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1.
埃塞俄比亚北部施瑞地区具有造山前、造山期和造山后3种花岗岩类型,全岩Sm-Nd等时线测年结果表明,造山前和造山后花岗岩成岩年龄分别为824.4±15.5Ma和517.9±5.8Ma.3类花岗岩主量元素和稀土微量元素成分存在明显差异,其中造山前花岗岩属于低钾过铝质花岗岩,稀土分配模式属轻稀土弱富集型,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损P和Ti高场强元素;造山期花岗岩为准铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩,稀土分配模式属轻稀土富集型,富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素;造山后花岗岩为弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩,稀土分配模式具强烈铕亏损的海鸥型,富集大离子亲石元素,明显亏损P和Ti高场强元素.综合研究表明:造山前和造山期花岗岩均为I型幔源花岗岩,构造环境处于被动大陆边缘-火山岛弧环境;造山后花岗岩为A2型壳源主花岗岩,是在洋盆关闭和阿拉伯-努比亚地盾成熟后,由减薄的地壳部分熔融产生.  相似文献   

2.
埃塞俄比亚北部施瑞地区具有造山前、造山期和造山后3种花岗岩类型, 全岩Sm-Nd等时线测年结果表明, 造山前和造山后花岗岩成岩年龄分别为824.4±15.5 Ma和517.9±5.8 Ma.3类花岗岩主量元素和稀土微量元素成分存在明显差异, 其中造山前花岗岩属于低钾过铝质花岗岩, 稀土分配模式属轻稀土弱富集型, 富集大离子亲石元素, 亏损P和Ti高场强元素;造山期花岗岩为准铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩, 稀土分配模式属轻稀土富集型, 富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素;造山后花岗岩为弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩, 稀土分配模式具强烈铕亏损的海鸥型, 富集大离子亲石元素, 明显亏损P和Ti高场强元素.综合研究表明: 造山前和造山期花岗岩均为I型幔源花岗岩, 构造环境处于被动大陆边缘-火山岛弧环境;造山后花岗岩为A2型壳源主花岗岩, 是在洋盆关闭和阿拉伯-努比亚地盾成熟后, 由减薄的地壳部分熔融产生.   相似文献   

3.
元宝山矿区内侵入岩分布广泛.中侏罗世碱长花岗岩与二长花岗岩同源且属同一岩体,以高硅、高钾、富碱、低钙、准铝一弱过铝质为特征,具中等含量的稀土元素丰度值,轻稀土明显富集、重稀土相对平坦,负铕异常强烈,属A型花岗岩,是下地壳物质经部分熔融作用在造山后的伸展机制背景下形成的.晚侏罗世花岗斑岩与流纹斑岩SiO2含量稍低,Al2O3含量偏高且变化范围大,A/CNK显示其为过铝质花岗岩,具S型花岗岩的典型特征,是下地壳发生深融作用并混入少量地幔物质,形成于碰撞后的构造环境中.区内具铅锌矿化、银矿化、钼矿化,流纹斑岩体为其成矿母岩.  相似文献   

4.
Ibitiara岩体出露在南美巴西中东部巴伊亚州Sao Francisco克拉通内,岩性为花岗闪长岩,属于壳幔岩浆混合作用形成的准铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩。地球化学研究表明该花岗闪长岩富集Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE)和不相容元素U、Th等,强烈亏损高场强元素(HFSE) Nb、P、Ti等,为富硅、高钾钙碱性岩系列,稀土元素显示轻微负Eu异常,轻重稀土分馏相对明显,富集轻稀土,配分曲线呈明显右倾稀土配分模式。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测试Ibitiara岩体形成年代为2 103±8 Ma,为古元古代层侵纪晚期-造山纪早期岩浆活动的产物。该岩体形成年龄与亚马逊构造旋回(2.1 Ga±)岩浆活动区域构造背景相呼应,可能为哥伦比亚超大陆聚合增生大西洋陆块群岩浆活动的产物。  相似文献   

5.
哈达特陶勒盖铅锌矿床处于华北板块与西伯利亚板块交汇部位,是二连浩特-东乌珠穆沁旗多金属成矿带中新发现 的一个中型铅锌矿床。矿区内与Pb-Zn矿化有关的花岗岩为隐伏岩体,LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 定年显示,花岗岩侵入时间为 （125±4.3）Ma,属于燕山期岩浆活动产物。岩石地球化学分析表明,花岗岩具有高硅、高碱（大部分Na相似文献   

