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1.
本文以生命必需元素氟为研究对象,选择地方性氟病分布典型、地下水类型分布全面的山东省全境为研究区,依托2006~2016年间采集的4321件地下水无机分析数据,综合运用数理统计分析、离子比值分析、水化学平衡体系分析,详细研究了山东省高氟地下水的分布特征和富集机制.结果表明:山东省浅层高氟地下水集中连片分布于胶莱盆地和鲁西南平原地区地势低洼地带,地下水氟含量超过1 mg/L的分布面积13227 km2,最大值22 mg/L;深层承压孔隙水高氟区集中分布于平原盆地中心的德州、滨州、菏泽等地深层承压孔隙水水位降落漏斗区,氟含量超过2 mg/L的分布面积15086 km2,最大值7.5 mg/L,地下水开采是驱动深层承压孔隙水氟富集的主要因素;不同类型地下水氟平均含量从大到小依次是深层承压孔隙水、浅层松散岩类孔隙水、侵入岩变质岩基岩裂隙水、碳酸盐岩类裂隙岩溶水、碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水;深层承压孔隙水F-含量与Ca2+含量呈明显的负相关,其他类型地下水F-含量与Ca2+含量相关关系不明显.综合得出:山东省高氟地下水形成受地貌与地质构造部位、含水介质地球化学特性、人类地下水开采等三方面因素共同驱动,含氟矿物的溶解是地下水中氟的物质来源,淋滤、蒸发浓缩、水岩相互作用使得地下水氟含量进一步升高,氟-钙拮抗作用机制最终决定地下水中氟含量.此研究揭示了控制不同类型地下水氟富集的关键因素,深化了氟在地下水中化学行为的认识.  相似文献   

2.
在综合阐述甘肃省自然地理及区域水文地质条件的基础上,利用2014—2015年完成的614组地下水及地表水水质测试分析数据(包括感官指标、一般化学指标、矿泉水界限指标、矿泉水限量指标和污染指标),依据《食品安全国家标准饮用天然矿泉水》(GB8537-2018),系统分析归纳总结了甘肃省饮用天然矿泉水类型、分布及产出特征。结果表明,省内饮用天然矿泉水基本类型主要有锶型、偏硅酸型、锂型、碘型、锌型和硒型矿泉水六类,具备1项或1项以上的界限含量指标达到标准的水点共有417处,其中锶型(含复合型)矿泉水411处,是甘肃省的主要矿泉水类型,其余类型的矿泉水仅零星出现;按产出的地貌单元分析,锶型矿泉水产出率由多到少依次分布于河西走廊(82.2%)、陇东黄土高原(80.2%)、甘南高原(67.2%)、北山区(61.5%)、祁连山—阿尔金山区(59.7%)、陇西黄土高原(53.5%)、陇南山地(19.6%);按不同类型地下水及地表水中锶含量达标率分析,白垩系、新近系碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水最高(平均85.4%),其次为第四系松散岩类孔隙水、断裂破碎带裂隙孔隙水、基岩裂隙水和碳酸盐岩裂隙岩溶水(平均53.2%),地表水最低(平均32.7%)。新近系—白垩系碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水中锶元素最易富集。研究结果对甘肃省矿泉水资源的勘查开发利用有重要的指导作用。  相似文献   

3.
通过地面水文地质调查、水文地质钻探和地下水资源开发利用等综合研究手段,查明研究区地下水类型以基岩裂隙孔隙水为主,碳酸盐岩岩溶水和第四系松散岩类孔隙水为辅,总结出不同类型地下水的赋存特征;从断裂、皱褶和裂隙发育特征阐明地质构造对研究区地下水运移、存储、富集和排泄的影响规律,断裂破碎带通常具有阻水作用,而在断裂一侧或两侧某一段的影响带内往往充水,沿断裂带发育方向易形成地下水排泄带,次级断裂是控制研究区内深部热水活动通道的主要构造;向斜构造使得浅层裂隙水和下部层间水得以富集,形成向斜储水盆地;近东西向张性和"X"节理裂隙有利于地下水的富集.根据研究区内主要地形地貌和含水层特点,将研究区划分为山间盆地、丘陵山区和岩溶山区3种主要类型区,通过对各类型区地下水赋存特征及规律分析总结,结合开发利用可行性,归纳出3种地下水开发利用模式:山间盆地蓄水构造钻井抽水模式、丘陵山区表层泉水池调蓄模式和岩溶山区溶洼成库和地下河堵洞成库地表-地下联合模式.研究成果为提高乌蒙山区地下水开发利用效率,解决该地区用水困难提供科学依据.  相似文献   

