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1.
胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定岩屑样品中的苯系化合物 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定了同一井位、不同深度岩屑样品中的苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯化合物。采用 50 μm× 57cm毛细管柱 ,以 50mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠 - 2 0mmol/L四硼酸钠溶液 (pH 9 1 6)作为缓冲溶液 ,电压 2 5kV ,检测波长 2 0 0nm ,1 6min内 ,苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯可获得良好的分离。用峰面积定量 ,线性范围为 2～ 1 0 0mg/L ,最小检测浓度分别为 :0 75mg/L苯 ;0 45mg/L甲苯 ;0 39mg/L乙苯 ;0 1mg/L邻 二甲苯 ;0 31mg/L对 二甲苯。加标回收率分别为 :苯 1 0 1 % ,甲苯 99% ,邻二甲苯 97% ,乙苯 95% ,对二甲苯 1 0 0 %。方法用于实际岩屑样品的测量 ,获得各含量范围在 0 .0x～ 0 .xμg/ g ;3次平行测定的RSD在 3 3%～ 34%。 相似文献
2.
岩溶地下河系统石灰石对BTEX的吸附动力学和热力学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石油类单环芳香烃BTEX是岩溶地下水中常见的有机污染物,但有关BTEX与石灰石的吸附研究报道很少。文中利用静态吸附实验,研究了桂林寨底地下河系统石灰石含水介质对汽油组分BTEX化合物的吸附动力学和吸附热力学。结果表明：（1）石灰石含水介质对BTEX具有明显的吸附性,BTEX实验吸附容量介于0.004~0.061 mg/g,大小顺序为甲苯>苯>间对二甲苯>邻二甲苯>乙苯,其动力学过程适合用假二级动力学模型描述,表明乙苯和二甲苯的吸附速率明显高于甲苯和苯,模型预测的BTEX吸附容量介于0.005~0.067 mg/g,大小顺序与实验结果一致。（2）BTEX在石灰石含水介质中的吸附热力学符合Freundlich模型及其特例Linear模型,Freundlich常数介于0.076 4~0.189 3［mg/g］［L/mg］1/n,1/n介于0.943 4~0.970 1,BTEX分配系数为0.002 3~0.021 2 L/g。BTEX吸附能力顺序为间对二甲苯>乙苯>邻二甲苯>甲苯>苯。然而,石灰石与BTEX之间的吸附等温线不适合用Langmuir模型描述。这项研究能够为深入探讨BTEX在西南岩溶地下水中的迁移与归宿机制提供科学依据。 相似文献
3.
超高效液相色谱法直接快速测定环境水样中硝基苯和苯胺 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
建立了超高效液相色谱直接快速测定环境水样中硝基苯和苯胺的分析方法。取900μL水样与100μL乙腈混匀,用微孔滤膜(0.2μm,有机系)过滤。采用1.7μm小颗粒填料的BEH phenyl柱,以乙腈/醋酸铵溶液为流动相,硝基苯和苯胺分别用紫外和荧光检测器检测,分析时间仅1.1 min。硝基苯和苯胺的线性范围分别是0.485～4850μg/L和0.495～1978μg/L,方法检出限分别是0.194μg/L和0.099μg/L,相关系数均在0.995以上。硝基苯9.70μg/L、194μg/L、1940μg/L三个浓度水平回收率在98.3%～101%,相对标准偏差在1.11%～2.03%。苯胺9.89μg/L、198μg/L、1978μg/L三个浓度水平回收率在98.6%～104%,相对标准偏差在0.75%～5.85%。与传统液相分析方法相比,本方法线性范围更宽,灵敏度更高;直接进样简化了前处理环节,减少采样体积和有机试剂的使用;分析效率高,适用于地下水、地表水等多种水质样品中痕量到常量范围的硝基苯和苯胺快速测定。 相似文献
4.
顶空气相色谱法测定地层水中的苯系物 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
利用极性聚乙二醇弹性石英毛细管柱分离苯系物，在线顶空气相色谱法测定地层水中的苯系物。讨论了色谱柱、载气压力、液相体积、顶空压力、顶空加热温度等因素对测定的影响。该方法实现了地层水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、异丙苯、苯乙烯等各组分的完全分离，方法的检出限在0．07—0．23μg／L，8次测定相对标准偏差在2．98％-4．91％，加标回收率为95．2％-104％。方法可用于地层水等液体样品中苯系物的测定。 相似文献
5.
