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1.
在分析和总结前人对红藻石和蓝藻石研究成果基础上,结合岩石薄片显微镜下观察实例,发现在以往碳酸盐岩颗粒分类中没有红藻石和蓝藻石的合适位置。鉴于红藻石重要的成因意义和造礁作用,有必要明确红藻石的概念和归属。珊瑚藻本身极易钙化,经生物矿化作用最终保存下来的珊瑚藻屑一直放在生物碎屑中,而红藻石是由非固着的珊瑚藻构成的钙质独立结核,因此也可以被划分到生物碎屑中。蓝藻石作为蓝细菌钙化作用的产物,同时鉴于蓝藻石的广泛存在,把钙化蓝细菌形成的核形石命名为蓝藻石,这一重要概念从提出到现在一直被使用。然而蓝绿藻概念已变更为蓝细菌,蓝藻石的形成与藻类无关,显然将其称作蓝菌石更加确切。因此,应将红藻石和蓝藻石分别归为生物碎屑和核形石当中,并用新的术语蓝菌石替代蓝藻石。其意义在于使红藻石和蓝藻石的概念及归属更为规范,并为碳酸盐岩颗粒的深入研究提供有益线索。 相似文献
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研究桩与岩石的侧摩阻力组成及影响因素,有助于准确地把握桩与岩石的侧摩阻力取值原则。在对桩与岩层的摩擦黏着机制分析的基础上,指出界面力与岩层抗剪力的区别,并提出岩层的极限侧摩阻力由界面强度及岩石强度两者较弱一方决定的观点。进行了中风化岩中4组混凝土短桩的抗压及抗拔极限摩阻力对比试验,获得了相应的极限侧摩阻力值以及抗拔与抗压极限侧摩阻力值的比值。抗拔时由于上部岩层对桩侧岩层的约束作用较弱,会使侧摩阻力相对抗压时有较大降低。通过有限元计算及其与试验值的比较分析,研究短桩与岩层的界面强度条件,发现岩层和混凝土灌注桩间的侧摩阻力中界面黏着力占很大比例。 相似文献
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宝玉石产地来源的研究是近几年地质学、宝石学和考古学界的热门话题之一。一方面,不同产地来源的宝玉石可能具有不同的品质特征及经济价值,其研究有助于珠宝首饰价值的判断,为各国海关执法提供技术支持;另一方面,古代宝玉石产地的确定对了解古代宝玉石的开采与古代科技的发展水平及不同区域的文化交流均具有重要意义。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,结合现代微区测试技术的最新研究成果,从微量元素、包裹体以及同位素分析等方面探讨总结了微区测试技术在确定宝玉石产地来源研究中的应用。当前的研究结果显示,不同的技术方法对确定宝玉石的产地来源均有一定的意义,但宝玉石产地来源的最终确定往往需要依赖更大范围和更深入地对宝石矿床的地球化学进行多技术手段的交叉分析。显然,确定各种不同类型宝玉石产地来源的标型特征及建立相关重要宝石产地的地球化学数据库,是最终解决宝玉石产地来源鉴定问题的关键。 相似文献
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RS和GIS技术集成及其应用 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
何庆成 《水文地质工程地质》2000,27(2):44-46
本文简要地介绍了ＲＳ（遥感图像处理系统）和ＧＩＳ（地理信息系统）技术及其集成的基本概念和方法。讨论了ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ技术及其集成的内在涵义、相互关系,认为ＲＳ是ＧＩＳ重要的外部信息源,是其数据更新的重要手段,尤其对于全球性的 地理动力学分析,更必须有ＲＳ所提供的覆盖全球的动态数据与ＧＩＳ的结合。反之,ＧＩＳ则可以提供ＲＳ所需要的一些辅助数据,以提高ＲＳ图像的信息量和分辨率,同时,ＧＩＳ可以将实地调查所 相似文献
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Colin C. Ferguson 《Mathematical Geology》1979,11(3):329-336
This paper considers an ellipse, produced by the intersection of a triaxial ellipsoid and a plane (both arbitrarily oriented), and derives explicit expressions for its axis ratio and orientation. The relationship between central and noncentral sections, and the problem of intersection probability, are discussed. The resulting equations have obvious applications in structural geology and optical mineralogy, and in stereological modeling of grain-size and grain-shape distributions. 相似文献
7.
