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1.
新疆罗布泊地区罗北洼地CK2钻孔的孢粉记录揭示出： 32.0～9.1kaB.P. 植被演替明显,气候干湿波动显著; 晚冰期向全新世过渡期间,气候波动频繁且具突变性。31.98～19.26kaB.P.罗布泊地区处于末次冰期的盛冰期阶段,气候寒冷湿润,冷暖波动频繁,但幅度不大,研究区植被以草原－荒漠草原为主; 19.26～13.67kaB.P. 气候明显变为温暖干燥,植被以荒漠为主; 13.67～12.73kaB.P.气候冷湿偏干,植被以草原－荒漠草原为主; 12.73～9.14kaB.P.气候冷湿与暖干交替频繁,波动幅度较大,植被逐渐由荒漠向草原－荒漠草原过渡。其中, 16.45～15.39kaB.P.,14.27～13.67kaB.P.和 11.74～11.23kaB.P.之间的冷颤动分别相应于老仙女木、中仙女木和新仙女木事件; 15.39～14.27kaB.P.和 12.73～11.74kaB.P.之间的暖期则分别对应于欧洲博令和阿勒罗得暖期; 新仙女木事件后的气候具有突变性的特点,10.49kaB.P.前后的暖事件和9.14kaB.P.前后的冷事件,成为全新世早期气候变化的显著特征。孢粉浓度和花粉组合所反映的罗布泊地区晚冰期以来的气候演化同全球性的气候事件具有显著的可比性。 相似文献
2.
西藏佩枯错盆地晚更新世以来河湖相沉积剖面的孢粉分析显示,该地区在晚更新世早期的127—72kaB.P.时期,气候温和湿润,植被以针阔叶混交林为主;至66—56kaB.P.时期,气候转变为温凉略干,植被转为疏林草原;在56—49kaB.P.时期,气候温凉潮湿,植被又转为针阔叶混交林为主的森林草原;而在49—46kaB.P.时期,气候温和偏干,植被转为疏林草原;在46—31kaB.P.时期,气候寒凉湿润,植被表现为温度进一步下降的疏林草原;在31—15kaB.P.时期,环境向寒冷方向发展,植被转为高寒草原;自11kaB.P.(全新世初期)开始,气候由温暖偏干转变为温凉偏湿,植被由灌丛草原转变为森林灌丛草原。这表明自晚更新世以来,该区气候环境是在逐渐变干的总趋势上,经历了多次明显的冷暖与干湿波动。 相似文献
3.
第四纪环境演变与中国北方的荒漠化 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：14
从第四纪环境演变的观点出发，研究中国北方荒漠化的正逆演变过程。在末次冰期板盛期(18—15kaB．P．)，气候恶劣、干冷，沙漠、黄土面积扩大。全新世(11kaB．P．)以来气候开始转暖，9—5kaB．P．为全新世的高温、高湿期，温带森林植被几乎取代了北方地区的干旱荒漠和干旱半干旱草原，在沙层和黄土地层中发育了多层古土壤。中全新世(5—2．5kaB．P．)以来气候向干冷方向转变，但仍有古土壤发育，自然和人文因素促使荒漠化的正逆演化。晚全新世(2．5kaB．P．-)气候向干冷方向转变，直到20世纪下半叶全球变暖，加速了全球性荒漠化的发展。指出荒漠化问题的复杂性，对荒漠化的概念进行了讨论，并将我国主要的荒漠化分为4大类型，即风蚀荒漠化、水蚀荒漠化、盐碱荒漠化与石漠化，还划分了10个亚类。提出了有关的结论和研究荒漠化的建议。 相似文献
4.
