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将任意挡墙水平变位模式分解为抛物线柔性模式和梯形刚性模式,并通过求解平面应变方程,得到挡墙在抛物线柔性变位模式下的理论解,给出地表土体的沉降曲线,分析土体沉降规律,同时将理论解应用于工程案例分析,通过与4个基坑开挖实例沉降归一化曲线的对比,分析解的适用性。结果显示,当挡墙发生抛物线变位模式时,地表沉降整体规律为向下凹槽型,最大沉降发生在距离墙背一定距离处,与实际情况相符。理论解形式表明,最终的表达式与弹性参量无关;归一化的沉降曲线显示,理论预测的最大沉降位置与实测值接近,且土体沉降模式与实测结果一致,说明理论解是合理的。 相似文献
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针对在建基坑工程对既有桥梁造成影响的问题,依托徐州土岩组合地区某地铁基坑工程,通过研究软土地区基坑开挖墙后地表沉降预测理论,推导出该工程的墙后地表沉降曲线。通过Midas数值软件模拟与现场监测综合分析的方法,研究了基坑开挖对墙后地表和扩展基础桥墩造成的沉降影响。研究表明:在整个开挖过程中,基坑周边地表沉降曲线呈"勺形"分布,第三层土体开挖对地表沉降的影响最大;桥墩与相同位置地表在各开挖阶段的沉降量分别占其最终沉降量的比例基本一致;基坑开挖对桥墩造成的倾斜角度会随桥墩下卧土体沉降曲线的变化而变化,桥墩受基坑开挖造成的沉降影响会随其基础埋深的增加而减弱。该研究可为类似工程设计和施工提供参考。 相似文献
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等厚度水泥土搅拌墙技术即TRD工法,近年来在深基坑工程中得到了广泛应用。以上海国际金融中心基坑工程开展的0.7 m厚、8 m宽、56.7 m深TRD成墙试验为背景,采用有限元方法,并基于土体小应变本构模型对其成墙过程进行了模拟,得到了土体侧向位移和地表沉降曲线,并与实测数据进行了对比。结果表明,距离墙体5 m处两者的土体侧向位移曲线基本一致,而距离墙体1.4 m处的土体侧向位移在深度大于20 m后的计算结果较实测值偏小;地表沉降在靠近墙体处最大,随着距墙体的距离增大而逐渐减小。最后分析了成墙深度对地表沉降和土体侧向变形的影响,结果表明,深度越深,引起的土体侧向变形和地表沉降也越大。通过不同成墙深度引起的地表沉降归一化曲线可看出,TRD成墙引起的最大地表沉降约为0.05%H（H为成墙深度）,沉降影响区域约为1.8H。 相似文献
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在对地表变形产生的沉降槽的研究中,通常将土性参数看作确定值,并且假定沉降槽是关于隧道轴线对称的,这样往往忽略了土体的非均质性特点,对沉降槽的假定也偏于理想化。为此,借助随机场的计算机模拟方法,在引入曲线偏移量对经典Peck公式改进的基础上,开展Monte-Carlo随机分析,分析土体弹性模量空间变异性对沉降槽曲线的影响。研究结果表明:(1)引入曲线偏移量是可行的,并且可以表现沉降槽在隧道轴线位置的不对称性;(2)土体弹性模量空间变异性对沉降槽的形态影响不明显,但对沉降槽宽度、最大沉降值和最大沉降位置有重要影响。 相似文献
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将隧道周围土体视为均质连续各向同性的饱和弹性介质,采用保角变换的方法将含有隧道的半无限平面映射为同心圆环计算域。根据Terzaghi-Rendulic二维固结理论,建立隧道在不透水的情况下周围土体超孔隙水压力分布的控制方程。然后,采用分离变量法计算得到土体超孔隙水压力分布的解析解,最后,根据弹性理论计算得出隧道中线上方地表固结沉降的计算公式。结合算例,分析盾构施工扰动程度、土体渗透系数、土体弹性模量及隧道埋深等因素对隧道中心上方地表处固结沉降的影响。研究结果表明,地表固结沉降的增加值与隧道外侧初始超孔隙水压力值C0的变化量成正比例关系,施工扰动程度越大所引起的固结沉降越大;土体的渗透系数越大固结沉降速度越快,但土体的渗透系数与最终的地表固结沉降量无关;土体的弹性模量越大,最终的地表固结沉降量越小;隧道埋深越深,地表固结沉降所需时间越长,最终的地表固结沉降量也越大。 相似文献
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以厦门吕厝站地铁基坑开挖工程为工程原型,采用分离相似设计方法确定了模型试验所需要关键参数的相似比,制作了异形基坑试验模型,并设计了合理的监测系统。通过模拟基坑实际的开挖过程,根据取得的监测数据,分析了地表沉降、地连墙变形和受力等变化规律。结果表明:与基坑边缘距离越大,地表沉降影响越小,且墙体边长及开挖深度越大沉降越显著;地表沉降曲线形式与沉降数值大小有关,基坑开挖表现出明显的空间效应和角隅效应,地表沉降主要发生在坑内土体开挖阶段;随开挖的进行,土层卸荷对地表沉降影响逐渐减小,地连墙弯矩大小与开挖深度呈正相关,最大弯矩值出现在基坑最深开挖面附近。 相似文献
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准确预测并及时控制软土地层矩形顶管掘进过程中引起的地表隆沉,可有效降低掘进施工对紧邻结构设施的影响。结合弹性力学Mindlin解和随机介质理论,进一步考虑顶管开挖面附加推力、非均匀分布且具有软化特性的机体-土体侧摩阻力、受触变泥浆特性影响的管节与土体间的侧摩阻力,管节附加注浆压力及基于开挖面收敛模式的土体损失共同作用,推导得到矩形顶管掘进期间地表隆沉位移解析解。经与3个工程算例的实测结果进行对比分析,发现所提方法可预测矩形顶管在软土地层掘进引起的地表隆沉变形规律。分析结果表明：顶管开挖面前方地表表现为隆起;随着顶管开挖面的远离,摩阻力、注浆压力对地表的影响逐渐减小,开挖面后方地表主要受土体损失作用发生沉降;土体损失引起的地表沉降量受开挖面收敛模式影响。 相似文献
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针对刚性挡墙不同变位模式,对基坑开挖过程中地表沉陷规律进行模型试验研究。开展的模型试验分别模拟了挡墙在平移（T模式）、绕墙趾转动（RB模式）和绕墙顶转动（RT模式）3种基本刚性变位模式下诱发的墙后地表沉陷,得到了土体沉陷曲线的分布规律。结果表明,挡墙平移时,墙后地表沉降呈勺型分布,最大沉降紧靠墙背处;挡墙绕墙趾转动时,墙后地表沉降近似呈三角形分布,最大沉降紧靠墙背处;挡墙绕墙顶转动时,墙后地表沉降近似呈抛物线分布,最大沉降位于距墙背一定距离的位置处。挡墙变位距离相同时,对于绕墙趾和绕墙顶转动模式,墙后土体沉陷的面积基本相等,两者沉陷面积之和近似等于平移模式的土体沉陷面积,另外,挡墙变位面积与墙后土体沉陷面积也近乎一致。将试验观察的沉陷曲线与既有的解析解作了对比分析,验证了二者的一致性。 相似文献