Progress and Prospect of Statistics and Assessment of Large-scale Natural Disaster Damage and Losses
In June 2014, the "Statistics System for the Damage and Loss of Large-scale Natural Disasters" (SSDLLND) was issued by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Office of National Disaster Reduction Committee, which marked that the statistics and assessment of China's catastrophic natural disaster damage and losses formally entered a new stage of institutionalization. On the basis of analyzing the five major international disaster damage and loss assessment systems, including HAZUS-MH, ECLAC, DaLA, EMA-DLA and PDNA, the differences between the “SSDLLND” of China and five major international systems were compared from the statistics and assessment contents and indicators. Combined with the statistics and assessment practices of China’s large-scale disaster damage and losses and the characteristics of international systems in recent years, the future development of the SSDLLND were proposed in three aspects: Enriching and improving the framework of damage and loss statistics content, stepwise improvement of disaster impact assessment methods (such as the ecological capital loss assessment, tourism industry loss assessment due to the disasters, etc.), and improving indicators and parameters of loss statistics. The study has an important practical significance for improving the statistics and assessment system of the damage and loss of major natural disasters and better serving the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction decision-making. 相似文献
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为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。 相似文献
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为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。 相似文献
11.
Dong WANG Shaoming PAN Jichun WU Qingping ZHU Chang LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):168-169
In the history, the Yellow River nurtured Chinese civilization. It is respected as the ＂ancestor of the four large rivers in China＂ and praised as ＂the mother river of China＂. At the same time, the Yellow River is regarded as ＂the misery of China＂ and considered as the most complex river hard to control in the world. Today, the Yellow River is also one large river greatly influenced by human activities in the world. The safety of the Yellow River, particularly flood control, is always the most important issue for governing and developing the country. Great achievements have been made after many years of efforts for controlling the Yellow River. However, since the nineties of 20 century, some new problems occurred, such as sharp reduction of flux to sea, dry rivercourse, worsen environment, etc. Rapidly shrinking riverbed and two-level perched stream are disadvantageous to flood safety especially. The new concepts and new practices are urgently needed to control the river. Therefore, the Yellow River Conservancy Committee of Ministry of Water Resources had continuously carded out flow and sediment diversion each year from 2002 to 2005. To timely probe into the new issues produced after flow and sediment diversion, and in order to deepen the understanding of rules for the Yellow River＇s water and sediment and provide reference and experience to the researchers for other large rivers, five hydrologic and hydraulic characteristics of the Yellow River, such as lack of water, much of sediment, different resources of water and sediment, inconsistency between water and sediment and frequency of sink switching and route changing, are described. Flow and sediment diversion of the Yellow River is also reviewed. Under flow and sediment diversion, 相似文献
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地基、基础与上部结构共同作用近年来成为理论研究与工程实践的热点问题。根据三者之间的相互作用原理,将地基基础与上部结构作为一个整体进行研究,通过选用合适的三维空间计算模型,考虑了材料的非线性和边界条件的非线性,应用数值仿真系统ANSYS程序对所建模型进行模拟分析。对于软硬不同的地基模型,计算结果表明,不同硬度的地基会在上部结构及基础中产生应力重分布,同时还得出了地基土应力的空间分布规律,此结果具有一定的理论和应用意义。 相似文献
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回顾了地勘单位利用钻掘技术优势在工程市场上取得的瞩目成绩,指出了当前在技术发展上存在的“拓重三轻”的问题,分析了钻掘工程市场的发展前景,从技术发展战备的高度规划适应市场需要的岩土钻掘工程技术的体系,并提出了实施措施。 相似文献
14.
导致雾霾、地下水和土壤污染的机理复杂,且影响因素较多。不同行业和学科研究的成果各有说法和道理,并且取得了一定的成效。但是,就目前的研究成果和实际情况来看依然存在着许多不攻自破的“漏洞”和片面性。通过2年来的野外调查研究和大量文献资料分析认为：雾霾的产生和土壤、地下水体污染主要由地质作用（构造活动和地球深部气体释放、煤田火区）、人类活动（地表到大气对流层空间）和气候气象（湿度、风力和降雨强度）3大因素造成。其中,地质作用是不可忽略的重要因素,也是难以预测和治理难度最大的。华北平原正好同时满足上述3个条件,处于雾霾严重区域。 相似文献
15.
L. A. Pérez-Maqueda O. B. Caneo J. Poyato J. L. Pérez-Rodríguez 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2001,28(1):61-66
The effect of ultrasounds on natural macroscopic vermiculite flakes has been studied. Conditions for the preparation of submicron
vermiculite particles of narrow particle-size distribution by sonochemistry are described. The resulting material is crystalline,
as assayed by X-ray diffraction. Effects of ultrasound treatment on the mean particle size, crystal structure, crystallite
dimensions in different directions, and specific surface area of the resulting particles are investigated. Under the conditions
used in this work, there is a practical limit at 40 h in the sonication time for the preparation of submicron particles; longer
treatment times promoted aggregation.