对柴达木盆地察尔汗古贝壳堤剖面的沉积物进行孢粉分析,结果显示这个地区植被与气候在晚更新世中晚期经历以下几个阶段的变化:36.2～31.2kaB.P.(未校正14C年代,下同)期间,以禾本科、藜科、蒿属、莎草科为主,发育草原-草甸植被,气候温和湿润,盘星藻出现较多,反映淡水湖泊,水深在10m左右;31.2～27.6kaB.P.期间,松属、云杉属、桦属等为主的木本植物的含量增加,周围山地森林发育,表明气候温暖,降水量增多。但由于蒸发量大,有效湿度下降,荒漠成分柽柳属等增加,盘星藻在30kaB.P.以后消失,反映湖泊盐度增大;27.6～23.3kaB.P.期间,植被中荒漠成分显著增加,周围山地森林萎缩,气候趋向相对寒冷干旱,湖面积缩小;23.3～18.0kaB.P.,孢粉浓度很低,蒺藜科、藜科等荒漠成分明显增加,植被稀疏,已趋向荒漠化草原,反映气候寒冷干旱。从整个剖面来看,主要的陆生植物孢粉类型为禾本科、柽柳属、蒺藜科、麻黄属、松属、云杉属、柏科、胡桃属和桦属等,藜科和蒿属含量很少,这与柴达木盆地东部地区的表土分析结果完全不同,也与其他草原以及荒漠草原的表土花粉结果相异。这说明晚更新世中晚期柴达木盆地东部地区的植被和现在无法进行比较,气候环境与现在显著不同。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原东部末次冰期最盛期气候的花粉证据 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：24
青藏高原许多湖泊钻孔、泥炭剖面等所揭示的花粉记录为重建当时的古气候提供了可靠的证据．应用这些资料探讨青藏高原东部末次最大盛冰期植被和气候．大约２５～１５ｋａＢＰ前后西藏东南部、川西若尔盖及青海柴达木和可可西里地区,气候寒冷干燥,年均气温比现今低６℃左右,植被以荒漠草原为主;在青海湖地区森林退缩演变为草原植被;甘肃临夏气候冷湿,年均温比现在低５～６℃,发育山地暗针叶林 相似文献
6.
亚洲内陆荒漠化和干旱化与中国西部人类生存环境和社会可持续发展密切相关。中国西部地区的气候自晚更新世以来经历了多次冷暖、干湿变化，研究其晚更新世古气候变化，有助于预测未来气候的变化趋势。文章分析了宁夏南部清水河盆地晚更新世中晚期的孢粉记录，结果显示孢粉序列可从下至上划分为4个组合带，反映了该地区晚更新世中晚期植被和气候变化规律。研究表明研究区晚更新世中期(75～50 ka B.P.)是植被以蒿属为主的干草原，气候温凉偏干；晚更新世晚期(25～15 ka B.P.)由荒漠草原-干草原和疏林草原交替出现逐渐过渡到荒漠草原，该时期冬季风呈现逐渐增强的趋势，致使气候逐渐变冷变干，气候类型由温凉偏湿过渡到冷干。宁夏南部清水河盆地晚更新世中晚期孢粉记录的深入研究对于正确认识黄土高原自然环境历史演变和黄土高原治理决策的制定具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
7.
李秉成 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,36(1):49-53
分析宁夏灵武水洞沟遗址剖面19个样品,将孢粉图式分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3个带,分别对应早、中、晚3个时期的孢粉带。Ⅰ带为藜、蒿和毛茛-豆科优势带;Ⅱ带为榆、榛、桦、鹅耳枥、栎优势带;Ⅲ带为藜科优势带。结果表明：早全新世植被为疏林草原、干草原-草甸草原,气候偏干冷-温和半湿润;中全新世早期植被为阔叶乔灌丛草原-针叶乔灌丛草原-阔叶疏林草原,气候温暖较干-寒冷较干-较暖较干;晚期植被为疏林草原,气候相对温暖、稍凉-较温暖;晚全新世植被为干草原,气候寒冷。 相似文献
8.
通过对关中盆地渭南地区晚冰期时黄土地层中陆生软体动物──蜗牛化石的系统研究,划出了３个蜗牛化石组合带,代表了３种不同的气候环境。通过对２２个黄土样品中的蜗牛化石组合、１４种蜗牛化石含量的对应分析,建立了晚冰期时的气候因子变化曲线,与植物硅酸体研究结果比较,两者有很好的一致性。晚冰期时,渭南地区的气候经历了温凉、偏湿－寒冷、干旱－短暂变暖－冷、干的变化过程,环境经历了半干旱、半湿润草原－干旱草原、荒漠草原－干旱草原的发展过程。在１４０００ａＢ．Ｐ．前后有一气候转暖期,预示着黄土高原末次冰消期气候转暖的开始。 相似文献
9.