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隧道掘进机（TBM）近年来在世界范围内得到了广泛应用,通常通过完全充满压力仓的泥土或泥浆来支护开挖面。但在较差的地层和水力条件下,开挖面失稳时有发生。事实上,TBM开挖面的支护压力的大小直接决定了施工安全及地表变形。基于所建立的开挖面支护压力计算模型,并考虑复合地层下土体分层带来的影响,通过计算机编程方法,建立了界面友好、使用便捷的开挖面支护压力可视化计算平台(TBM Studio);并结合阿拉斯加隧道、钱江隧道工程实例进行了不同模型结果的验证分析,给出了各模型计算结果的差异性;讨论了软土复合地层条件下,土体自稳性对开挖面稳定的影响,认为软土地层中定量确定有效支护压力和水头高度至关重要,研究为正确评价TBM开挖面稳定性提供了相应的计算模型。 相似文献
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结合理论推导和对工程实测数据的整理分析,对天然场地和存在邻近建筑物时2种情况下的墙后地表沉降形态进行了对比分析,采用上海软土地区墙后地表沉降经验公式,对存在建筑物超载情况下的地表沉降曲线进行了良好的拟合,直观地表示出地表沉降槽的大小及形状、墙后最大沉降点的位置等。结果表明,邻近建筑物的存在能显著改变天然场地的地表沉降曲线形态,是否考虑建筑物存在的影响,将影响到对基坑及周边环境安全状态进行正确的评价和预测。 相似文献
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A case history of Tunnel Boring Machine jamming in an inter-layer shear zone at the Yellow River Diversion Project in China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This is a case study of a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) jamming in a section of the Connection Works No. 7 tunnel of the Yellow River Diversion Project (YRDP) in China. Analysis of tunnel lithology, rock convergence by shearing, rock strength and ground stress, indicates that a high rate of convergence within an inter-layer shear zone in the lower part of an anticline was a dominant factor in the jamming. In addition, the shield encountered unfavorable tunnelling conditions in the form of wet clay, groundwater inflow, and cavities, coincident with tensile stresses in the lower part of an adjacent syncline. Based on these diagnoses, economical and quick measures were adopted, including additional excavation outside of the shield leaving free space to release the TBM. After 9 days of being jammed, the TBM was totally released and resumed normal excavation. This example highlights lessons learned from folding and inter-layer shear zone in TBM tunnelling. 相似文献
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Ebrahim Farrokh Jamal Rostami Chris Laughton 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(4):431-445
Estimation of advance rate and utilization of tunnel boring machines (TBM) are some of the important steps in planning a TBM
tunneling project. Estimation of the utilization factor depends on realistic analysis of downtime components. Among the different
parameters influencing TBM downtime, tunnel support is the most influential factor, which can take up to 50% of the total
excavation time in some cases. Although, there are some rock mass classification systems specifically developed to link ground
conditions with the type and amount of support installed in TBM tunneling, the related downtime for support installation has
not been studied in detail. Unit supporting time (UST) is the time required for the installation of ground support per unit
length of tunnel. Support installation time (SIT) is the time required for installation of a single ground support element.
In this paper, approximate ranges of UST and SIT are discussed and analyzed on the basis of recorded ground SIT from a number
of TBM tunneling projects. The primary goal of this paper is to link UST with rock mass classifications that have been specifically