建立了高温燃烧水解-离子色谱测定植物样品中不同含量范围氟的分析方法,色谱条件为Dionex IonPacAS18分离柱(4 mm×250 mm),Dionex IonPac AG18保护柱(4 mm×50 mm),ASRS ULTRAⅡ自动再生微膜抑制器,电导检测器。采用纯水作为吸收介质,使样品溶液与标准溶液基体一致,过滤后可直接测定。样品溶液中常见的Cl-、NO3-、SO24-、PO43-、CO23-、HCO3-等阴离子不干扰F-的测定。为消除样品热解过程中产生的乙酸干扰,对氟含量较高(xx～xxxμg/g)的样品,采用20 mmol/L的NaOH淋洗液等度淋洗,进样体积为25μL;对氟含量较低的样品(0.x～xμg/g),进样体积为100μL。方法具有较宽的线性范围和较好的稳定性,检出限为0.5 mg/kg,适用于痕量分析;应用于灌木枝叶和茶叶等4个氟含量较高(xx～xxxμg/g)的植物标准物质的测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)<6%(n=6);应用于低氟的小麦粉和大米粉样品测定,加标回收率为90%～110%,可以满足不同氟含量植物样品中氟测定的需要,具有自动化程度高、操作简单、对环境友好等特点。 相似文献
6.
本实验选取了苯酚、苯甲酸、苯、甲苯、氯苯等五种化合物作为活性污泥的驯化基质，以瓦呼仪作为测试手段，分析了五种基质在驯化后的活性污泥中的可降解性及三氯乙烯（TCE）在不同基质驯化后的活性污泥中的可生化性，并用计算出的12h有机物氧化率表征有机物的可生化性难易度。苯酚、苯甲酸、甲苯、苯在40mg／L时的氧化率达到最大值，分别为93．71％、64．67％、39．24％、9．15％。氯苯仅在20mg／L时可降解，氧化率为46．09％，据此推断出几种代谢基质的可降解性从易到难的顺序为：苯酚〉苯甲酸〉甲苯〉苯〉氯苯。在甲苯、苯酚、苯甲酸、氯苯驯化后的活性污泥中TCE在50μg／L时，其氧化率达到最大值，分别为54．14％、33．69％、23．91％、21．11％。在苯驯化后的活性污泥中TCE仅在10μg／L时可降解，氧化率为13．8％。据此可推断出TCE在五种代谢基质中的可生化性从高到低的顺序为：甲苯〉苯酚〉苯甲酸〉氯苯〉苯。 相似文献
7.
认识沉积环境有机碳留存状况是阐述油气形成过程中有机碳早期成岩的关键内容。以南海珠江口盆地及其邻近海域为背景,通过研究表层沉积物中脂类化合物的形态组成,认识脂类有机碳的来源和留存状态,阐述特征脂类分子的早期成岩特征。结果表明,研究区域表层沉积物有机碳含量为0.22%～0.66%,有机碳稳定同位素分布在-20.88‰～-22.93‰之间,表现为显著的海源特征。沉积物中共检测出21种脂肪酸、6种脂肪醇、8种甾醇和植醇;总脂肪酸、脂肪醇、甾醇和植醇含量分别为12.57～40.27μg/g、5.35～8.98μg/g、0.15～3.75μg/g和0.01～3.99μg/g干重,总体表现为靠近珠江口和台湾海峡略高。脂类化合物的存在形态以游离态(FR)和碱性水解态(BH)为主,酸性水解态(AH)贡献较低;其中植醇和甾醇呈现显著的BH优势,植醇中未检出AH组分的贡献。脂类化合物主要来自于海洋现场生产,海洋微藻和细菌的相对贡献率分别为21.18%～33.78%和11.02%～15.64%,陆源高等植物贡献低于5%。来源于硫酸盐还原菌的支链脂肪酸在靠近珠江口海域高达1.79～2.62μg/g,占总脂肪酸的5.14%～6.50%,并与硫酸盐还原过程相关的古菌分布相一致。 相似文献
8.
