏后的完整性更低;（3）不同钙源固化砂柱的碳酸钙含量不同。醋酸钙和石灰石钙源固化砂柱的碳酸钙含量相近,而氯化钙固化砂柱中碳酸钙含量较低。不同钙源固化砂柱的碳酸钙含量和无侧限抗压强度基本呈正相关关系;（4）醋酸钙和石灰石钙源固化砂柱中砂土颗粒的表面和接触点间均沉积大量碳酸钙,碳酸钙晶体主要为薄片状堆叠的方解石。氯化钙固化砂柱中碳酸钙沉积量低于前两者,碳酸钙晶体主要为六面体状的方解石;（5）不同钙源主要通过影响微生物成矿过程的晶型、晶貌、晶体含量、晶体分布及胶结特征来改变固化效果。 相似文献
5.
诱导碳酸钙沉积的土体固化是近年来岩土工程领域新兴起的新型环保地基处理技术, 该技术利用产脲酶菌的微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation,即MICP技术）或基于脲酶的酶诱导碳酸钙沉积（Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation,即EICP技术）,将松散的土体颗粒胶结成为整体,达到提高土体抗剪强度的目的。与MICP技术相比,EICP技术不存在生物安全风险,无需考虑是否有氧,且可适用于更小粒径土体的处理,因此具备广阔的实际工程应用前景。文章从脲酶类型与来源、EICP固化土体处理方法及EICP固化土体强度增长等方面,对近20年基于脲酶诱导碳酸钙沉积固化土体的研究进行了回顾与总结。 相似文献
6.
低温条件下微生物诱导沉淀产率低,制约着微生物诱导固化(MICP)技术的实际工程应用。通过控制不同温度和pH值,对比分析巴氏芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌的生长繁殖特征和脲酶活性,同时在胶凝液中添加营养物质和控制尿素浓度和钙离子浓度,研究提高沉淀产率的方法,利用XRD测试分析沉淀晶型。进行渗透性试验和无侧限抗压强度试验,对比分析了不同菌种的砂土固化效果,结果表明,低温条件下巨大芽孢杆菌生长繁殖比巴氏芽孢杆菌快,脲酶活性更高,且巨大芽孢杆菌最适宜p H=8,更适合于碱性环境;可以通过在胶凝液中添加营养物质,控制尿素浓度为1.5 M和醋酸钙浓度为0.5 M增加碳酸钙沉淀产率;低温条件下巨大芽孢杆菌沉淀产率总高于巴氏芽孢杆菌,沉淀晶型为更稳定的方解石;采用巨大芽孢杆菌固化的试样渗透性可降低3～4个数量级,而巴氏芽孢杆菌固化的砂柱渗透性只降低2～3个数量级,其中颗粒粒径越小,渗透性降低越明显,且同等条件下巨大芽孢杆菌固化的砂柱试样强度也大于巴氏芽孢杆菌固化试样。因此,低温条件下巨大芽孢杆菌更适合进行实际工程应用。 相似文献
7.
海洋钙质沉积物存在天然胶结作用,胶结程度对其力学性质具有重要影响。因天然钙质沉积物的胶结结构具有极大的不均匀性及胶结强度低等特点,使得获取原状试样难度大,加之距大陆遥远,取样成本高,从而限制了对其物理力学特性的研究进程。因此实验室快速制备胶结试样成为有效的解决办法,分别采用物理、化学及生物主导的试验方法开展胶结试样的制备研究,发现微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀（microbially induced carbonate precipitation,简称MICP）和脲酶诱导碳酸钙沉淀（enzyme induced carbonate precipitation,简称EICP）可以促进碳酸钙晶体产生,从而生成类似天然胶结的人工胶结试样。通过扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscopy,简称SEM）、X射线计算机断层扫描（computed tomography scanned by X-ray,简称X-CT）和无侧限抗压试验,发现生物主导法得到的人工胶结物的矿物成分和晶体形貌均与天然胶结钙质沉积物相同,胶结试样峰值无侧限抗压强度能够达到天然弱胶结钙质沉积物的水平,通过X-C... 相似文献
8.