4.
以江西赣南地区某地区为研究对象,对地下水中的氟分布含量特征及成因进行了调查分析。结果表明:不同岩类孔隙水中的地下水氟含量主要以低氟水为主,这与研究区地下水呈酸性、低矿化度、低钙离子和碳酸氢根离子等特征有关;松散岩类孔隙水中的低氟水、中氟水以及高氟水占比分别为94.3%、4.6和1.1%;碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水中各含量分级占比分比为97.7%、0%和2.3%;花岗岩类裂隙水中各含量分级占比分比为93.2%、4.1%和2.7%;变质岩类裂隙水中各含量分级占比分比为96.4%、3.6%和0%。不同地层地下水氟含量大小依次为花岗岩类孔隙水松散岩类孔隙水碎屑岩类孔隙水变质岩类孔隙水。研究区的水氟主要来源于氟矿物的溶解,同时受水动力、水化学以及地层岩性等的影响,不同地区的水氟含量有所差异。  相似文献   

5.
甘肃省位于中国四大地理区(北方区、南方区、西北区和青藏高原区)的相接部位,气候类型多样、地质构造活动强烈、地形复杂、地貌形态多样,复杂的地质条件、多样的地理气候环境和水文地质条件,为锶矿泉水的形成提供了有利条件。通过对全省644个水点的样品检测分析,表明锶含量主要集中在0.09~1.00 mg/L,最高值达15.6 mg/L,锶含量≥0.40 mg/L、达到饮用天然矿泉水界限含量的水点共有411个,占全部水点的58.1%,锶是甘肃省地下水中普遍含有并且含量较丰的微量元素之一。经统计分析表明,在水文地质单元上,以山前盆地第四系地下水为主的河西走廊平原区和以白垩系碎屑岩孔隙裂隙水为主的陇东黄土丘陵区地下水中最有利于锶的富集;地下水类型上,以中新生界碎屑岩地下水锶最易富集,而以变质岩为主的基岩裂隙水不利于锶的富集;循环特征上,以具备深循环条件的盆地型地下水系统最有利于锶的富集,而循环路径短、交替条件较强烈的局部水流系统中地下水锶偏贫。围岩中的锶丰度,决定了地下水中锶的含量,白垩系和新近系碎屑岩、古生界碳酸盐岩中锶丰度高,决定了白垩系碎屑岩地下水、新近系碎屑岩地下水和碳酸盐岩岩溶水具备锶矿泉水富集的物质条件;同时锶在地下水中富集,还与地下水所处的构造环境和地下水循环运移特征有关,盆地型的地下水流系统和进行深循环的地下水从补给区到排泄区径流距离远,循环路径长,地下水在含水层的滞留时间长,有利于锶在地下水中的溶解和富集。  相似文献   

6.
吉林省松嫩平原氟中毒病区水文地质特征及防氟改水对策   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
阐述了吉林省西部松嫩平原氟中毒病区的分布、地下水中氟的来源及其迁移富集规律,从水文地质角度论述了区域地下水径流-汇水和富集形成高氟水的全过程.结合氟中毒区水文地质特征并通过多年的改水实践工作,确定了该地区的防氟改水对策.  相似文献   

7.
浅层地下水氟的质量平衡反应模型及其化学演变   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以邢台山前平原浅层地下水系统为例,本文运用地下水质量平衡反应模型的理论和方法,建立了浅层地下水氟的质量平衡反应模型。确定了从氟的淋溶一移带至氟的富集带,沿水流路径在水-岩相互作用过程中含氟和其它(矿)物相的质量转移数量。在此基础上探讨了浅层地下水氟的化学演变过程和形成机制,使氟的水文地政治协商会议化学分带建立在量化的基础上,深化了对浅层地下水中氟的化学行为的认识。  相似文献   