2003年夏季中国第二次北极科学考察期间,在北冰洋楚科奇海陆架、楚科奇海台、陆坡流区、门捷列夫海岭和加拿大海盆等不同区域进行了200 m以浅海水和部分观察站沉积物表层叶绿素a浓度的现场观测。结果表明,观测水体叶绿素α浓度变化范围为0.002～39.008 μg/dm3。表层浓度分布范围为0.037～4.644 μg/dm3,平均值为0.612 μg/dm3;高叶绿素α浓度出现在水深20～30 m的次表层水。叶绿素α浓度分布具有明显的区域性特征,水柱平均浓度的次序为楚科奇海陆架区>陆坡流区>楚科奇海台区>加拿大海盆区>门捷列夫海岭区。表层沉积物叶绿素α浓度从未能检出～3.978 μg/g(湿重),平均浓度为0.954 μg/g(湿重),表现为沉积物表层的浓度高于下层,陆架和陆坡流区的浓度高于海岭区以及海台和海盆区的分布特征。 相似文献
9.
氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
卤族元素是人体的必需元素，正常情况下成人摄入量不超过：F 4 mg/d、Cl 1.7～5.1 g/d、I 100～200μg/d；少年不超过F 3 mg/d，儿童I 1μg/kg－d，婴儿Cl 0.3～1.2 g/d。过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素，都可能导致疾病的发生。而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、Cl＜50mg/L、Br＞100 μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水，有利于人体健康。 相似文献
10.
巯基棉分离富集-荧光分光光度法测定地下水中的痕量硒 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
在盐酸介质中,利用巯基棉分离富集地下水中痕量硒,然后在HC l-HNO3混合酸溶液及沸水浴加热条件下解脱富集的硒。通过测定2,3-二氨基萘与Se(Ⅳ)反应生成4,5-苯并苤硒脑的荧光强度,进而实现地下水中痕量硒的测定。实验表明,荧光光度法测定硒的线性范围为0~1.0μg,最低检测浓度为0.03μg/L,应用此法测定0.1μg/L硒的地下水,相对标准偏差小于7%,回收率达91%~105%,可满足地下水中硒的测定要求。 相似文献
11.
苯系污染物(苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯)是环境中重点优先监测的致癌污染物。文章介绍了近年来国内外在水环境中苯系污染物的分析研究进展,内容主要包括:胶束电动毛细管色谱法(MECC)、吹扫捕集-气相色谱法(PT-GC)、吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用法(PT-GC-MS)、顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)-便携式微火焰离子化(portable GC-μFID)等联测分析技术与方法。 相似文献
12.
S. Y. Kim Y. H. Yoon K. S. Kim 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(9):2189-2198
An activated carbon-impregnated cellulose filter was fabricated, and the capacity to remove dust and volatile organic compounds was evaluated in a laboratory. The adsorption capacities for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and m-xylene gases were compared by an adsorption isotherm test conducted as a preliminary test, showing that m-xylene and benzene were the most and least favorable for adsorption onto activated carbon, respectively. Cellulose filters were made with four levels of activated carbon contents, and dust removal was performed with all of the filters showing 99 % and higher efficiencies stable with a small variation during the experiment. Activated carbon content of 5 g in the unit filter area (125 g/m2) was found optimum for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene removal, as it appeared that higher than 5 g activated carbon content was unnecessary for the improvement of its capacity. With increasing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene loading, the highest removal rates were determined as 0.33–0.37 mg/cm2 s for as short as 0.0046 s of air filter residence time. The rapid removal was possible because of the high surface area of the activated carbon-impregnated cellulose filter provided by powdered activated carbon, which is distinguished from the granular form in conventional activated carbon towers. As fixed within a cellulose scaffolding structure, the powdered activated carbon performed excellent benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene adsorption (98.9–100 %), and at the same time, particular matters were removed in average 99.7 % efficiency after being filtered through the cellulose filter sheet. 相似文献
13.