微生物固化技术是近年来岩土工程领域兴起的一种新型环保地基处理技术,该技术通过向待固化土体内注入细菌,利用细菌水解尿素,并在引入钙源的条件下,诱导产生碳酸钙晶体以胶结松散土颗粒。在微生物固化过程中,碳酸钙晶体分布的均匀性是目前该技术研究的热点之一。文中尝试通过在纯菌液中引入0.05 mol/L氯化钙溶液(称为混合菌液)对细菌分布进行人为干预,并基于动三轴试验及扫描电镜测试,对比分析了纯/混菌液、混合菌液及传统纯菌液等注射方式对微生物固化砂土动力特性的影响。试验结果表明:纯/混菌液注射方式能有效提高微生物固化砂土中碳酸钙晶体分布的均匀性,从而获得碳酸钙含量较高、动弹性模量较大及耗能能力较强的微生物固化砂土。 相似文献
9.
微生物固化(microbial-induced calcite precipitation, 简称为MICP)技术是岩土工程领域新兴起的一种地基处理技术,利用微生物诱导产生的碳酸钙晶体胶结松散土颗粒,改善土体的力学特性。选用巴氏芽孢杆菌作为固化细菌,采用单一浓度（0.5、1.0 mol）和多浓度相结合（前期采用0.5 mol,后期采用1.0 mol）的化学处理方式注射胶结液（尿素/氯化钙混合液）,研究化学处理方式对微生物固化砂土强度的影响。基于试验测试分析了固化砂土试样的强度、破坏模式以及碳酸钙含量。试验结果表明,化学处理方式对固化砂土试样的强度有显著影响,对破坏模式和碳酸钙含量无明显影响;多浓度相结合的化学处理方式能够以较少的灌浆次数获取较高强度的试样。最后,对化学处理方式对强度影响的机制进行深入分析。 相似文献
10.
从南方湿热区自然环境中分离得到一株产脲酶矿化菌,并将其高产突变株应用到海砂室内MICP灌浆试验,结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、拉曼（Raman）对固化后的产物进行细观形貌观测。通过分析碳酸钙的形貌、尺寸、空间分布、结晶状态等基本特征现象,初步探究南方湿热区产脲酶菌在碳酸钙结晶生长方面的调控作用及其固化土体的作用效果。结果表明：南方湿热区产脲酶菌固化土体具有可行性,但碳酸钙晶体形貌并不均一,晶体晶化过程、生物调控作用及土体结构均会对碳酸钙的生成情况造成影响;碳酸钙从无序到有序、分散到聚集、不稳定到稳定,最终生长聚集为完整的结构,在生长空间充足的环境下,碳酸钙更倾向于形成聚集体。研究结论可为进一步研究不同产脲酶菌诱导碳酸钙沉淀的作用过程与调控机制提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
11.
Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is an emerging soil improvement method using free urease enzyme for urea hydrolysis. This method has advantages over the commonly used microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) process as it does not involve issues related to bio-safety. However, in terms of efficiency of calcium carbonate production, EICP is considered lower than that of MICP. In this paper, a high efficiency EICP method is proposed. The key of this new method is to adopt a one-phase injection of low pH solution strategy. In this so-called one-phase-low-pH method, EICP solution consisting of a mixture of urease solution of pH?=?6.5, urea and calcium chloride is injected into soil. The test results have shown that the one-phase-low-pH method can improve significantly the calcium conversion efficiency and the uniformity of calcium carbonate distribution in the sand samples as compared with the conventional two-phase EICP method. Furthermore, the unconfined compressive strength of sand treated using the one-phase-low-pH method is much higher than that using the two-phase method and the one-phase-low-pH method is also simpler and more efficient as it involves less number of injections. 相似文献
12.