8.
刘春华  王威  卫政润  尚浩  张卓 《地球学报》2018,39(3):351-357
依据2006—2016年间采集的区内475件地下水无机分析数据以及钻探岩心易溶盐测试数据,详细研究了微山湖流域高氟地下水的分布特征和富集机制。结果表明:微山湖流域高氟地下水的分布有明显的东西分区特征,湖西冲积、湖积平原区有大范围的高氟地下水,在深度0—40 m的浅层孔隙地下水中,氟含量以1~2 mg/L为主,仅现代黄河影响带地下水氟含量小于1 mg/L,金乡、单县、嘉祥局部超过3 mg/L,最大值9.5 mg/L;在深度150—400 m的深层孔隙地下水中,氟含量以1~1.5 mg/L为主,菏泽—单县条带氟含量超过2 mg/L,最大值3.5 mg/L。微山湖东冲积、洪积平原浅层孔隙地下水、深层岩溶地下水氟含量均小于1 mg/L。湖西冲积、湖积平原沉积物中可溶性氟含量随深度增加而降低。微山湖流域湖西高氟地下水形成受物质来源、淋滤和蒸发浓缩等三方面因素共同控制,CaF_2的溶解平衡是控制地下水F–含量的重要因素。  相似文献   

9.
山东省高密市地处胶莱盆地,南部为丘陵区,中部为缓坡区,北部为高氟地下水分布的平原区,属于盆地浅层地下水型饮水高氟地区,是全国氟中毒较为严重的地区之一。该区地势平坦,属暖温带大陆季风气候区,蒸发强度较高。晚更新世以来,该区较为平稳,地表水、地下水径流滞缓,地下水以降水补给、蒸发排泄为主,目前兼有少量的人工开采。高氟地下水赋存于白垩纪火山碎屑岩风化残积形成的第四系松散堆积物中,含水层以砂质亚粘土为主,在埋深0.5~1.0 m处普遍发育钙质结核,俗称姜石。靠近北部河流,第四系底部多发育一层厚度渐大的含砾砂层。随着砂层的出现、增厚,地下水中的含氟量逐渐降低。据此总结了高密市高氟地下水的成因模式,为溶滤富集型与蒸发浓缩碱化型的复合模式。通过室内淋溶试验,结合当地的实际,提出“原位驱氟”的设想。  相似文献   

10.
裂隙岩体渗流耦合传热分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以地下裂隙岩体在裂隙水—孔隙水和温度场之间耦合作用为研究对象,对热和流体流动控制方程采用有限容积数值方法进行离散求解,设置了六种裂隙水—孔隙水流速方案,给出了部分无量纲温度场,并分析了传热与流动原因。分析结果表明:岩体内裂隙水—孔隙水引发的热质迁移对裂隙岩体的温度场分布有重要影响;当裂隙岩体内发生地下裂隙水—孔隙水渗流、及热量的转移时,会产生渗流场、温度场之间的耦合作用;裂隙内水流渗透速度是影响岩体温度的主要因素,孔隙内水流渗透速度是影响岩体温度的次要因素,温差主要发生在裂隙水边界层处。  相似文献   

11.
Fluorine is in the dynamic balance of two geochemical processes, enrichment and leaching, reflecting the adsorption and desorption of fluoride by clay minerals, respectively. The two geochemical processes of fluorine in soil are influenced by factors including geochemical characteristics of soil and clay minerals, pH and sanity of soil solutions, climate, grazing and agriculture activities. Main factors controlling enrichment and leaching process of fluorine in soil can be found with interaction consideration.  相似文献   

12.
Coexisting Ca-amphiboles, biotites, apatites, and sphenes were analysed for fluorine by a micro-probe. Fifty samples from four areas were examined. The distribution coefficient K D(F) A-B for coexisting Ca-amphibole and biotite varies between 0.5 and 1.1 and is positively correlated with increasing metamorphic grade and with increasing contents of Ti in Ca-amphibole. Samples carrying hematite have normally a higher content of fluorine in the hydrous minerals due to an increasing activity of fluorine during the oxidation. It is shown that apatite mirrors a low activity of fluorine better than coexisting biotite, which in turn is a more sensitive indicator at higher F-activities. The distribution of fluorine between sphene and biotite is also discussed.  相似文献   

13.
本文通过对在外贝加尔大骨节病区水文地球化学研究结果表明,该地区天然水呈现出高浓度的磷(高达3.5 me/L),同时,锰、硅、铅等元素也呈现出高浓度的地球化学特征.分析水文地球化学数据,认为大骨节病可能与生物地球化学性质的多种因素有关系.进一步研究大骨节病的成因机制需要新的可靠的环境地球化学数据.  相似文献   