developed to assess ground support requirements for different tunnel sections using open-type TBM. An accurate estimate of
UST and SIT allows for realistic determination of the related downtime and TBM utilization rate. 相似文献
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When planning a TBM drive in squeezing ground, the tunnelling engineer faces a complex problem involving a number of conflicting
factors. In this respect, numerical analyses represent a helpful decision aid as they provide a quantitative assessment of
the effects of key parameters. The present paper investigates the interaction between the shield, ground and tunnel support
by means of computational analysis. Emphasis is placed on the boundary condition, which is applied to model the interface
between the ground and the shield or tunnel support. The paper also discusses two cases, which illustrate different methodical
approaches applied to the assessment of a TBM drive in squeezing ground. The first case history—the Uluabat Tunnel (Turkey)—mainly
involves the investigation of TBM design measures aimed at reducing the risk of shield jamming. The second case history—the
Faido Section of the Gotthard Base Tunnel (Switzerland)—deals with different types of tunnel support installed behind a gripper
TBM. 相似文献
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Settling rates of natural sand-size particles are influenced, to some extent, by their shapes and this may be an important factor in using settling rates to estimate grain size. In order to gauge the sensitivity of this influence, two natural sand populations from the Mesozoic Nubian Sandstones of Southern Israel, with a high probability of being similar in their bulk shape characteristics, were examined in ¼φ sieved fractions for their shape characteristics and settling rates. Fine surface features (roundness and surface roughness) were evaluated using Fourier shape analytical methods. Significant differences in bulk shape were detected and their influence on settling rates was measured empirically in a settling tube. The most marked differences were in the coarse grain sizes and, to a lesser extent, in the intermediate sizes. Sampling of raw settling data at closely-spaced time intervals yielded high-resolution grain size frequency plots which were usually polymodal in nature. Subtle shape contrasts, which are an important influence on settling rates, are thus an important consideration when working at this level of sensitivity. Natural sand populations which have followed a more varied provenance or process pathway could be expected to have even greater contrasts in settling rates than the samples analysed here. Thus it is recommended that the bulk shape factor should be taken into account in order to minimize errors in the conversion of settling times to grain size. An easy method, outlined in this paper, is through the establishment of an empirically derived calibration curve for each individual suite of sand undergoing analysis. Sieved ¼φ samples, derived from a split of the total composite sample undergoing analysis, forms the basis of the calibration and hence a correction factor converting sieve diameters to true diameters must be applied. In this research, nominal section diameters were obtained optically through an image analyser. 相似文献