芳香族分子示踪在海洋油气勘探中的开发和应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
苯 (benzene)、甲苯 (toluene)、乙苯 (ethylbenzene)和二甲苯 (xylene) (缩写为BTEX)等单环芳烃化合物是原油的主要成分。地层水中苯的痕量分布作为油气藏分子示踪的研究 ,得到国外石油地球化学家们的广泛重视。Burtell等人利用测试海洋石油钻井附近地层水中苯系化合物的含量确定新井位 ,在海洋油气资源勘探方面获得了巨大成功。文中主要介绍了国内在海洋石油勘探的随钻检测和面积化探中应用该类指标的效果和相关方法。通过渤中凹陷试验区取得的地球化学成果 ,验证并揭示了芳香族化合物中分子量级的BTEX指标与油气藏的关系。BTEX指标异常与油气藏直接相关 ,与烷烃类指标相比具有高分辨、高精度特点 ,是有价值的海洋油气地球化学勘探指标。BETX指标应用的关键是高精度测试出样品中芳香族化合物的分子级含量 ,激光单原子高技术为该技术的应用提供了技术保证。在油气资源勘探中 ,利用此指标 ,结合测井、地震等地球物理方法综合分析研究可以减小多解性 ,获得较好的预测效果。 相似文献
14.
汽油污染含水层中芳香烃的自然去除与生物降解特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
石油烃污染地下水是一个普遍而严重的环境问题.用砂卵石、中粗砂、细砂、粉砂和粘土等在实验室内按照自然界沉积物层序制作了一个含水层物理模型,具有给水、排水、监测、抽提、淋滤与注入等功能.利用该模型开展石油烃污染地下水的特征研究结果表明,苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene;BTEX)各溶解组分能够被自然去除,其中甲苯自然衰减的速率系数为0.057 5～0.150 4 d-1,二甲苯为0.068 3～0.104 6 d,乙苯大约为0.047 8 d,苯为O.017 8～0.040 6 d.甲苯与二甲苯容易被去除,然而苯的去除则需要较长的时间.作为BTEX去除反应的电子受体,溶解氧、硝酸盐在需氧或厌氧条件下具有优先利用的机会,而硫酸盐则缺乏优先利用的机会.BTEX溶解组分浓度的降低,加上电子受体浓度的降低,可以表明含水层存在需氧条件与硝酸盐还原条件下的内在生物降解作用.其意义在于通过增加含水层中电子受体的浓度,将有助于内在生物降解能力的增强,从而能够提高含水层中污染物去除的效果. 相似文献
15.
The distribution of Cu, Co, As and Fe was studied downstream from mines and deposits in the Idaho Cobalt Belt (ICB), the largest Co resource in the USA. To evaluate potential contamination in ecosystems in the ICB, mine waste, stream sediment, soil, and water were collected and analyzed for Cu, Co, As and Fe in this area. Concentrations of Cu in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines in the ICB ranged from 390 to 19,000 μg/g, exceeding the USEPA target clean-up level and the probable effect concentration (PEC) for Cu of 149 μg/g in sediment; PEC is the concentration above which harmful effects are likely in sediment dwelling organisms. In addition concentrations of Cu in mine runoff and stream water collected proximal to mines were highly elevated in the ICB and exceeded the USEPA chronic criterion for aquatic organisms of 6.3 μg/L (at a water hardness of 50 mg/L) and an LC50 concentration for rainbow trout of 14 μg/L for Cu in water. Concentrations of Co in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines varied from 14 to 7400 μg/g and were highly elevated above regional background concentrations, and generally exceeded the USEPA target clean-up level of 80 μg/g for Co in sediment. Concentrations of Co in water were as high as in 75,000 μg/L in the ICB, exceeding an LC50 of 346 μg/L for rainbow trout for Co in water by as much as two orders of magnitude, likely indicating an adverse effect on trout. Mine waste and stream sediment collected in the ICB also contained highly elevated As concentrations that varied from 26 to 17,000 μg/g, most of which exceeded the PEC of 33 μg/g and the USEPA target clean-up level of 35 μg/g for As in sediment. Conversely, most water samples had As concentrations that were below the 150 μg/L chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms and the USEPA target clean-up level of 14 μg/L. There is abundant Fe oxide in streams in the ICB and several samples of mine runoff and stream water exceeded the chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms of 1000 μg/L for Fe. There has been extensive remediation of mined areas in the ICB, but because some mine waste remaining in the area contains highly elevated Cu, Co, As and Fe, inhalation or ingestion of mine waste particulates may lead to human exposure to these elements. 相似文献
16.