Bioclogging and biocementation can be used to improve the geotechnical properties of sand. These processes can be performed by adsorption of urease-producing bacterial cells on the sand grain surfaces, which is followed by crystallization of calcite produced from the calcium salt and urea solution due to bacterial hydrolysis of urea. In this paper, the effect of intact cell suspension of Bacillus sp. strain VS1, suspension of the washed bacterial cells, and culture liquid without bacterial cells on microbially induced calcite precipitation in sand was studied. The test results showed that adsorption/retention of urease activity on sand treated with washed cells of Bacillus sp. strain VS1 was 5–8 times higher than that treated with culture liquid. The unconfined compressive strength of sand treated with the suspension of washed cells was 1.7 times higher than that treated with culture liquid. This difference could be due to fast inactivation of urease by protease which was present in the culture liquid. The adsorption of bacterial cells on sand pretreated with calcium, aluminum, or ferric salts was 29–37 % higher as compared with that without pretreatment. The permeability of sand varied with the content of precipitated calcium. For bioclogging of sand, the content of precipitated calcium had to be 1.3 % (w/w) or higher. The shear strength of biotreated sand was also dependent on the content of precipitated calcium. To achieve an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 MPa or higher, the content of precipitated calcium in the treated sand had to be 4.2 % (w/w) or higher. These data can be used as the reference values for geotechnical applications such as bioclogging for reducing the permeability of sand and biocementation for increasing the shear strength of soil. 相似文献
13.
采用2次注入菌液方式,制备不同浓度营养盐处理的微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀（MICP）胶结砂样。通过固结排水三轴试验和碳酸钙定量化学试验测定试样强度参数及碳酸钙（CaCO3）含量,分析了营养盐浓度对胶结砂物理力学特性的影响及碳酸钙沉淀量试样强度指标间的关系。结果表明,同等反应时间、同等体积营养盐溶液条件下,随着营养盐浓度的提高试样强度逐渐升高,且达到一定峰值后再下降;碳酸钙晶体分布形态较好条件下,变形模量随着试样干密度的增加而增加;碳酸钙晶体分布形态和沉淀含量共同影响MICP试样强度的提高,试验中0.5 M试样强度提高效果最好,碳酸钙含量、黏聚力、内摩擦角分别为6.03%、46.9 kPa和41.31°。 相似文献
14.
This paper focuses on using urea hydrolysis as a bio-grouting process to increase the strength of crushed aggregates commonly used in stone columns. Various reagent phases (2, 4, 6 and 12 phases) consisted of alternately percolating solutions containing bacterial suspension and cementation solution through the soil column. In addition, a multi-soil lift strategy with options of up to four soil lifts was undertaken to test the applicability of bio-grout to cement crushed aggregate columns. While the average amount of calcium carbonate precipitation was roughly unchanged in both techniques, the distribution within the crushed aggregate columns was heterogeneous. However, the distribution of the precipitated calcium carbonate is almost uniform in crushed aggregates treated by a two-soil lift strategy and a four-phase treatment strategy. It is also deducted that both techniques can be combined to gain a uniform calcium carbonate and strength along a long sand/stone column. Furthermore, a one-soil lift resulted in higher strength than using multi-soil lifts, and a maximum strength of approximately 2.3 MPa was achieved using 4-reagent phase treatment strategy. Scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive spectroscopy analysis validate that calcium carbonate was deposited as white crystals on the surface of the crushed aggregate particles. 相似文献
15.
Kitchen waste and wind erosion are two worldwide environmental concerns. This study investigated the feasibility of using kitchen waste for Sporosarcina pasteurii cultivation and its application in wind erosion control of desert soil via microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). Enzymatic hydrolysis was adopted to improve the release and recovery of protein in kitchen waste for subsequent microorganism production. After conditions optimized, the maximum biomass concentration (OD600) and urease activity of Sporosarcina pasteurii in the kitchen waste-based medium reached 4.19, and 14.32 mM urea min?1, respectively, which were comparable to those obtained in conventional standard media. The harvested Sporosarcina pasteurii was then used to catalyze the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the desert soil, and its performance in wind erosion control was evaluated through wind tunnel tests. The microbially mediated calcium carbonate could significantly decrease wind erosion loss of the desert soil even after 12 wet–dry or freeze–thaw cycles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed the bridge effect of calcium carbonate crystals in the soil matrix. The kitchen waste, as a cost-effective alternative nutrient for bacterial cultivation and carbonate precipitation, showed great potential for large-scale applications in wind erosion control of desert soils. 相似文献
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