14.
大骨节病低氟说的诠释   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李端生 《吉林地质》2007,26(4):100-104
提出环境低氟是大骨节病原始病因,探索氟元素如何滋养和损伤骨骼系统,寻求有效防治措施。指出地质环境和饮水低氟促成大骨节病发生;在无其他氟源情况下,饮水氟质量浓度小于0.2 m g/L患轻度大骨节病,小于0.1 m g/L患重度大骨节病。人体发生以低氟为中心代谢紊乱,骨基质和骨盐合成不足,阻碍骨生长发育;提出防治大骨节病向人体补氟的具体方法。(6000)  相似文献   

15.
Environmental geochemistry and health of fluorine in Chinese coals   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Fluorine is one of the potential hazardous trace elements in coal. Fluorine may be released into atmosphere mostly during coal combustion process. When the coal is burning indoors without any controlling methods (chimney), the fluorine will pollute the room and is absorbed by food fired (dried) over stoves. Now many people have suffered from fluorosis due to coal burning indoors in Southwest China. In this paper, the concentration, distribution, mode of occurrences and impact factors of fluorine in Chinese coals are analyzed. The environmental impacts and typical features of fluorosis are studied. It is concluded that the value of fluorine in Chinese coals ranges from 20 to 300 mg/kg, and with average value of 122 mg/kg from 5,603 coal samples. It is higher than the average value of the world coals (80 mg/kg). In provincial coalfields of the SW China, the content of F is highest and many people have been affected due to coal combustion indoors.  相似文献   

16.
曹磊  赵斌  周泳德 《江苏地质》2012,36(2):216-218
采用扩散法提取植物样中的氟,用离子色谱法检测氟的含量。经试验,样品加标回收率在94.7%~104.7%之间,样品质量分数为7.10μg/g时,RSD为1.41%。此法操作简单,准确度高,精密度好,是一种测量植物样中氟含量的有效方法。  相似文献   

17.
Summary The distribution of F and, to a lesser extent, Cl between phlogopite, amphibole, apatite, and glass in kamafugites from the West Eifel, Germany, and South-West Uganda, and from lamprophyres (minettes) from Hopi-Navajo, Arizona has been determined. In addition, these elements have been analyzed in the same phases from mantle-derived xenoliths from the kamafugitic rocks. All halogen determinations were made using a JEOL 8600 electron microprobe. The F contents and trends in the minerals and glass in the kamafugites and lamprophyres are very similar to those reported for lamproites (Edgar and Charbonneau, 1991). The results indicate that F in the minerals of ultrapotassic magmas is much greater then that found in the xenoliths that are believed to represent likely source regions for such magmas. Chlorine is present in much lower amounts and in the same phases. The discrepancy between F in the xenoliths and in the lavas, and the preference for F to be incorporated in solid phases suggest that F is insufficient to account for the F found in ultrapotassic magmas or to provide for the reduced fluid conditions proposed by Foley (1988) for the genesis of such magmas. Based on these results, the genesis of ultrapotassic magmas may occur if they are partial melts of a mantle source that has been further enriched in F by repeated partial melting of mantle-derived xenoliths such as those of southwest Uganda. Alternatively the slightly higher Cl in the minerals of the xenoliths relative to the magmas suggests that Cl has been lost during degassing of the ascending magma. This may enrich the magmas in F by a dilution effect that may take place prior to the formation of phenocrystal F-rich phlogopites that are often present in ultrapotassic magmas.
Die Rolle von fluor in der evolution ultrapotassischer magmen
Zusammenfassung Die Verteilung von Fluor and untergeordnet von Chlor zwischen Phlogopit, Amphibol, Apatit and Glas wurde an Kamafugiten aus der westlichen Eifel, Deutschland and aus Südwest-Uganda sowie an Lamprophyren (Minetten) aus Hopi-Navajo, Arizona bestimmt. Außerdem wurde der Gehalt an diesen Elementen in den gleichen Mineralphasen von Mantel-Xenolithen aus kamafugitischen Gesteinen analysiert. Die Halogenbestimmungen wurden an einer JEOL 8600 Mikrosonde durchgeführt. Die Gehalte und Verteilungstrends von Fluor in den Mineralphasen und im Glas der Kamafugite und Lamprophyre sind vergleichbar mit jenen aus Lamproiten (Edgar und Charbonneau, 1991). Die Resultate deuten an, daß der Fluorgehalt in Mineralen ultrapotassischer Magmen viel höher ist als in Xenolithen, die als Repräsentanten der Herkunftsregion derartiger Magmen gelten. Chlor tritt in den selben Mineralphasen in viel geringeren Mengen auf. Das unterschiedliche Auftreten von Fluor in den Xenolithen und in den Laven sowie der bevorzugte Einbau von Fluor in feste Mineralphasen lassen vermuten, daß dieser Gehalt an Fluor nicht ausreicht, um den hohen Fluorgehalt in ultrapotassischen Magmen und die reduzierenden Fluida-Bedingungen, wie sie von Foley (1988) für die Genese von solchen Magmen angenommen worden sind, zu erklären. Auf der Basis dieser Ergebnisse können ultrapotassische Magmen nur dann entstehen, wenn das Mantelmaterial als Herkunft für die partielle Schmelze zum Beispiel durch wiederholtes Teilaufschmelzen von Mantelxenolithen wie jenen aus Südwest-Uganda an Fluor angereichert worden ist. Als Alternative wird angenommen, daß die leicht höheren Chlorgehalte in den Mineralen der Xenolithe verglichen mit dem der Magmen durch Chlorverlust während Entgasung beim Aufstieg des Magmas zustande gekommen sind. Dadurch kam es zu einem Verdünnungseffekt, der zu einer Anreicherung von Fluor führt, vor der Bildung von F-reichem Phlogopit als Phenokristall, Kristalle, die häufig in ultrapotassischen Magmen auftreten.