李秉成 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2005,35(3):291-295
为了了解黄土高原中部全新世古气候演化特征,通过对陕西富平剖面的地质调查、密集采样和31个样品的孢粉分析,将孢粉图式划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3个带,分别代表早、中、晚3个时期的孢粉带:Ⅰ带为松-菊-香蒲组合带,以草本植物花粉占优势、针叶树植物花粉含量较高为特征;Ⅱ带为松-栎-蒿-环纹藻组合带,以乔木花粉增加、草本植物花粉减少为特征;Ⅲ带为栎-松-蒿组合带,以草本植物花粉增加、乔木花粉减少为特征.结果表明,早全新世植被为森林草原-干草原,气候干凉-干冷;中全新世植被为森林草原与针阔叶混交林草原,气候温暖半湿润;晚全新世植被为森林草原或疏林草原,气候干旱偏暖-温凉干旱. 相似文献
10.
东北平原是中国最大的平原,也是全国著名的粮仓。半个世纪以来,荒漠化发展的速度很快,严重影响社会经济的可持续发展。构造一气候旋回,冰期一间冰期气候的波动对第四纪环境的演化起了关键作用,干冷气候可导致沙漠化的发展,湿润气候促使土壤和植被发育,对沙漠化起到了抑制作用。自晚更新世以来,在干、湿气候交替出现的过程中,土壤的苏打化过程和脱苏打化过程也在交替进行。东北平原的沙质荒漠和盐碱荒漠主要是因为人们对土被、植被的破坏所造成的。东北平原是对世纪重要的经济开发区,研究治理该区的荒漠化有重要的战略意义。 相似文献
11.
Qingfeng Ma Liping Zhu Xinmiao Lu Yong Wang Yun Guo Junbo Wang Jianting Ju Ping Peng Lingyu Tang 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2017,46(2):242-253
The relationships amongst modern pollen assemblages, vegetation, climate and human activity are the basis for reconstructing palaeoenvironmental changes using pollen records. It is important to determine these relationships at regional scales due to the development of vegetation under different climatic conditions and human activities. In this paper, we report on an analysis of modern pollen assemblages of 31 surface lake samples from 31 lakes (one sample per lake) on the southwestern Tibetan Plateau where the knowledge of modern pollen and their relationships with vegetation, climate and human activities is insufficient. The region includes five vegetation zones: sub‐alpine shrub steppe, alpine steppe, alpine meadow and steppe ecotone, mountain desert and alpine desert. The lakes span a wide range of mean annual precipitation (50–500 mm) and mean annual temperature (?8 to 6 °C). Modern pollen assemblages from our samples mainly consist of herb taxa (Artemisia, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, etc.) and some tree taxa (Pinus, Fagaceae, Alnus, etc.). The results indicate that modern pollen assemblages are able to reflect the main vegetation distribution. Redundancy analysis for the main pollen types and environmental variables shows that precipitation is the leading factor that influences the pollen distribution in the study area with the first axis capturing 13.7% of the variance in the pollen data set. The Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ratio is valid for separating the desert component (<2) from the steppe and other vegetation zones (>2) but is unable to distinguish moisture variations. The Artemisia/Cyperaceae ratio is able to identify meadows (<1) and steppes (>1) and can be used as a moisture index on the southwestern Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that an appropriate range is needed for a modern pollen data set in order to perform pollen‐based quantitative climate reconstructions in one region. It is essential to perform modern studies before using pollen ratios to reconstruct palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate at a regional scale. 相似文献
12.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(5-7):453-473
Lateglacial and early Holocene (ca 14–9000 14C yr BP; 15–10,000 cal yr BP) pollen records are used to make vegetation and climate reconstructions that are the basis for inferring mechanisms of past climate change and for validating palaeoclimate model simulations. Therefore, it is important that reconstructions from pollen data are realistic and reliable. Two examples of the need for independent validation of pollen interpretations are considered here. First, Lateglacial-interstadial Betula pollen records in northern Scotland and western Norway have been interpreted frequently as reflecting the presence of tree-birch that has strongly influenced the resulting climate reconstructions. However, no associated tree-birch macrofossils have been found so far, and the local dwarf-shrub or open vegetation reconstructed from macrofossil evidence indicates climates too cold for tree-birch establishment. The low local pollen production resulted in the misleadingly high percentage representation of long-distance tree-birch pollen. Second, in the Minnesotan Lateglacial Picea zone, low pollen percentages from thermophilous deciduous trees could derive either from local occurrences of the tree taxa in the Picea/Larix forest or from long-distance dispersal from areas further south. The regionally consistent occurrence of low pollen percentages, even in sites with local tundra vegetation, and the lack of any corresponding macrofossil records support the hypothesis that the trees were not locally present. Macrofossils in the Picea zone represent tundra vegetation or Picea/Larix forest associated with typically boreal taxa, suggesting it was too cold for most thermophilous deciduous trees to grow. Any long-distance tree pollen is not masked by the low pollen production of tundra and Picea and Larix and therefore it is registered relatively strongly in the percentage pollen spectra.Many Lateglacial pollen assemblages have no recognisable modern analogues and contain high representations of well-dispersed ‘indicator’ taxa such as Betula or Artemisia. The spectra could have been derived from vegetation types that do not occur today, perhaps responding to the different climate that resulted from the different balance of climate forcing functions then. However, the available contemporaneous plant-macrofossil assemblages can be readily interpreted in terms of modern vegetation communities, suggesting that the pollen assemblages could have been influenced by mixing of locally produced pollen with long-distance pollen from remote vegetation types that are then over-represented in situations with low local pollen production. In such situations, it is important to validate the climate reconstructions made from the pollen data with a macrofossil record. 相似文献
13.