6.
东昆仑五龙沟花岗岩特征及其构造背景   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
根据岩石学、地球化学等特征及MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,对东昆仑五龙沟地区花岗岩进行了构造环境研究。黄龙沟中粒正长花岗岩具有高硅、高碱、相对富铝、高FeOt/MgO和104Ga/Al值、富集轻稀土、明显的Eu负异常、相对原始地幔明显富集Zr、Ga、Y和Hf等高场强元素并强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P和Ti元素的特征,为A型花岗岩。锆石U-Pb法获得206Pb/238U值加权平均年龄为416.9±1.3 Ma,是早古生代晚志留世造山旋回末后造山碰撞产物,标志晚志留世东昆仑造山旋回进入造山后碰撞阶段。岩金沟矿区东花岗闪长岩为典型准铝质钙碱性花岗岩,具有I型花岗岩稀土元素特征,为I型花岗岩,形成年龄为258.9±2.1 Ma,属于昆南断裂结束后、于晚二叠世开始南区巴颜喀拉地体与昆中区南昆仑地体间发生强烈的壳幔剪切作用的产物。  相似文献   

7.
西准噶尔地区广泛发育晚古生代后碰撞花岗岩,年龄多集中于300Ma左右,在时代上属于晚石炭世,A型花岗岩具有具有高硅、低铝、富碱、准铝质-弱过铝质、贫钙、低镁,10000×Ga/Al比值较大,强烈富集高场强元素(HFSE)及Zr、Y、Ga等元素,Sr、Ba强烈亏损,稀土配分模式图呈现典型的右倾“海鸥型”等,并且在A1—A2型花岗岩判别图解显示具有典型的铝质A型的A2型花岗岩特征,表明A型花岗岩可能是年轻地壳(洋壳和岛弧)部分熔融形成的美云闪长-花岗闪长岩质岩浆经进一步分离结晶作用的产物,具备规模成矿的条件.  相似文献   

8.
本文对大兴安岭北部喀喇其花岗斑岩体进行了岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学的研究,探讨了其形成的构造背景。结果表明:喀喇其花岗斑岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为132 Ma±1 Ma,表明其形成时代应为早白垩世晚期;岩石具有高钾钙碱性系列,过铝质特征;稀土元素属于轻稀土富集型,分布模式为右倾、左陡右平型式,具有较明显的Eu负异常特征。认为该花岗岩为铝质A型花岗岩,属于地壳岩石部分熔融的产物;该期岩浆侵位活动受蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造体系影响,形成于后造山大陆弧或后碰撞弧环境。  相似文献   

9.
琼北地区花岗岩出露较少,多零星分布在翁田镇至大致坡镇一带。本次研究选取该区域的翁田岩体为研究对象,通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,限定该岩体形成时代为245.1±2.4Ma,属于中三叠世。翁田岩体主要岩性为中粒斑状黑云母正长花岗岩,属于高钾钙碱性系列,具有高SiO2(74.57~76.15wt%)、高碱(Na2O+K2O=7.15~8.48wt%)、低MgO(0.19~0.31wt%)的特征,属于准铝质-过铝质花岗岩。岩石轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具强的负Eu异常,富集大离子亲石元素如Rb、Th、U、K等,明显亏损Nb、Ta,强烈亏损Ba、Ti、Sr、P,具高10^4Ga/Al、FeOt/MgO、K2O/Na2O比值和高(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)含量,具有铝质A型花岗岩特征。结合区域资料,翁田铝质A型花岗岩的出现,表明海南岛在中三叠世处于伸展环境。  相似文献   

10.
冈底斯带谷露区中新世花岗岩地球化学特征及构造环境   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
谷露花岗岩是冈底斯构造带上念青唐古拉花岗岩的一部分,分布在当雄-拉萨大型北北东向伸展断裂两侧。岩石类型主要有斑状花岗闪长岩、巨斑黑云母花岗岩、黑云二长花岗岩、含石榴石花岗岩等。花岗岩同位素K-Ar测年结果在11 Ma左右,形成于中新世。花岗岩具有富硅、铝和碱,贫铁、镁、钙的特点,为准铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩。花岗岩轻稀土富集,重稀土相对亏损,具有较明显的负铕异常。岩石相对富集不相容元素（LILE）,贫化高场强元素（HFSE）,在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上显示Rb、Th强烈富集,Nb与Ta亏损近似,Ba、Sr 和Ti强烈亏损的特点。谷露中新世花岗岩形成于后碰撞构造环境,与该区地壳东西向拉伸阶段的构造环境有关,是碰撞造山后地壳伸展、快速隆升背景下减压深熔的结果。  相似文献   