With 9 Figures  相似文献   

18.
The behaviour of fluorine and chlorine during differentiation is considered in the light of halogen data for granites and separated biotites from the Dartmoor granite pluton of S.W. England, hornblende-bearing ultrabasic and basic rocks from a layered intrusion at Rhiw, N. Wales, and recent literature data on halogens in apatites from the Shonkin Sag laccolith and the Skaergaard intrusion.The data indicate that whereas fluorine concentrations are highest in the late stage differentiates, chlorine concentration is highest in the earlier differentiates. It is suggested that this behaviour of the two halogens is due to their relative affinities for silicate melts. Chlorine having a low solubility in silicate melts and a strong affinity for associated aqueous phases will tend to be concentrated in early formed hydrous minerals, leaving fluorine with its strong affinity for the melt to be enriched in the late-formed hydrous minerals.  相似文献   

19.
An analytical method previously applied to the determination of fluorine in rocks and minerals would seem to be ideal for exploration samples such as soils, stream sediments and vegetation. The determination which utilises the Zr-xylenol orange complex is performed on acidified leachates following sodium carbonate fusion. This digestion technique is rapid, simple and amenable to batch sample processing. The method, which is applicable to samples containing from about 10 ppm to over 3% fluorine, is essentially interference free.  相似文献   

20.
The chemical diffusion of fluorine in jadeite melt has been investigated from 10 to 15 kbars and 1200 to 1400°C using diffusion couples of Jadeite melt and fluorine-bearing jadeite melt (6.3 wt.% F). The diffusion profile data indicate that the diffusion process is concentration-independent, binary, F-O interdiffusion. The F-O interdiffusion coefficient ranges from 1.3 × 10?7 to 7.1 × 10?7 cm2/sec and is much larger than those obtained by Kushiro (1983) for Si-Ge and Al-Ga interdimision in jadeitic melts. The Arrhenius activation energy of diffusion is in the range of 36 to 39 kcal/mole as compared with 19 kcal/mole for fluorine tracer diffusion in a lime-aluminosilicate melt. The diffusivity and activation energy of F-O interdiffusion vary slightly with pressure, but the pressure dependence of F-O, Al-Ga and Si-Ge interdiffusion may be related to the relative volumes of the interdiffusing species for each pair. The magnitude of chemical diffusivity of fluorine is comparable to that of the chemical diffusivity of water in obsidian melts. The diffusivities of various cations are significantly increased by the addition of fluorine or water to a silicate melt. This fact, combined with the high diffusivity of fluorine, suggests that the F? ion is the principal diffusing species in dry aluminosilicate melts and that dissolved fluorine will accelerate chemical equilibration in dry igneous melts.  相似文献   

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