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Mehmet Ozcelik 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3437-3449
Mechanized tunnelling is a well-established tunnel construction method which allows constructing tunnels in various conditions including mixed ground conditions as well as tunnels in vulnerable urban areas. The selection of the excavator suitable for the geological structure is important in terms of realizing an efficient tunnel excavation. Tunnel excavation studies of Istanbul Kabatas–Mecidiyeköy Metro tunnels are implemented as a double tube. Geology in this section is composed of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone interbedded or as separate units along with dyke intrusions. Calcareous clay, clayey limestone, clayey sand are also rarely observed. Between the Kabatas–Mecidiyekoy tunnels includes two types of mechanical excavation methods namely tunnel boring machine (TBM) and new Austrian tunnelling method (NATM). Main purpose of this study is mixed ground and their impacts on mechanized tunnelling. At the end, some issues have been presented which seems to be important for the success of TBM and NATM in the mixed grounds. As the tunnel excavation studies continued, the problem of collapse on the ground surface of Barbaros Boulevard in Besiktas station increased the importance of tunnel excavation under mixed ground conditions. 相似文献
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为研究挤压地层双护盾隧道掘进机（TBM）作用下围岩变形及应力场特征,采用FLAC3D建立了完整模型,并详细阐述了隧道掘进机（TBM）施工过程中的模拟方法,重点分析了隧洞纵横断面内围岩位移场、应力场、塑性区特征。模拟结果表明,两腰下部范围内的围岩与TBM护盾发生接触并产生挤压,拱顶并未接触;受刀盘与护盾连接处的尺寸高差和前后护盾的锥度影响导致仰拱围岩内出现3次加卸载,仰拱内部环向应力和径向应力均大于拱顶和两腰,而且其主应力方向与径向线斜交,受扰动剧烈,但仰拱下方70°范围内的围岩基本处于弹性状态;横向断面内围岩塑性区自上而下逐渐减小,且距掌子面越远塑性区范围越大,但后盾塑性区范围变化不大。 相似文献
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岩碴是岩-机作用的直接产物,也是评价隧道掘进机（TBM）破岩效率和优化TBM掘进参数的有效指标。依托兰州水源地建设工程和龙岩万安溪引水工程,开展不同岩性条件下TBM岩碴筛分试验,得到了岩碴粒径分布规律。基于新表面理论,从滚刀破岩能量转化角度出发,提出了一种新的TBM破岩效率评价指标。基于岩碴粒径分布规律和TBM掘进参数统计,探讨了新表面理论指标与比能、岩碴粗糙度指数之间的关系,指出了新表面理论指标在反映岩碴破碎程度和评价TBM破岩效率方面的优势。对新表面理论指标与TBM掘进推力以及刀间距s与贯入度p的比值进行回归分析,得到了硬岩（围岩等级为Ⅱ级）和软岩（围岩等级为III级）掘进条件下的TBM最优掘进推力和s/p取值区间。研究表明：（1）新表面理论指标符合岩石破碎学原理,可准确评价TBM破岩效率。岩碴越是破碎,新表面理论指标越大,掘进能耗越高,此时TBM破岩效率相对较低。（2）新表面理论指标与比能、岩碴粗糙度指数均具有良好的线性相关关系。岩碴越是破碎,破碎单位体积岩石的能量消耗越大,新表面理论指标越大,对应的粗糙度指数越小。软岩掘进条件下TBM掘进比能低于硬岩,而岩碴破碎程度高于硬岩。（... 相似文献
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地裂缝是西安市典型的城市地质灾害，地下水位的变化是诱发地裂缝活动的重要因素。以西安地铁六号线暗挖段施工降水为研究背景，基于有限元数值模拟计算，分析了地裂缝场地施工降水引起的地表沉降规律和地层应力变化特征。计算结果表明:当地下水位下降时，地表沉降量上盘大于下盘，地裂缝带两侧地表存在差异沉降的现象，最大差异沉降量与地下水位下降深度近似呈直线关系；不同位置处地表的横向沉降呈现出"Z"形的变化特征，差异沉降区随地裂缝位置的变动而变化，且差异沉降量与横向地表位置近似呈二次函数曲线关系；地层竖向应力随着地下水位下降而增大，地裂缝位置处地层应力存在突变现象，上下盘应力影响区与地层深度近似呈三次函数曲线关系；基于分层总和法计算了地下水位下降时地表沉降量的解析解，并与数值模拟结果进行对比，发现两种方法计算结果基本一致，得到了计算地表最大沉降量的经验公式。研究结果可为地裂缝场地地铁隧道及其他地下工程安全施工提供科学指导。 相似文献