Received: 21 March 2000 / Accepted: 21 August 2000 相似文献
16.
The high-pressure (HP) behaviour of a natural orthorhombic and tetragonal edingtonite from Ice River, Canada, has been investigated using in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The two isothermal equations of state up to 6.74(5) GPa were determined. V0, KT0 and K refined with a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (BM-EoS) are: V0 = 598.70(7) Å3, KT0 = 59(1) GPa and K=3.9(4) for orthorhombic edingtonite and V0 = 600.9(2) Å3, KT0 = 59(1) GPa and K=4.2(5) for tetragonal edingtonite. The experiments were conducted with nominally hydrous pressure penetrating transmitting medium. No overhydration effect was observed within the pressure range investigated. At high-pressures the main deformation mechanism is represented by cooperative rotation of the secondary building unit (SBU).Si/Al distribution slightly influences the elastic behaviour of the tetrahedral framework: the SBU bulk moduli are 125(8) GPa and 111(4) GPa for orthorhombic and tetragonal edingtonite, respectively. Extra-framework contents of both zeolites show an interesting behaviour under HP conditions: the split Ba2 site at P >2.85 GPa is completely empty; only the position Ba1 is occupied. Electronic Supplementary Material. Supplementary material to this paper (Observed and calculated structure factors) is available in electronic form at Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 相似文献
17.
火山地层界面的类型、特征和储层意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
按照火山地层界面的形成过程和地质属性将其划分为5类,分别为喷发整合、喷发不整合、喷发间断不整合、构造不整合和侵入接触,除侵入接触外,其他不整合均可细分为角度不整合和平行不整合两种。喷发整合和喷发不整合两类界面上下岩层的间断为数分钟-数年,并且在界面上下均具有冷凝表壳或细火山碎屑层等,喷发不整合可为平行面状或交织曲面状,多为凹凸不平,分布范围小;喷发间断不整合界面形成时间为数十年-数千年,界面之下冷凝表壳或细碎屑层等明显遭受侵蚀,在横向上存在风化壳-沉积岩夹层的组合形式,界面平面展布多为波状曲面;构造不整合与喷发间断不整合在特征上相似,但形成时间为数千年-数百万年,界面分布范围更大。东北地区中生代火山岩剖面揭示:在喷发整合/不整合界面附近原生孔隙发育,随着与界面距离的增加孔隙度变小;具有交织曲面状界面岩层的面孔率大,孔隙发育带厚度及其占岩层比例均大于平行面状界面岩层。盆内钻井资料揭示喷发间断/构造不整合界面之下发育大量的次生孔隙,可与原生孔隙组合使储层物性变好,但当原生孔隙未能保存时其储层物性变化难以预测。 相似文献
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运用FLAC3D软件中的Mohr-Coulomb本构模型对北京市某高层住宅楼基坑工程进行了数值模拟分析,对基坑开挖、失稳破坏、边坡支护进行了评价,并对模拟结果与实测结果进行了对比,分析了基坑变形、失稳破坏和支护过程。研究表明,FLAC3D软件中的Mohr-Coulomb本构模型能够方便、准确地模拟基坑开挖、边坡的大位移失稳破坏、边坡的支护过程,其计算结果安全可靠。分析结果也证实了FLAC3D在基坑工程数值模拟方面具有良好的适应性。 相似文献
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黑云母的理化特性及其开发应用的新途径 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑云母是云母矿物族的重要成员之一,在有关研究资料的基础上,进一步分析黑云母的理化特性和以黑云母为矿物原料,制取含钾混合肥料,所提供的参考工艺流程,用实用性和推广应用价值。 相似文献
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对不同温度（90~200 ℃）和压力（20~120 MPa）条件下的富甲烷天然气在碳酸氢钠溶液中的溶解度值进行了实验测定,阐述了甲烷溶解度随温度、压力及矿化度的变化特征。综合前人的实验结果,将天然气的溶解度与温度的关系划分为3个阶段: ①缓慢递减阶段（0~80 ℃）;②快速递增阶段（>80~150 ℃）;③缓慢递增阶段（>150 ℃）。在温压的共同作用下,溶解度随埋藏深度的增加,也具有不同的阶段变化特征;且当地层水温度、压力足够高时,甲烷的溶解能力趋近于某一极限值。利用甲烷溶解度回归方程有助于对不同地区水溶气析离脱气界限的估算。我国主要存在包括侧向阶段脱气、断裂-底辟脱气、盖层渗滤脱气和构造抬升脱气4种与构造和渗滤作用有关的水溶气析离成藏模式。 相似文献