11.
利用GC-MS（气相色谱—质谱仪）,对采自湖北清江流域和尚洞洞顶的土壤样品与洞内石笋样品进行分析,发现土壤中存在的七个系列单甲基支链烷烃在所有的石笋样品中均可以找到,呈现相似的分布模式,石笋中七个系列支链烷烃有可能来自洞穴滴水携带的土壤中的支链烷烃,但是也不能排除石笋原地生长的微生物的贡献。烷基环己烷的分布在土壤与石笋中呈现了相似的分布模式,但是主峰碳数有所变化,高碳数部分与低碳数部分的相对含量也发生了变化。主要原因可能是微生物选择性降解的结果,也有可能是土壤与石笋中微生物种类分布差异所造成的。本次研究初步显示了相对封闭稳定的洞穴沉积物与上覆土壤层中生物标志化合物的异同。   相似文献   

12.
The dissolution of H2O and CO2 in structurally dense, nominally anhydrous and non-carbonate oxide matrices such as MgO and CaO is reviewed. H2O and CO2 are treated as gaseous oxide components which enter into solid solution with the refractory oxide hosts. They form anion complexes associated with cation vacancy sites. Evidence is presented that OH? pairs which derive from the dissolution of H2O are subject to a charge transfer (CT) conversion into peroxy moieties and molecular hydrogen, O 2 2? ... H2. Because the O 2 2? moiety is small (O?-O? distance ≈ 1.5 Å) high pressure probably favors the CT conversion. Mass spectroscopic studies show that molecular H2 may be lost from the solid which retains excess oxygen in the form of O 2 2? , leading to the release of atomic O. The dissociation of O 2 2? moieties into a vacancy-bound O? state and an unbound O? state can be followed by measuring the internal redox reactions involving transition metal impurities, the transient paramagnetism of the O? and their effect on the d.c. conductivity. Evidence is presented that CO2 molecules dissolve dissociatively in the structurally dense oxide matrix, as if they were first to dissociate into CO+O and then to form separate solute moieties CO 2 2? and O 2 2? , both associated with cation vacancy sites. In the CO 2 2? moiety (C-O? distance 1.2–1.3 Å, OCO angle ≈ 130°) the C atom probably sits off center. The transition of the C atom into interstitial sites is accompanied by dissociation of the CO 2 2? moiety into CO? and O?. This transition can be followed by infrared spectroscopy, using OH? as local probes. Further support derives from magnetic susceptibility, thermal expansion, low frequency dielectric loss and low temperature deformation measurements. The recently observed emission of O and Mg atoms besides a variety of molecules such as CO, CO2, CH4, HCN and other hydrocarbons during impact fracture of MgO single crystals is presented and discussed in the light of the other experimental data.  相似文献   

13.
At 31 sites in Finland the Zn content was determined of the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. growing on pine and birch, the terricolous lichen Cladina spp. in pine bark, and the inner part of birch bark. The anomalous contents of Zn in H. physodes on pine and Cladina spp. in soil appeared to be strongly related to sulphide ore deposits. Anthropogenic Zn correlated closely with S and Fe in H. physodes on pine and with Fe in Cladina spp. The binding of geogenic Zn was related to iron hydroxides, and was attributed to the different uptake mechanism of S in these lichens. Elevated values of Zn in H. physodes on birch were due to both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Zinc in pine bark increased with the Zn content in H. physodes and reached a limiting value.  相似文献   

14.
There are few inter-African country urban analyses because of the continent’s enormous size and socioeconomic diversity, language barriers, and wide variations in national and regional urban research capacity. Nevertheless, comparative urban studies are critical in understanding contemporary African urbanization. In this comparative spatial and temporal analysis of Ghana and Kenya’s urbanization, we find that both countries are urbanizing rapidly and are faced with many common urban problems. Moreover, Ghana is more urbanized than Kenya and has a larger indigenous urban imprint and a more widely dispersed urban pattern. Besides their physiographic and population conditions, we trace these countries’ convergent and divergent urban trends to their shared but unique experiences of colonialism, nationalism and globalization.  相似文献   

15.
The Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers originate in the mountainous regions of the Himalayas (Garhwal) and result in high sediment yields causing flood hazards downstream of the Ganga River and high sediment flux to the Bay of Bengal. The rivers are perennial, since runoff in these rivers is controlled by both precipitation and glacial melt. In the present study, three locations in the upper reaches of the Ganga River were monitored for 1 yr (daily observations of, more than >1000 samples) for suspended sediment concentrations. In addition, more than one hundred samples were collected from various locations of the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers at different periods to observe spatial and temporal variations in river suspensions. Further, multi-annual data (up to 40 yrs) of water flow and sediment concentrations were used for inferring the variations in water flow and sediment loads on longer time scales. In most previous studies of Himalayan Rivers, there has been a general lack of long term water flow and sediment load data. In the present study, we carried out high frequency sampling, considered long term discharge data and based on these information, discussed the temporal and spatial variations in water discharge and sediment loads in the rivers in the Himalayan region. The results show that, >75% of annual sediment loads are transported during the monsoon season (June through September). The annual physical weathering rates in the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi River basins at Devprayag are estimated to be 863 tons km−2 yr−1 (3.25 mm yr−1) and 907 tons km−2 yr−1 (3.42 mm yr−1) respectively, which are far in excess of the global average of 156 tons km−2 yr−1 (0.58 mm yr−1).  相似文献   