A pollen diagram from Lago di Martignano, a maar lake in central Italy, provides an 11000-year record of vegetation and environment change. The earliest pollen spectra are dominated by Artemisia and Gramineae, representing late glacial steppe vegetation typical of the Mediterranean region. Broad-leaved forests were established by ca. 11 000 yr BP. Although Quercus initially dominated their canopy, a wide range of other mesophyllous trees were also present. Pollen values for sclerophyllous tree and shrub taxa characteristic of Mediterranean woodlands and scrub are initially low (<10%). After ca. 7000 yr BP, however, they begin to increase and rise to a peak of >40% of total land pollen at ca. 6700 yr BP, with Olea europaea the single most abundant taxon. Human influence upon the vegetation only becomes significant somewhat after this peak, with progressive clearance of woodland and expansion of herbaceous communities. Castanea sativa and luglans regia pollen is recorded consistently from the beginning of the rise in pollen values for taxa characteristic of Mediterranean scrub communities. Pollen values for arable crops increase progressively after ca. 5500 yr BP, following the peak pollen values for taxa characteristic of Mediterranean scrub vegetation. Late glacial and Holocene climate changes have been complex in this region, with the present character of the climate developing only during the last millennium. Rates of change of pollen spectra peak during this period. 相似文献
14.
遥感影像以多分辨率记录了地表的覆盖特征。影像的空间分辨率限定了遥感对地观测的最小单元。地理环境特征监测的基本空间尺度的适宜性对遥感提出了多分辨率的需求 ,同时 ,多种全球变化模型对土地覆盖类型及空间格局需求的尺度也不同。因此 ,作为模型重要参数的土地覆盖特征的多分辨率遥感监测对满足不同模型的需求以及对利用实测数据进行尺度转换研究是重要的。本文在遥感、地理信息系统支持下 ,从遥感数据采集的空间分辨率的角度定量化判断空间分辨率放大过程对土地覆盖特征监测的影响。研究区域选定在ＮＥＣＴ(中国东北样带 )的西部 (42°～ 46°Ｎ、1 1 0°～1 2 1°Ｅ)。采用美国地球资源观测系统数据中心提供的 相似文献
15.
16.
O. D. Naidina 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2006,14(3):331-340
The Holocene paleogeography of the Laptev Sea eastern shelf is reconstructed based on mollusks, foraminifers, ostracodes, spores and pollen found for the first time. Environmental changes in the course of the postglacial (Holocene) transgression are detectable from quantitative analysis of three ostracod assemblages. Three phases of the transgression are established based on ostracode assemblages from the AMS 14C-dated core from the ancient valley of Yana River, central part of the Laptev Sea eastern shelf. After the first phase of coastal brackish-water environment (11.3–11.1 ka), shallow-water marine taxa appeared in the transitional phase (11.1–10.3 ka), and the third phase of modern sea conditions commenced 10.3 ka ago. Spore and pollen assemblages from the core indicate that the early Holocene land vegetation was dominated by tundra plant communities adapted to climatic conditions not warmer than at present. In the interval of 9.3–8.0 ka, climate was increasingly humid and warm, and forest-tundra vegetation occupied more favorable zones of the region. 相似文献
17.