巯基棉富集—大口径毛细管气相色谱法测定水样中痕量烷基汞 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了巯基棉富集-大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法测定环境水中痕量烷基汞的分析方法,并与玻璃填充柱色谱分离烷基汞进行了对比。取1000ml环境水样时,本法的检出限为:甲基汞(MMC)0.5pg;乙基汞(EMC)0.7pg。 相似文献
17.
W. Tala S. Chantara S. Thiansem M. Rayanakorn 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(7):1685-1696
A simple and low-cost passive sampler for collection of volatile organic compounds, specifically benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), from the ambient air has been developed by using cow bone char (CBC) as an adsorbent with desorption by solvent extraction prior to analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The laboratory-made CBC was prepared by calcination process in a partially oxidative atmosphere. The developed passive sampler was tested for a suitable amount of CBC used, diffusion tube type and size, and sampling duration, in a closed chamber saturated with each of the BTEX vapors. With the optimum amount of 250 mg CBC packed in a glass bottle (82.6 mm height × 11.1 mm i.d.) and the exposure time of 168 h, detection limits (µg/m3) for BTEX determination using this developed sampler together with GC–MS were 0.28 (benzene), 0.79 (toluene), 0.58 (ethylbenzene), 0.28 (p-xylene) and 0.54 (o-xylene). The proposed method was applied to sampling BTEX from selected petrol stations, traffic congestion areas and a rural area in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The BTEX concentrations detected were well correlated with their sources as they were the highest at the petrol station sites, lower at the traffic congestion area sites and the lowest at the rural area site. The laboratory-made passive sampler containing CBC has thus opened up a possibility of having a simple and effective device for sampling of BTEX in the ambient air. 相似文献
18.
A metal plating facility in central Kentucky was required to complete a RCRA Facility Investigation to address a number of
Solid Waste Management Units at the site. Twenty monitoring wells were installed at the facility. Ground water from the wells
was sampled for total and dissolved metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, acid extractable compounds, base neutral compounds,
and volatile organic compounds. Unexpectedly, relatively large concentrations of benzene, up to 120 μg/l, were detected in
samples from some of the wells, including wells that should have been hydraulically upgradient from the facility. As a result
of the detection of benzene, the facility completed an investigation to identify the source. A nearby facility had completed
a gasoline underground storage tank (UST) closure at about the time of the installation of the 20 wells. Reportedly the UST
had small holes when removed. Three potential pathways of migration (a ditch, sanitary sewer, and a sink hole) from the nearby
facility to the metal-plating facility and residual soils with very large concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene,
and xylenes have been identified. 相似文献
19.
Transport of BTEX Vapours Through Granular Soils with Different Moisture Contents in the Vadose Zone
The single-ring aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene (BTEX) are common and dangerous pollutants in subsurface environments. The diffusive transport of BTEX vapours through
the unsaturated zone of the ground is a potential health hazard to humans, living in the vicinity of petroleum fuel contaminated
sites. Past studies have shown that gas transport through the vadose zone can be influenced by moisture content due to variations
in gaseous permeability, phase partitioning and aerobic biodegradation. In this particular study laboratory soil column experiments
were employed to compare the diffusive transport of BTEX vapours through a sand layer of high moisture content, where biodegradation
of BTEX compounds occurred, with diffusion through air-dried sand. The presence of a thin soil layer of high moisture content
reduced the gaseous concentrations of benzene and toluene and stopped the migration of ethylbenzene and m-xylene vapours, demonstrating its efficiency as a barrier on the diffusive transport of BTEX vapours in unsaturated soil. 相似文献
20.
地下水中钙和镁的离子色谱法同时测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
改进了离子色谱分析地下水中钙和镁的方法。以IonPac CS12A为分离柱,稀盐酸为淋洗液,电导检测器检测,对地下水中的锂、钾、钠、钙和镁进行同时测定。方法具有较宽的线性范围和较高的灵敏度,钙、镁的浓度分别在0～500mg/L和0～250mg/L内呈良好的线性关系;钙的检出限为1.50μg/L,镁的检出限为0.89μg/L。对不同浓度钙、镁水质标准样品进行分析测定,同时对实际样品进行不同稀释倍数分析验证,方法精密度(RSD,n=8)为0.19%～1.89%,无显著的基体效应影响。方法可满足全国地下水调查评价规范要求,适于地下水样品中锂、钾、钠、钙和镁离子的同时测定。 相似文献