16.
As a result of systematic study on heavy minerals in soils at city and town areas and their surroundings,cinnabar was discovered for the first time in areas of Hg anomalies in China, and it was found that the distribution of cinnabar was basically coincident in scope with that of Hg anomalies, showing that Hg anomalies were‘closely related to cinnabar. This finding provides a theoretical basis for a verification of Hg anomalies in soils in city and town areas and their surroundings, as well as evaluation of its ecological effects, and is significant to revealing the occurrence modes and origin of Hg in soils.  相似文献   

17.
煤中气孔和镶嵌结构及其在煤变质研究中的意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
河南省禹县、新密和荥巩煤田山西组Ⅱ1煤的贫煤和无烟煤中,气孔发育。气孔形态有椭圆状（图版1）、圆状及不规则状（图版2）,有的几个气孔连在一起呈大的朵状气孔(图版3)。此外,在荥巩煤田西部无烟煤中还发育有镀嵌结构(图版4)。   相似文献   

18.
This review of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry includes research that employed quadrupole instruments, and single-collector and multicollector magnetic sector field instruments. The most important trend in 2004–2005 was the growing appreciation that small matrix effects in LA-(MC)-ICP-MS need to be addressed in order to produce highly precise and accurate data by the method. The issue is most acute for isotope ratio measurements that require standard-sample-standard bracketing but can also be important for certain elemental analysis. Matrix-dependent elemental and isotopic fractionations were studied from the standpoint of laser-sample interactions and the behaviour of laser-generated particles in the ablation cell, transfer tubing and ICP torch. Innovations in LA-(MC)-ICP-MS involved signal smoothing, in torch laser ablation, on-line isotope dilution and molecular oxide monitoring. Other important research was carried out on the calibration and homogeneity of various reference materials; and the exploration of mature ( in situ U-Pb geochronology) and emerging (apatite fission-track chronometry, U-Th/He thermochronology, boron/strontium/uranium-series isotopic microanalysis) applications in the Earth sciences.  相似文献   

19.
《China Geology》2019,2(3):382-390
Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described; they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper.  相似文献   

20.
Using improved analytical techniques, which reduce the Re blanks by factors of 8 to 10, we report new Re-Os data on low Re and low PGE pallasites (PAL-anom) and IIIAB irons. The new pallasite samples nearly double the observed range in Re/Os for pallasites and allow the determination of an isochron of slope 0.0775 ± 0.0008 (T = 4.50 ± 0.04 Ga, using the adjusted λ187Re = 1.66 × 10−11 a−1) and initial (187Os/188Os)0 = 0.09599 ± 0.00046. If the data on different groups of pallasites (including the “anomalous” pallasites) are considered to define a whole-rock isochron, their formation would appear to be distinctly younger than for the iron meteorites by ∼60 Ma. Five IIIAB irons (Acuna, Bella Roca, Chupaderos, Grant, and Bear Creek), with Re contents ranging from 0.9 to 2.8 ppb, show limited Re/Os fractionation and plot within errors on the IIAB iron meteorite isochron of slope 0.07848 ± 0.00018 (T = 4.56 ± 0.01 Ga) and initial (187Os/188Os)0 = 0.09563 ± 0.00011. Many of the meteorites were analyzed also for Pd-Ag and show 107Ag enrichments correlated with Pd/Ag, requiring early formation and fractionation of the FeNi metal, in a narrow time interval, after injection of live 107Pd (t1/2 = 6.5 Ma) into the solar nebula. Based on Pd-Ag, the typical range in relative ages of these meteorites is ≤10 Ma. The Pd-Ag results suggest early formation and preservation of the 107Pd-107Ag systematics, both for IIIAB irons and for pallasites, while the younger Re-Os apparent age for pallasites suggests that the Re-Os system in pallasites was subject to re-equilibration. The low Re and low PGE pallasites show significant Re/Os fractionation (higher Re/Os) as the Re and PGE contents decrease. By contrast, the IIIAB irons show a restricted range in Re/Os, even for samples with extremely low Re and PGE contents. There is a good correlation of Re and Ir contents. The correlation of Re and Os contents for IIIAB irons shows a similar complex pattern as observed for IIAB irons (Morgan et al., 1995), and neither can be ascribed to a continuous fractional crystallization process with uniform solid-metal/liquid-metal distribution coefficients.  相似文献   

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