本文报道了南海北部深海沉积物中花粉的研究结果。所研究的17940孔长13．30m,包括最近4万年的沉积物。共鉴定统计103个样品,样品间距10cm,分辨率约为360a,自下而上分为3个花粉带和8个亚带。P1带(13．06～8．70m,约37000～15000aB．P．)以山地针叶树(Picea,Abies,Tsuga)花粉高含量组合与蒿属花粉占优势组合交替出现为特征,指示冷湿及温干频繁交替的气候。根据氧同位素资料该带相当于3期及本次盛冰期。P2带前期(P2-a亚带,8．70～7．23m,约15000～11300aB．P．)热带-亚热带常绿阔叶乔木花粉增加指示气候变暖,其中14000aB．P．前后红树林的高峰可能是海平面一度上升的结果;P2带后期P2-b亚带(7．23～660m,约11300～10000aB．p．)高山雨林及山地针叶树花粉增加指示气候变冷。根据氧同位素资料P2－a亚带与Bφlling－Allerφd升温期相当,而P2－b亚带属新仙女木期。P3带(660～0m,10000aB．P．至现在)为全新世,花粉组合以松属花粉占绝对优势,与现代南海北部表层沉积物中花粉组合相似,说明近万年以来南海北部气候与现代气候相近。近1400年来芒其孢子突然增加说明人类活动加剧。 相似文献
18.
Environmental changes in the northern Altai during the last millennium documented in Lake Teletskoye pollen record 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andrei A. Andreev Roberto Pierau Ivan A. Kalugin Andrei V. Daryin Lyubov G. Smolyaninova Bernhard Diekmann 《Quaternary Research》2007,67(3):394-399
A high-resolution pollen record from Lake Teletskoye documents the climate-related vegetation history of the northern Altai Mountain region during the last millennium. Siberian pine taiga with Scots pine, fir, spruce, and birch dominated the vegetation between ca. AD 1050 and 1100. The climate was similar to modern. In the beginning of the 12th century, birch and shrub alder increased. Lowered pollen concentrations and simultaneous peaks in herbs (especially Artemisia and Poaceae), ferns, and charcoal fragments point to colder and more arid climate conditions than before, with frequent fire events. Around AD 1200, regional climate became warmer and more humid than present, as revealed by an increase of Siberian pine and decreases of dry herb taxa and charcoal contents. Climatic conditions were rather stable until ca. AD 1410. An increase of Artemisia pollen may reflect slightly drier climate conditions between AD 1410 and 1560. Increases in Alnus, Betula, Artemisia, and Chenopodiaceae pollen and in charcoal particle contents may reflect further deterioration of climate conditions between AD 1560 and 1810, consistent with the Little Ice Age. After AD 1850 the vegetation gradually approached the modern one, in conjunction with ongoing climate warming. 相似文献
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孢粉分析是研究过去全球变化的一种重要方法,而研究花粉与现代气候之间的相互关系是古气候定量重建研究中的前沿课题。要预测未来气候的中长期变化,必须从花粉记录中定量提取古气候信息,建立的多种孢粉-气候数学模型必须经过不同边界条件下的古气候数据检验校正才能应用到实际当中。花粉-气候响应面方法是考虑了花粉与气候间的非线形关系上,提出的将现代花粉丰度在地理空间的分布转换为气候空间的分布,并以提供定量的古气候数据,已被广泛应用于COHMAP等各种重要古气候研究项目。本文就是利用该方法,以青藏高原东北部共和盆地达连海湖泊流域54个表土样品中的花粉丰度及采样点的气候参数为基础数据,通过主成分分析选择了特征值高且指示意义明显的4种花粉类型,对其丰度与7月平均温度及年平均降水量两个气候参数进行多项式回归分析,其结果显示模型对数据拟合较好,为定量重建该区古气候变化提出了较为准确的数量指标。 相似文献
20.
The response of Central European vegetation to rapid climate change during the late Quaternary period (Eemian to Holocene) is assessed by data from the new pollen record of Füramoos, southwestern Germany. This record represents the longest late Quaternary pollen record north of the Alps as currently known. Its high degree of completeness allows detailed correlations with Greenland ice cores and sea-surface temperature records from the North Atlantic. Our data show that if climate deteriorations were not long or severe enough to extirpate refugia of arboreal taxa north of the Alps such as during marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 5 (i.e., Würm Stadial A, Stadial B, and Stadial C), reforestation with the onset of warmer conditions in Central Europe occurred on a centennial scale. If arboreal taxa became completely extinct north of the Alps such as during MIS 4 (i.e., Würm Stadial D), several thousand years were necessary for the reimmigration from refugia situated in regions south of the Alps. Thus, Dansgaard-Oeschger interstades (DOIS) 24 to 20 and 15 to 11 are expressed in Central European pollen records, whereas DOIS 19 to 16 are not recorded due to migration lags. 相似文献